Umayyad and Abbasid History Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Insights into Islamic Archaeology and Material Culture: A Conference in Jerusalem

The Umayyad Palace comPlex of Khirbat al-Mafjar, located near Jericho, is the most important cultural symbol of the early Islamic period for Palestine, one comparable to Sāmarrāʾ in ʿIraq and Fusṭāṭ in Egypt. 1 As with many famous sites, this monument suffers from misunderstandings and distortions of its archaeological evidence. The Jericho Mafjar Project is a research initiative undertaken by the Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage and the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (former Oriental Institute) of the University of Chicago. 2 There are two directions this archaeological reassessment might take. The first one is a careful stratification of the long history of building complexes, an approach systematically pursued by Dimitri Baramki, the first excavator of Qaṣr Hishām. 3 The second direction is an appreciation of its setting, the evolving context of the palace, and its estate in relation to Arīḥā (Jericho), the continuing Christian center of the entire oasis. This external relationship has been undertaken by Michael Jennings and Tony Lauricella as part of the Tell al-Ḥassan Project (see chapter 8). The renewed analysis of the structural history of these monuments, and of their spatial and environmental contexts, has led Ignacio Arce to reevaluations of the sequence and form of these buildings and their functions (chapter 6). An understanding of the history and archaeology of Khirbat al-Mafjar means a return to the study of the ceramics found there and discernment of the stratigraphy of the site, both in superimposition and horizontally (contra Baramki, above). For many scholars, the volume An Arabian Mansion in the Jordan Valley by Robert Hamilton (1959) stands as the definitive report of this site. This monograph describes the architecture of the palace, bath, mosque, and pavilion with a focus on embellishments in carved stone and stucco, fresco paintings, and the magnificent mosaic carpets. A close reading reveals that this work is not a complete archaeological report, and one must still use Baramki's four preliminary reports (published in the Quarterly of the Department of Archaeology in Palestine). Not only are many categories of artifacts missing from Hamilton's publication (e.g., coins, inscriptions, pottery, glass, and small objects), but the archaeology of the bath also remains unpublished. The audience hall and bath were excavated from 1943 to 1948, and Baramki's manuscripts for two more reports may be found in an article on the ceramics, published in 1944, that demonstrates his accurate analysis of the stratigraphy of the site. While Hamilton's short chronology (the twenty-five years from Hishām's accession to the caliphate in 724 ce until the earthquake of 749 ce)

2025

In 711, the Arabs (known as the Moors) began their conquest of Spain. Tariq ibn Ziyad led 12,000 Moorish troops across the Mediterranean Sea at the Strait of Gibraltar to the Rock of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq). He defeated the Visigoths and established the Kingdom of Al-Andalus. It lasted until 1492, when Granada and the Alhambra palace surrendered to the Spanish forces of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Not satisfied with their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the Moors crossed the Pyrenees in 732. In October 732, the Frankish ruler Charles Martel stopped and defeated them at the Battle of Tours, also called the Battle of Poitiers.

2025

Luento 5.5.2025 kurssilla 'Myöhäisantiikin ja keskiajan Roomat', Turun yliopisto

2025, Islamic History and Civilization

Ghatfan was a prominent Adenani-Qaysi Arab tribal confederation in northern Najd, encompassing tribes such as Abs, Dhubyan, (and particularly its renowned sub-tribes Fazara) Murra, and Ashdja. The expansion and endurance of the Umayyad dynasty were heavily reliant on the strength of Arab tribes. This paper seeks to investigate the nature of the relationships between the Ghatfan tribes and the Umayyad rulers and to determine the ultimate position of these tribes within the Umayyad power structure. After a comprehensive analysis of the Ghatfan personalities, families, and tribes, their reciprocal interactions with the Umayyad regime are examined. The findings reveal that the Ghatfan tribes, especially Abs and Fazara, served as crucial pillars for the Umayyad state. In addition to familial ties, the Umayyads entrusted sensitive positions in the bureaucracy and military, particularly in border and rebellious regions, to the Ghatfan, enabling them to suppress internal uprisings and external threats.

