Unborn child Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Perifèria, revista de recerca i formació en antropología 30(1), 29-55

Este artículo presenta un panorama sucinto sobre los círculos de mujeres en el ámbito de la antropología de la espiritualidad, a partir del trabajo de campo realizado en Cataluña (España) y de una serie de fotografías que los ilustran. Se definen los círculos de mujeres, cómo se realizan, cuáles son sus fuentes, los estudios realizados hasta la fecha y cómo se pueden abordar desde la antropología de la espiritualidad, de la salud y del cuerpo. También se presenta el debate que se genera desde los feminismos y hasta qué punto la relación entre espiritualidad femenina y feminista está tensionada.

2025, AMAC Magazine

AMAC Magazine 19:2 (March 2025): 12-14. You don't have to be religious to be against abortion. If you believe in human rights, you can see that these rights apply to all humans, including those at the earliest stages of life--biology tells us that. But for those who look to the Bible, one can see in both Old and New Testaments both the value and the humanity of children, even in the womb.

2025, Peking University Law Journal

Legal scholars are currently debating many complex issues regarding the juridical status of unborn human beings (i.e., embryos and fetus): When does human life starts? Are the concepts of "human being" and "person" synonyms? Does the unborn have rights? Some of these questions, namely the biological beginning of human life, are not to be answered by the law, but by medical science. Nonetheless, it is up to the law to establish when should the unborn receive legal protection and under which conditions; and when does it become a person and acquires fundamental and human rights. These issues have legal nature, and, for this reason, the legal solutions are to be set by the lawmaker; but the fact is that they are grounded in knowledge coming from other fields, namely from biology, but also from philosophy and ethics. The present article will examine the various theories regarding the juridical classification of the unborn and the moment in which it acquires rights, trying to compare the Chinese and the Western legal cultures. In the end we will provide a juridical qualification for the unborn, i.e., if it is a person, an object, or something else in between these two categories; and afterwards define the juridical consequences derived from the chosen status. The beginning of human life cannot be pointed out by legal knowledge, since it is up to biology to establish it. However, biologists do not reach a consensual conclusion and while for some of them human life begins with fertilization, for some others it begins with nidation, i.e., 14 days after fertilization. But since the first thesis is still the dominant one, we will rely on the assumption that human life starts with fecundation. 1

2025, self-published

$vvarmnal 2025 — Kraftt Ebbingg unfolds as a speculative treatise and fevered mythology, staging the volatile intimacy between Masobaby and the Unborn Monument—figures locked in a recursive ritual of impossible contact. Masobaby,... more

2025, Ds Derecho Y Salud

Este es el concepto que usaré en esta intervención. Tomándolo como previo a lo que se dirá, hay que ver cuáles son las técnicas que pretenden una mejor protección de la persona frente a tecnologías. Seguramente, la conclusión será que los derechos fundamentales son los que sufren las agresiones y que a la vez, son el mecanismo de protección. A este complejo planteamiento pretende responder esta intervención. PERSONA. 3. Aunque no estoy capacitada, por mi formación de derecho positivo, para repensar el concepto de Bioética, sí que creo conveniente hacer un pequeño resumen de las actuales tendencias en este ámbito, ni que sea para centrar la posterior reflexión. Es bien sabido que aunque el término "bioética" se empieza a usar en 1970, se acepta como fecha de nacimiento de la disciplina la conocida con el nombre de "Declaración de Belmont", de 1978, fecha de publicación en USA del informe de este nombre que enunciaba tres principios que debían regir en la práctica médica: el de respecto a las personas, el de beneficencia o no nomaleficencia y el de justicia 4 . No voy a intentar ofrecer un concepto de bioética, porque en realidad no podría añadir más opiniones a las que se han venido formulando, de forma muy abundante, en los últimos años. Pero creo que resulta interesante 2

2025, Journal of Clinical Nursing

Aim. The aim of this paper was to explore the issues surrounding the spirit of the unborn child.Background. Pregnancy and birth have been recognised to have a spiritual nature by women and health professionals caring for them. Midwives and nurses are expected to have a holistic approach to care. I suggest that for care to be truly holistic exploration is required of the spiritual nature of the unborn fetus.Methods. Historical, philosophical and religious views of the spirit of the fetus, are explored as well as those of women. Investigation was made of views of the timing of ‘ensoulment’.Results. The review demonstrates the value women place on the sacredness of pregnancy and birth, and that the spiritual nature of the unborn should be recognised.Conclusion. This paper shows that the views and values women have of pregnancy and birth and the powerful, spiritual relationship they have with the unborn, indicates that further discussion and research needs to be carried out in this...