2025, Between Rebels and Rulers in the Early Islamicate World Power, Contention and Identity

Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. Publishing new research in the arts and humanities, EUP connects people and ideas to inspire creative thinking, open new perspectives and shape the world we... more

2025

The article presents for the first time the Syriac text, an English translation and discussion of the surviving fragments of a newly discovered apologetic composition by Timothy I (fl. 780-823), the East Syrian patriarch of Baghdad. In this work, the catholicos defends Christian practice of veneration of the cross against possible critique by Jewish and Muslim adversaries. Discussed in the context of Timothy's other works and of the earlier and contemporary polemical literature by Christians, the newly published material offers a valuable evidence on the development of the repertoire of anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim polemical arguments among Syriac and Arab Christians during the eighth and ninth centuries.

2025

It is remarkable that, within a single century, the Muslims, from their humble abode of the harsh deserts of Arabia, conquered not only much of the Middle East, Persia, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula, but also, parts of the Indian subcontinent, and with that, the foundation of a great empire had been established throughout lands that stretched nearly 6000 miles between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. And, with remarkable turn of events, from mid-8th century onward commenced this scientific and scholarly revolution that led to centuries of continuous, organized and pioneering research and firm advances in various fields of academia. And, this very period, during which these innovative scholarly pursuits, which ultimately created a remarkable body of scientific work, is historically recognized as the Golden Age of Islam, an era that lasted up to 13th century.
The Islamic World, during this particular era, produced a wealth of innovative scientific works, revolutionized the system of society and pioneered lasting economic, cultural and political development. And, it is during this time, the Muslim World became the center of global intellectual, economic and political sphere, where people from all across the then known world, traveled to Abbasid Baghdad, Umayyad Al-Andalus, Fatimid Egypt and Muslim Sicily, in search of a better life, and of course, for radiant scholarly wisdom. And, this book tells that story: how it all began and precisely why the era between mid-8th century and 13th century is considered to be the Golden Age of Islam, the most remarkable era in the entire political history of the religion of Islam.

2025, Ege coğrafya dergisi

A kselend i Ebene liegt im ägäischen G ebiet im Norden der G edizebene. In dieser E bene gibt es ein breiter D ünebereich. D ie Entstehung d ieser Dünen hängt von verschiedenen Entwicklungsprozeßen ab. Starke nördliche W inde waren bei dieser Entstehung besonders wirksam . D as Material bei der D üneentstehung liefert das alte Bett des Kum çayı F lusses. Kumçayı floss in dieser Ebene ehem als von Osten nach W esten . Aber 1950 wurde die R ichtung des F lu sses nach Süden verlegt. Danach verstärkte sich die D üneentstehung im mer mehr. Das heutige Flächenm aß dieser Dünen ist 5,5 -6 k m 2 . D ie Dünen bedrochen die A nbaubereiche im W esten und im Süden. M anche A nbauteilen im w estlichen und südlichen Bereich sind durch d iese Dünen zu gedeckt. In kürzerer Zeit sollten die zuständigen Institutionen M aßnahmen gegen d iese Dünnenentstehung treffen. Ege Bölgesi, genellikle doğu-batı doğrultulu depresyon alanlarına yerleşmiş akarsuların meydana getirdiği alüvyal ovalar ile dikkati çeker. Bu ovalar, gerek ülkemizin ve gerekse Ege Bölgesinin en verimli tarımsal alanlarını oluşturur. Hatta bu ovaların kenarlarında yer alan en küçük toprak parçalan bile tarımsal açıdan optimum bir şekilde değerlendirilmeye çalışılır. Ancak bazı alanlarda hem fiziki

2025, Eastern Christians’ Engagement with Islam and the Qur’ān: Texts, Contexts and Knowledge Regimes, edited by Octavian-Adrian Negoiță

This contribution studies a hitherto unidentified Syriac response to the Muslim charge of biblical falsification (taḥrīf), found in chapter 49 of the introduction to the Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew by the West Syriac Patriarch George of Bʿeltan (758-89/90). Besides its early date and comprehensiveness, two elements render this brief text unique in Syriac literature. First, it contains among the earliest quotations of the Qur'ān in Syriac, if not the very first. Second, it provides the earliest version of the so-called "True Religion Apology," a discourse that soon thereafter becomes very popular in Arabic Christian apologetic texts but is much less common in Syriac. Besides introducing this original response to taḥrīf, this contribution provides an edition of the chapter with English translation.

2025

تتناول هذه الورقة اكتشافًا جديدا يتمثل في مسكوكة أموية تجريبية صادرة على معدن الرصاص، مرتبطة بقالب دينار الخليفة الواقف المضروب في دمشق. يُعد هذا الاكتشاف المهم دليلًا ماديًا يعزز حقيقة وجود حقبة دينار الخليفة الواقف الغير مؤرخ السابقة... more

2025, Stefan Heidemann, Hannah-Lena Hagemann, Transregional and Regional Elites: Connecting the Early Islamic Empire, Berlin (De Gruyter).

This paper conceptualizes the term elite for the study of early Islamic history and aims to provide a usable definition for historians of early Islam. It gives an overview of existing terminology referring to socially dominant groups in Arabic and Persian sources as well as in the social sciences and related fields, discussing and dismissing its suitability for the field of Islamic Studies. The article traces the development of the term elite in scholarly discourse from the 19th century onward and presents its own definition suited to the complex organizational structure of early Islamic society, pointing out both the challenges of and possible strategies for studying early Islamic elites.

2025, Political and Commercial Dynamics in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus in the 9th-11th Centuries in the Light of Islamic Sources

The eastward expeditions of the Scandinavian Rus (covering the western parts of modern-day Russia including Northern Caucasus (in other word European Part of Russia), Ukraine, and Belarus) and their interactions with the Turkish peoples of the region are documented in Russian Chronicles (PVL), Byzantine Sources, Scandinavian Sagas, and Latin Sources. However, sources from the Islamic world (written in Arabic and Persian or even Hebrew) offer a perspective on the activities of the Scandinavians in the east that differs significantly from these other accounts. While Arabic and Persian sources demand meticulous analysis, they provide more detailed insights into the objectives of Scandinavian migration to the east, the origins of TurkishScandinavian relations, the regional and global historical repercussions of these interactions, their role in shaping the Rus' identity, and even the origins of the Rus' and the distinctions between the Rus' and the Slavs. This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of Islamic Sources, which contain extensive but often contentious information about the Turkish and Scandinavian peoples in Eastern Europe during the 9th–11th centuries. By examining these sources, the study aims to explore the political and commercial dynamics of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus during this period.

2025

This two-volume study explores the life of the Muslim scholar Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī and his historical work, the Kitāb al-futūḥ (Book of Conquests). This study re-contextualises Ibn Aʿtham within the early fourth/tenth century, highlighting his contributions to Islamic historiography.
Volume 1 examines his biography, refines the timeline of his life and work, and traces its reception across the Muslim world. It provides codicological descriptions of the surviving Arabic manuscripts, analyses the narratives of the ridda (‘apostasy’) wars, and includes critical editions of the Kitāb al-futūḥ’s collective isnāds, accompanied by translations and analyses.
Volume 2 presents a new critical edition of the work’s opening sections, focusing on the saqīfa and ridda narratives, based on manuscripts kept at Forschungsbibliothek Gotha (Germany) and Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library in Patna (India).

2025, Al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā: The Journal of Middle East Medievalists 33 (2025): 30–106

The Armenian Martyrdom of Vahan of Gołt'n, composed in 744 CE, offers a fresh perspective from which to study the Umayyad caliphate. A sophisticated literary composition assembled in a monastic context, the Martyrdom traces contemporary networks of power, communication, and knowledge within and beyond Armenia. As a product of the late Umayyad world, it constitutes a work of major significance for the study of the Umayyad caliphate at large and the caliphal North in particular during the first half of the eighth century. The Martyrdom reveals contemporary Armenian perceptions of Umayyad hegemony, including ʿaṭā (stipend) payments, public executions, conversions, apostasy, contemporary apologetics, and the nature of Caliph Hishām's court at Ruṣāfa. At the same time, it portrays members of the Armenian elite, lay and clerical, reacting in different ways to new political circumstances. The present article provides the first annotated English translation and extensive thematic introduction to the Martyrdom of Vahan of Gołt'n, with the aim of making the text accessible to Islamicists and thereby integrating this rich source into discussions of the late Umayyad era.