2025, Cambridge University Press eBooks

The 1991 European Court of Justice ("ECJ" or "the Court") 1991 ruling in The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children v. Grogan 1 is often overlooked by reproductive and human rights advocates, as they do not view the ruling as a canon. Commentators have criticized the Court for failing to find that Ireland's ban on the distribution of information pertaining to abortion clinics in Great Britain was a violation of the law of the European Union ("EU"). Although striking down Ireland's ban would have been a more powerful message than upholding it, the judges' reasoning nevertheless laid out important rules of interpretation in favor of women's reproductive rights. Consequently, this chapter suggests that the ECJ's ruling in Grogan should be studied under a new light, as the Court, in fact, made a significant contribution to women's reproductive rights. The context of the case is as follows. Under common law, abortion was a misdemeanor. In 1861, Great Britain's Offenses Against the Person Act criminalized abortion. The Offenses Against the Persons Act was confirmed in 1979 by the Irish Health Act, which added to the prohibition on abortion in Ireland a prohibition on the sale, importation, manufacture, advertisement and display of abortifacients. In 1983, an amendment to the Irish Constitution was adopted by referendum, according to which, "[t]he State acknowledges the right to life of the unborn and, with due regard to the equal right to life of the mother, guarantees in its laws to respect, and as far as practicable, by its laws to defend and vindicate that right." 2 This set of rules made Ireland the

2025

Artículo 1°. Objeto de la ley. La presente ley tiene por objeto reconocer y garantizar el derecho de la mujer durante el embarazo, trabajo de parto, parto, posparto y duelo gestacional y perinatal con libertad de decisión, consciencia y respeto; así como reconocer y garantizar los derechos de los recién nacidos. Artículo 2°. Ámbito de aplicación. La presente ley regirá en tod(.~ el territorio nacional, de conformidad con el enfoque diferencial. Artículo 3°. Definiciones. Para la correcta aplicación de la presente ley entiéndase por: Alimentos: todo lo que es indispensable para el sustento, habitación , vestido, asistencia médica, recreación , educación o instrucción y, en genera!, todo lo que es necesario para el desarrollo integral. Los aliment05 comprenden ia obligación de proporcionar a la madre los gastos de embarazo y parto.

2025, medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

The use of cannabis for medicinal purposes is on the rise. As more people place their trust in the safety of prescribed alternative plant-based medicine and find it easily accessible, there is a growing concern that pregnant women may be increasingly using cannabis for medicinal purposes to manage their pregnancy symptoms and other health conditions. The aim of this review is to investigate the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes during pregnancy, describe the characteristics of the demographic population, and to measure the impact on the unborn child and up to twelve months postpartum. Research on pregnant women who use cannabis for medicinal purposes only and infants up to one year after birth who experienced in utero exposure to cannabis for medicinal purposes will be included in this review. Reviews, randomised controlled trials, case-control, cross-sectional and cohort studies, that have been peer reviewed and published between 1996 and April 2024 as a primary research paper that investigates prenatal use of cannabis for medicinal purposes on foetal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes, will be selected for review. Excluding cover editorials, letters, commentaries, protocols, conference papers and book chapters. Effects of illicit drugs use, alcohol misuse and nicotine exposure on neonate outcome will be controlled by excluding studies reporting on the concomitant use of such substances with cannabis for medicinal purposes during pregnancy. All titles and abstracts will be reviewed independently and in duplicate by at least two researchers. Records will be excluded based on title and abstract screening as well as publication type. Where initial disagreement exists between reviewers regarding the inclusion of a study, team members will review disputed articles' status until consensus is gained. Selected studies will then be assessed by at least two independent researchers for risk bias assessment using validated tools. Data will be extracted and analysed following a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology. The statistical analysis will combine three or more outcomes that are reported in a consistent manner. The systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the PRISMA guidelines to facilitate transparent reporting .

2025, Revista IUS

La doctrina tradicional reconoce preferentemente las adquisiciones inter vivos y mortis causa como consagración de la tutela de los eventuales derechos del concebido no nacido en el ámbito patrimonial; pero nada indica que sean las únicas manifestaciones de tal protección. La posibilidad de reconocer a un ser meramente concebido, a pesar del carácter sui generis que presenta por las propias condiciones en que se encuentra, ha sido admitida con notable generalidad como efecto favorable a su condición jurídica. El reconocimiento de la filiación de un hijo concebido puede estar contenido en testamento -con independencia de que sea común o especial-o en otro documento público. Las particularidades del reconocimiento filiatorio del concebido no nacido marcan las vicisitudes de la figura en el ámbito notarial.