2025, Research on humanities and social sciences

What I mentioned earlier is the bond and the support that was enjoyed by all Umayyad repels or to anyone who wishes the Umayyad return, but what is the position of the Abbasid state of all of this? This research came to answer this question. With the Umayyad dynasty time is over, they still have that distinctive status in the hearts of scientists and the public, and as a result a lot of books in the third and fourth centuries AD / ninth and tenth centuries were written, the state of the Umayyad and news and conquests had a large share we must mention Ibn Abd al-Hakam died in ( 214 H / 829 AD), who wrote the biography of Omar bin Abdul Aziz, the Azadi died in( 334 AH / 946 AD), who praised the Umayyad rulers, and Abu Omar Zahid the linguistic who died in ( 345 H / 956 AD), who mentioned the pros of Umayyad and collect part of the virtues of Muawiyah, even Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani the shiite showed admiration toward Umayyads. historians expatiate on the ancient and the modern period ...

2025,

In: Hannah-Lena Hagemann & Alasdair C. Grant, eds, Between Rebels and Rulers in the Early Islamicate World: Power, Contention and Identity, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2024, 95-118.

2025, THE ISRAEL NUMISMATIC JOURNAL VOL. 19 JERUSALEM 2016

Jerusalem– cradle of the three monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam– is one of the oldest cities in the world, having been founded more than
forty-five centuries ago. The city has been known by many different names
through the ages, the most important of them being Yevu-s, Ursha-lem, Aelia
Capitolina, I-liya-, Bayt al-Maqdis, al-Quds, and al-Quds al-Sharı-f

2025

Abbâsîler 30 yılı aşkın sistemli ve gizli bir propaganda faaliyeti sonucunda Emevîler'i yıkıp iktidara geldiler. İhtilalin başarıya ulaşmasında birçok kişinin katkısı oldu. Ebû Seleme el-Hallâl (öl. 132/750), Süleyman b. Kesîr (öl. 132/750), Ebû Müslim el-Horasânî (öl. 137/755) ve Abdullah b. Ali (öl. 147/764) gibi isimler bunlara örnek olarak verilebilir. Zikredilen bu şahıslar ve diğerleri yeni devlette önemli görevler aldılar. Fakat sonrasında gelişen olaylarda Abbâsî hanedanı zikredilen bu kişileri çeşitli gerekçelerle ortadan kaldırdı. Bu çalışmada Ebû Müslim ve diğerleri gibi Abbâsî ihtilaline önemli katkılarda bulunan, başta Talas Savaşı komutanlığı olmak üzere birçok görevi başarıyla yerine getiren ve sonrasında öldürülen Ziyâd b. Sâlih el-Huzâî'nin hayatı incelenmektedir. Sonrasında modern dönemdeki bazı çalışma ve yazılarda Ziyâd b. Sâlih el-Huzâî ile Ziyâd b. Sâlih el-Hârisî'nin birbiriyle karıştırılması vakıası ele alınmakta ve bazı değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırma neticesinde Ziyâd'ın Abbâsî hanedanı ile Ebû Müslim'in arasındaki rekabetin bir kurbanı olarak öldürüldüğü söylenebilir. Bunun yanında özellikle Türkçe araştırmalarda iddia edildiği gibi Ziyâd'ın komutanlığını yaptığı Talas Savaşı hakkında ilk bilgi veren İslâm tarihçisinin İbn Tayfûr (öl. 280/893) değil, Fesevî'nin (öl. 277/890) olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Fesevî'nin rivayetinde Türklerin Çin tarafında savaşa katıldığı ve Ziyâd b. Sâlih'in savaş stratejisinin savaşın sonucunu etkilediğine dair kayıtlar bulunmaktadır. Bu da İslâm tarihi kaynaklarında Türklerden hiç bahsedilmediği ve Karlukların Çin ordusunu arkadan vurmasıyla savaşın galibinin belirlendiği iddialarının yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