2024

Abstract Abortion and Dignity of Human Life Introduction Abortion remains one of the most contentious issues in contemporary society, raising profound ethical, moral, and legal questions about the dignity of human life. The debate often... more

2024, Cultura y religión

Este artículo analiza las definiciones y prácticas orientadas al cuidado de la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres, y la sanación de situaciones vividas en torno a procesos corporales como menstruaciones, embarazos, partos y abortos, propuestas en los círcul os de mujeres y las redes de difusión de la espiritualidad femenina. Es un estudio de tipo cualitativo basado en participaciones observantes en círculos de mujeres y entrevistas a sus facilitadoras y participantes, realizadas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y Santa Fe, entre 2014 y 2021. Además, se analizan los contenidos que comparten las facilitadoras en sus redes sociales y una serie de libros que forman parte de sus recorridos de formación. Estos hallazgos son puestos en diálogo y comprendidos a la luz de un escenario de popularización de definiciones y prácticas de espiritualidad femenina, reconocimiento social y político de los feminismos, y de las políticas públicas de salud sexual y reproductiva de la Argentina contemporánea.

2024

Al Abogado y Maestro del universo, quien me ha dado sabiduría, conocimiento y la capacidad para alcanzar las metas propuestas. A mi hijo Mauro Iván, quien vino a ser parte de mi vida y me ha enseñado a superarme cada día. A mis profesores de Derecho de la UNIR, que son excelentes en sus orientaciones, en especial EL Lic. Mañón, una persona admirable profesionalmente. A mi madre, quien siempre estuvo para apoyarme. A mi padre, porque siempre acreditó en mí. Para todos aquellos que creen en la vida, y para todos aquellos que quieren ser parte de la humanidad y no pueden hablar por sí mismos.

2024, Bjog: An International Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

2024, International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences

Globally, people resort to traditional methods and healers for pregnancy termination; however, research focusing on traditional healers' perspectives about abortion are scarce. The objective of this qualitative study is to explore the perspectives and practices of traditional healers in Peru in relation to abortion. In-depth interviews were carried out with 20 traditional healers in the Piura Department in 2018. Participants recognized that women in their community seek menstrual regulation services given delayed menses or "retenciones" and acknowledged that pregnancy might or might not be the cause of menstrual delays. While most participants confirmed that they perform menstrual regulations, the majority denied practicing abortion services. This study shows the key role that traditional healers play in supporting their communities' sexual and reproductive health and acknowledges their perspectives and concerns in relation to abortion. It is essential that traditional medicine is respected and honored while developing strategies to eradicate abortion stigma.

2024, Prenatal Rights

Does the unborn child have any legal personhood and human rights? This book represents a legal study of the status of a child in the prenatal stage (from the moment of fertilisation until birth). It explores relevant case law from international courts, quasi-judicial human rights tribunals, and legislation in various jurisdictions to provide an overview of the legal situation of children in the prenatal stage de lege lata and de lege ferenda.

2024

En principio, el ejercicio de la medicina pediatrica no deberia presentar ninguna diferencia en relacion con el ejercicio de la medicina en los adultos 1 y, en consecuencia, las respuestas juridicas no habrian de ser sustancialmente diferentes, ya que el valor de la vida de un nino es el mismo que la de un adulto 2 . Ahora bien, es cierto que cuando nos encontramos ante un recien nacido existen

2024, South African Journal of Bioethics and Law

This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.

2024

En la jurisprudencia contemporanea se esta construyendo un derecho-moral de caracter absoluto que sobre todo en el area bioetica esta utilizandose contra derechos fundamentales de raigambre tradicional. El capitulo recorre algunas de las... more

2024

Informe sobre regulación de investigación con células troncales, clonación de embriones humanos y utilización de embriones congelados sobrantes de la Fivet en investigación en estas áreas específicas.

2024, Acta Universitatis Carolinae Iuridica

After the 75th anniversary of adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, we can state that some of its provisions still cause discussions about a basic and inherent right-the right to life. Getting a new "breath" after the Roe v. Wade case's overturning, the battle between women's abortion rights supporters and the protectors of the right to life for the unborn seems to get a new round. Worldwide experts in different fields start to find new arguments or remember the old ones to have solid proof in the discussions. It is too hard to find a more fundamental international document in the human rights field than the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which can be used in this case. Many scholars' papers claim that the Declaration is only for an already-born person and does not cover the unborn one. However, such a vision is incorrect and causes many misunderstandings and false interpretations of the international basis of human rights protection. This work will try to dispel the myth that the Declaration was written only for a born person. After analyzing hundreds of documents from the Declaration drafting process, using historical facts and drafters' statements, we hope to shed light on the real essence of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights about the right to life.