2025, Türkiye İktisat Kongresi 2023 (19-20 Temmuz 2023) Bildiriler Kitabı

Her şeyden önce konunun değişik zaman ve mekânda farklı kullanımlarına bağlı bir kavram yumağı bulunmaktadır. Erken İslam kaynakları daha çok "kabâle" kavramını kullanmıştır. "Taahhütnâme" manasında isim olan kabâle en geniş şekliyle kefalet, zeâmet, iltizam, damân, garâmet, ırâfe ve hamâle gibi kelimelerle eş anlamlıdır. Ârâmîce kanalıyla Akkadca' daki kabâlu/ kapâlu (bağlamak, tomar yapmak) kelimesiyle ilişkilendirilmesi mümkün görünen kabâle Arapça' dan Türkçe'ye ve Batı dillerine de geçmiştir. Kabâle sözleşmesiyle tekeffül edilen işe (hizmet) kıbâle, arazisini kabâle usulüyle işletene veya sipariş ya da iş verene mukabbil, yükleniciye de mütekabbil, kabbâl veya kabîl denir. İlkinin yaptığı hukukî işlem takbîl, diğerininki tekabbül kelimesiyle ifade edilir. 1 Kabâle erken İslami dönede Mısırda yaygın olarak zirai ortaklığın değişik şekilleri hakkında yaygın ve uzun süreli bir kullanıma sahiptir. Bu kavram ile eş zamanlı olarak "iltizam" kavramı da kullanılmıştır. 2 Makrîzî, iki yerde, farkın ne olduğunu açıklamadan ikisi arasında bir ayrım yapar. Arap fethinden hemen sonraki durumu anlatırken, toprak almak anlamına gelen fiilin yatâkabele olduğunu ve mutekabilin toprağı dört yıl süreyle aldığını anlatır. Ancak birkaç satır sonra, vergilerini ödemede geç kalan ve her yıl önemli borçlara neden olan "damman" (pl. of damin, mültezim) ve 'mutekabilun' dan bahseder. 3 Bir kira sözleşmesi anlamına gelen kabala ve kiracı anlamına gelen muta-kabbal 1

2025, Al-Masāq

Large cities have always required access to water-a requirement that has been met in different ways over time and place. During the early Islamic period, a variety of sources of evidence survive attesting to the construction of substantial pieces of infrastructure that carried water into cities. These were often expensive undertakings requiring significant investment of financial and labour resources, while their intended use often seems to have prioritised the needs of elites rather than of the general populace. Through textual and material sources of evidence, this article examines three main case studies in the cities of Baghdad, Samarra and al-Qat. āʾiʿ (pre-modern Cairo) to explore how, why and for whom these water conduits were built, as well as questions relating to their maintenance and longerterm use.

2025

This course engages the relationship between religious convictions and ecological commitments at several key points: a faith that takes our material world seriously; questions about God's creative work in view of modern science; current theologies of land and place, faithful stewardship, and living responsibly within Creation; and religious resources for public and communal change. With an eye toward character formation, students will engage in spiritual exercises, read and reflect on important written works, take field trips, conduct interviews, and present at least some of their findings in class and through papers.

2025, Islamic Studies Journal

(RA), everyone who wishes to pursue the Sufi path should adhere to the nine commandments. Unexpectedly, one of the nine commandments is Tawbah. To return is the literal meaning of Tawbah, which is ‫.اﻟﺮﺟﻮع‬ In the context of Sharia, it... more

2025, 684 AD - Qibla 2 Jerusalem

The second qibla was established by Abd Allah az-Zubayr in 684 AD toward the Masjid al-Haram in Jerusalem. It was changed to the Kaaba over the MKH ('Mecca', the Dwelling Place of God on the Temple Mount) in 692/4 AD.
Jews recognized the new qibla as the Truth from God.
At the beginning of the fourteenth century, the Black Stone was not in Mecca.
The addition of the caliph to sura 2 is a direct response to the Council of Trullo in November 692 AD. The caliph as Vicar of God in sura 2 is in conflict with the hanif (the Deceiver that connects with Ps. Shenute and the Doctrina Jacobi).
The imam is likely from the early ninth century when a standardization of the Koran took place.

2025

This paper explains why "lived experience" is important for understanding Arabic poetry. Lived experience means the feelings and thoughts we have about our lives. It helps us connect with stories and poems. Arabic poetry covers many emotions. However, if we focus too much on poetic form and modes of analysis, we might lose the connection to emotional substance. This paper argues that to really understand them, we need to balance analyzing Arabic poems with feeling their imbued emotions . By connecting with our feelings, we can better appreciate the emotional experiences found therein.