2024, Human systems

There exists a vast amount of research and literature on pregnant women struggling with substance use problems and the challenges they can face in providing adequate and sensitive parenting. The aim of the present study was to explore the thoughts about motherhood and their unborn child of pregnant women in voluntary or involuntary substance use treatment, and to gain insight into their childhood attachment experiences. A total of 16 women in involuntary or voluntary treatment were interviewed about their thoughts about motherhood, their unborn child, and the treatment they were receiving. A phenomenological/hermeneutic analytical approach was used. Four categories emerged from the analysis: Influences of childhood experience, on becoming a mother,

2024, Contemporary Sociology

2024, Revista Interdisciplinar de Direito

En lo que sigue, utilizaremos la dignidad humana como un parámetro estrictamente jurídico para la valoración, de igual índole, de las modernas biotecnologías reproductivas. Dicho de otro modo, sostenemos que la dignidad humana es un concepto no sólo relevante para la antropología fi losófi ca, para la bioética o para la fi losofía moral, sino que también lo es en estricta sede jurídica.

2024

Thesis: The article seeks to determine - from the examples of the three largest Europeaneconomies - whether economic development is linked to the development ofa liberal or more restrictive social policy on the protection of unborn life. The acceptedthesis is that: 1) the common direction for all analysed cases is the liberalization of thelaw; 2) the protection of unborn life in Germany, France and Great Britain is not wideenough to provide the necessary protection for the unborn.Discussed concepts: The article contains an analysis of the legal acts and case lawof Germany, France and Great Britain concerning the protection of unborn life.Results and conclusions: In both Germany, Great Britain and France, one commondirection for the development of the social sphere is adopted. It can be defi ned as thesystematic progressive liberalization of legal regulations in the fi eld of legal protectionof unborn life. This corresponds to the gradual widening of the protection of the rightsof pr...

2024, Laws

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACrtHR) has developed in recent years an innovative jurisprudence that has integrated the entity and extension of States’ obligations regarding children’s rights—as established in Article 19 ACHR—through the evolutive, dynamic, and effective interpretation of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). In fact, by acknowledging the existence of an international corpus juris for the protection of children’s rights, the Court has examined this provision in the light of instruments enshrined within the corpus juris, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. This process of normative integration was not only limited to the application of international instruments adopted outside of the Inter-American system, but also includes internal references to interconnected rights recognised within the American Convention. Consequently, by analysing the scope of Article 19 ACHR in the light of Article 4 ACHR (right to life) and the corpus ...

2024, Perceptions in Reproductive Medicine

The purpose of this commentary is to clarify an alternative point of view in regard to the semantic differentiation that has been promoted as true fact which claims that a fetus is not a real person and as such cannot be called or treated as a baby. Advocates of the reproductive rights insist that a fetus is not a baby unless a passage of rights is earned by leaving the mother

2024, Canadian Medical Association Journal

The two highest-ranking winners of the 2011 CIHR/CMAJ competition for Top Achievements in Health Research are Daniel Drucker, and Gideon Koren and colleagues for the Motherisk team. In the following essay, Dr. Koren and colleagues describe the work of the Motherisk team in the area of fetalmaternal toxicity. The essay by Dr. Drucker and synopses of the other four winning achievements are available at www.cmaj.ca.

2024, Debate Feminista

Yo ahí ya furiosa empecé a insistir que no, que yo no quería llegar al noveno mes, que no, que eso no entraba en discusión, que yo tenía derecho a decidir, que si el bebé se iba morir, yo quería interrumpir el embarazo ahora. Ana * Este artículo recibió el tercer premio del concurso de ensayos "Peligros para la vida y la salud de la madre. Su significación actual", organizado por el Foro por los Derechos Derechos Reproductivos, Argentina, septiembre de 1999. Y fue publicado en: Aborto no punible.