2025, The Middle Eastern and Islamic Worlds as seen in the context of their material cultures

2025, Journal of Semitic Studies

From the end of the seventh century CE, Egypt was increasingly destabilised by taxpayer protests, which culminated in significant armed revolts in the following century. In this article, we present the edition, translation, and analysis of papyrus P. Utah Inv. 114 that uniquely documents an incident in the northern Delta, dating to the late seventh or the early eighth century CE. The death of a taxpayer, at the hands of a Christian official in a case of tax evasion, triggered an administrative investigation by the Arab-Muslim authorities. The resulting report not only shows how local authorities addressed cases of tax resistance, but offers new insights into the legal procedures implemented by provincial authorities. The document also allows for a better understanding of Arabic administrative terminology. Finally, it contains the earliest recorded use of the term ‘Arabs’ to refer to the group of conquerors, attributing a moral and religious significance to the term.

2024

Mustafa ERDEMİR He was born in Osmaniye in 1998. After completing primary, secondary, and high school education in the Bahçe district of Osmaniye, he entered the Faculty of Theology at Sakarya University in 2016. He spent eight months in Jordan during his undergraduate studies. He graduated from the Faculty of Theology in 2021 and started his master's degree at

2024, Journal of Material Cultures in the Muslim World

This article examines a scroll entitled “The Illustration of Arabia” (天方圖考) which is held at the Italian Geographical Society in Rome. Made by a Chinese Muslim, it offers a unique visual and intellectual perspective on Islamic holy sites. The research transcribes and translates the text of scroll into English, and analyses it in the Chinese Islamic context, comparing them to Chinese cosmology, mythology, and the Han Kitab. It also explores the visual content of the scroll, examining the tradition of the Western Asian imagery of Islamic holy sites, Chinese cartography, and the local Muslim visual environment. Furthermore, this article traces Chinese Muslim pilgrimages in the nineteenth century and discusses the visual resources from West Asia that were available to Chinese Muslims.

2024, LOCAL AND GLOBAL IBADI IDENTITIES

In 1507, Afonso de Albuquerque, who was dubbed the 'Portuguese Mars', succeeded in making landfall in Oman, capturing the strategic cities of Hormuz, including Qalhat and Muscat. The Portuguese remained in Oman for 150 years until they were expelled in 1650, and their occupation of Oman was brutal and barbaric: cities were pillaged and burnt, harbours destroyed, civilians massacred and some prisoners had their noses and ears cut off. The Portuguese were resisted by Omanis both in reality and literature, nonetheless the role of the latter was by no means as important as the former as it did not play a vital role in the resistance. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the contribution of Omani poets to the resistance fell far short of expectations; the very few poems left from that time did not construct a counter discourse that represented the barbarism of the colonizing forces. It is only in the last quarter of the twentieth century that Omani writers started producing novels and short stories of considerable depth and clarity in which the image of the Portuguese colonization of Oman emerged.

2024, Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society

The newly created urban map provided a landscape on which these complicated political, religious, and military agendas could be integrated and expressed. The study of early Islamic cities has suffered from selfimposed limits and has even been challenged as an empirical subject of research. The weight of traditional definitions originates in a preoccupation with the medieval and premodern cities of the Middle East and idealising models based on descriptions of these cities. New trends in recent years include a tremendous concentration of scholarly interest in late antiquity, with reassessments of many assumptions. Among these assumptions may be counted the primacy of literary resources research, especially when the chronological lacunae may be taken to cast doubt on historical constructs in the foundations of Islamic civilisation. The present study seeks to establish a set of topographic features to replace traditional models, to describe an Arabian urban tradition which came to characterise an early Islamic urban complex. Part of the methodology employed will be an examination of the patterns to be found in archaeological evidence, an interpretation of cumulative examples that may be antithetical to the concept of archaeology as employed by many historians. Thus the study of the socalled desert castles of Bilād al Sh ām (greater Syria) is approached from an assessment of formal patterns, setting aside traditional art historical evaluations. These monuments are extraordinarily important for the generation of hypotheses on their functional rationale; in the present case, that they were all constructed as incipient urban entities. Structural elements are visible in these places that may be sought in more recognisable cities: such elements are bathhouses, gates, palatial or-better-administrative structures, mosques and residential elements. A basic hypothesis is that such elements were recognised aspects of urban planning inherited by the early Islamic state, and further that this inheritance

2024, Yasser Suleiman (ed.), Living Islamic History: Studies in Honour of Professor Carole Hillenbrand. Edinburgh: EUP. 2010. Pp. 92-106.

2024, Ilahiyat Studies

First Paragraph: This book, which focuses on the ruling era of al-Muqtadir (295-320/908-932), is collectively edited by four members of the School of Abbasid Studies, who examines various aspects of ʿAbbāsid history over many years. The book includes an introduction and three main parts, each containing two or three chapters. The time line of events prepared by Hugh Kennedy and a map showing the largest borders of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate are useful for readers (pp. ix-xiii).

2024, Ilahiyat Studies

This article discusses the contributions of the ʿAbbāsid caliphs to the architectural development of the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina. Since the protracted ʿAbbāsid rule went through several precarious phases, it was frequently marred by acute religious and socio-political disorders and turbulences, so much so that its mere existence was occasionally threatened. The history and architectural development of the Prophet’s Mosque was not immune to such conditions. Its architectural integrity and predisposition, and overall functioning as a community development center, were now and then at risk. Thus, this article focuses on discussing the consequences and implications of a political disintegration during the ʿAbbāsid era for the architectural development and serviceability of the Mosque. The paper concludes that the ʿAbbāsid contributions to the architectural development of the Mosque were reasonable; however, there was a big room for improvement. The reasons for certain conceptual as well as functional inadequacies were not as much attributable to the ʿAbbāsids as to the prevalent circumstances in the state that eventually incapacitated the ʿAbbāsid government from performing its entrusted duties and responsibilities.

2024

The History of the Armenian priest Łewond is an important source for the history of early Islamic rule and the only contemporary chronicle of second/eighth-century caliphal rule in Armenia. This volume presents a diplomatic edition and new English translation of Łewond’s text, which describes events that took place during the century and a half following the Prophet Muḥammad’s death in AH 11/632 CE. The authors address Łewond’s account as a work of caliphal history, written in Armenian, from within the Caliphate. As such, this book provides a critical reading of the Caliphate from one of its most significant provinces. Reading notes clarify many aspects of the period covered to make the text understandable to students and specialists alike. Extensive commentary elucidates Łewond’s narrative objectives and situates his History in a broader Near Eastern historiographical context by bringing the text into new conversations with a constellation of Arabic, Greek, and Syriac works that cover the same period. The book thus stresses the multiplicity of voices operating in the Caliphate in this pivotal period of Near Eastern history.

2024, Material Studies. Hellenistic – Islamic

The series presents the results of research carried out in the Iraqi Kurdistan from 2012 through 2017. During this time, an extremely rich group of heritage monuments was registered on an area of 3058 km2 located on both banks of the... more

2024, CAUCASUS STUDIES scientific-theoretical journal

Religion has been a significant factor in shaping political and social relations throughout history. In the case of Caucasian Albania, a kingdom in the southern part of the Caucasus, religion played a crucial role in shaping diplomatic ties between the state and its neighbors. The adoption of Zoroastrianism and Christianity brought new cultural practices and traditions to the region, contributing to the development of art, architecture, and literature. The article begins by providing an
overview of Caucasian Albania’s political and religious landscape, highlighting society’s cultural and religious diversity. It examines the various religious traditions present in the region, including Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and local indigenous beliefs, and their influence on diplomatic practices. Through analysis of primary sources, the article identifies key patterns and strategies employed by Caucasian Albanian rulers in utilizing religion as a tool of diplomacy. It explores how religious affiliations, alliances, and conversions were leveraged to establish diplomatic ties
with the Byzantine Empire, and Sassanids and maintain stability in a complex geopolitical landscape. By unraveling the dynamics of religious diplomacy in Caucasian Albania, this article offers a nuanced understanding of the interplay between religion and diplomacy, contributing to broader discussions on the historical and cultural dimensions of diplomatic practices.

2024, Godfathers of Islam and the Throne of David - Caliph and Imam

'Abd al-Malik is first to display the title caliph. Evidence that he is the son of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (the Jewish Messiah of Pumbedita) is shown. In the Koran, the imamate is assigned to the linage of Isaac, thus establishing the... more

2024, Der Islam

Anmerkung: Die Abkürzungen folgen der Checklist of Arabic Documents (www.naher-osten. lmu.de/isap/isap_checklist) und der (Full) Arabic Papyrology Bibliography of Editions and Research (www.naher-osten.lmu.de/apb). Einen zeitnahen Überblick über Neuerscheinungen bieten die Websites der International Society for Arabic Papyrology (www.naher-osten.lmu.de/ isap) und der Münchner Forschergruppe zur arabischen Papyrologie (www.naher-osten.lmu.de/ papyrologie) sowie die Maillist der International Society

2024, ANASTASIS. Research in Medieval Culture and Art

The paper refers to the decorative art made in stucco sculptures in the Umayyad palace at Khirbat al-Mafjar, a significant example of early Islamic cultural heritage in Palestine and worldwide. Khirbat al-Mafjar represents the Early Islamic architecture and decorative art as distinctive identity of Umayyad arts and architecture and as cultural interaction. For this reason, it is recommended to highlight the uniqueness of the representation of humans and animals in Umayyad decorative art as well as the identity of this art resulting from the synthesis of native Islamic elements and imported ones: Coptic, Roman and Sassanid.

2024, Dilbilim Araştrmaları 1998

2024

Masyarakat Kosmopolitan Muslim Dan Perkembangan Keilmuan Dalam Sejarah Islam

2024, Jerusalem Quarterly

The ancient land of Palestine began attracting Western archaeologists almost from the birth of the field as a scholarly discipline, yet it was not until the 1920s that the country produced its first tiny crop of Palestinian archaeologists. Albert Glock, in a posthumously published article, 3 identifies the four most prominent pioneer Palestinians working in the field during the British Mandate: Only a fraction of the seventythree Palestinians employed by the department [of Antiquities] held higher positions: three of the six inspectors commonly mentioned were Palestinians (D. Baramki, S.A.S. Husseini, and N. Makhouly) and a Palestinian (the self-taught scholar Stephan H. Stephan) worked in the library. 4 Dimitri Baramki in the early 1930s. Source: Private collection.

2024, Arabic Research Journal, Vol: 02-03. Department of Arabic, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh

Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani, The Great leader of a revolutionary movement in Khurasan who was born in the city of Isfahan. Abu Muslim joined in Abbasid movement in his early age and he was instructed by the Abbasid imam Ibrahim Ibn Muhammad and then sent to Khurasan to instigate a revolt against Umayyad Caliphate. Abu Muslim was an energetic leader who played a very important role in the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate. He recruited from various discontented and dispossessed social groups and created a coalition of rebellious people from Arab and Khurasan. As Abu Muslim was the leading factor in the defeat of Umayyads and rise of Abbasids, so when Abu Abbas as-Saffah became the first Abbasid caliph, Abu Muslim was given the governorship of Khurasan in reward for his great services. Then his fame was being increased day by day. Al Mansur the second Abbasids Caliph was in fear of Abu Muslim for his increasing popularity and growing influence on Abbasid Caliphate. So he ordered to murder of Abu Muslim and he was killed in the court of Al Mansur. But this great hero still after more than a thousand and two hundred years remains in the heart of the people as a highly respected revolutionary figure.

2024

his course explores medieval history after the year 1000 to better understand the wide-ranging significance of the Middle Ages. Readings will include both primary source materials and research from important secondary studies, familiarizing students with some of the key documents from the period while exposing them to the best historiography on the subject. With a focus on holy wars and holy lands, the course presents and analyzes evolving scholarly interpretations of this era alongside an exciting array of primary sources from the Middle Ages.
Themes:
• Ideology: A set of shared beliefs, values, and practices.
• Economics: The mobilization of labor; the extraction and exchange of the products of nature.
• Military Power: The way in which societies organize concentrated lethal violence.
• Political Power: The organization of social life under centralized, territorial regulation
and the use of systems of governance.