2024, Ginekologia Polska

Komisja Kodyfikacyjna Prawa Karnego, działająca przy Ministrze Sprawiedliwości, przygotowała propozycje zmian w Kodeksie Karnym, dotyczącego przestępstw przeciwko zdrowiu i życiu, które zostały przedstawione opinii publicznej w 2013 r. W projekcie przewidziano ochronę dziecka w fazie prenatalnej, wprowadzając nową kategorię podmiotu, podlegającego ochronie, jakim jest "dziecko poczęte", "dziecko poczęte zdolne do życia poza organizmem matki". Przepisy te przewidywały odpowiedzialność karną matki oraz odpowiedzialność personelu medycznego (lekarza), a także ojca dziecka poczętego w takim zakresie, w jakim ciążył na nim obowiązek podejmowania czynności zmierzających do ratowania dziecka poczętego. Na lekarzu spoczywa bowiem obowiązek szczególnej troski o zdrowie ludzkie i życie jako osobie, która dysponuje szczególną wiedzą medyczną wynika przede wszystkim z art. 30 ustawy o zawodach lekarza i lekarza dentysty. Zaproponowane zmiany przepisów nie zostały w obecnej kadencji Sejmu (2011-2015) skierowane na drogę postępowania ustawodawczego, jednak ze względu na rozwój medycyny, w tym diagnostyki ultrasonograficznej, która daje możliwość wizualizacji dziecka, które porusza się w łonie matki i traktowane jest jako odrębny byt z wyodrębnionymi cechami osobniczymi, daje podstawy do twierdzenia, że problematyka statusu prawnego dziecka poczętego, w szczególności w kontekście spowodowania śmierci dziecka w ostatniej fazie przed urodzeniem na skutek błędu lekarskiego lub innych oddziaływań zewnętrznych powróci w dyskusji publicznej.

2024

The idea of abortion has been on the rise in recent years, whether to abort an unwanted pregnancy or keep it. So many pro-abortion activists have been in full support, while the anti-abortionists have contrived against it. But the greatest question is, Is abortion the right option? Abortion is the state of expulsion of an embryo from a uterus (womb) before it reaches gestation. This can be through taking of pills or surgery. This results in haemorrhage, uterus perforation, infections and untimely death of the mother. There are two perspectives to consider when discussing the potential emotional and financial impact on victims of rape, domestic violence, and diseases.

2024, Children

How expectant fathers think and feel about the unborn child (prenatal representations), has shown associations with fathers’ postnatal parenting behaviors, observed father–infant interactional quality and child cognitive development. There is limited knowledge about fathers’ prenatal representations. The present study examined if fathers’ partner-related attachment styles were related to their prenatal representations of the unborn child. In the “Little in Norway Study”, an ongoing prospective, longitudinal population-based study, 396 expectant fathers completed the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale at enrollment (mean gestational week = 23.76, SD = 4.93), and in gestational weeks 27–35 completed three questions assessing prenatal representations. Correlations of attachment style and prenatal representations were reported using logistic regression analyses. We found that an avoidant attachment style by fathers were predicted to have absent or negative representations on all t...

2024, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

2024, Civitas

This work studied the defense yet unborn child conceived and recognition of the unborn in cases concerning its good in the Venezuelan legal system. The overall objective of the review was aimed at native legal standards regarding safeguarding life from conception in the womb. This is therefore a documentary research, where we analyzed the domestic and foreign doctrine on the protection of the unborn, their recognition also took into account the provisions of the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of Church on abortion and the defense of life, we also analyzed national laws dealing with the subject under study. It was concluded that although Venezuelan law does not clearly express the defense of life from the moment of conception, recognizes the rights of the unborn in the case of the well; taking this into account is an extensive analysis using hermeneutics legal standard to determine that protects the life of the unborn as the most precious thing man has is the right to life.

2024, Children (Basel)

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2024, Humanities science current issues

2024, The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly

Does international law protect the unborn from abortion? In Human Rights and the Unborn Child, R ita Joseph says it does. The question is important because activists allied with UN human rights experts now claim that abortion is an international legal obligation. Catholic and developing world courts and legislatures are under pressure to submit and remove legal protections for the unborn. Sadly, this stratagem has already worked in one country, Colombia. In the midst of the fray, Joseph turns the argument of the activists on its head: the international treaties that activists misrepre sent to claim an abortion right actually bind nations to criminalize abortion. The crux of her argument is that if we eschew our "twenty-first century bias" and restore an original understanding of these documents, we cannot help but agree. In the two chapters regarding abortion based on sex selection and disability, Joseph extends the obligation to international criminal tribunals as well, concluding that such abortions represent a crime against humanity. From her first introductory chapter, Joseph builds the case for "inclusive mean ing" of the term "children" in the founda tional human rights documents, the 1948 Universal Declaration of Hum an Rights (UDHR) and subsequent UN human rights texts. Following chapters analyze legislative histories of regional treaties from Europe, Latin America, and Africa, then argue that the "child at risk of abortion" and "children before birth" are a group or "class" deserv ing special protection. While abortion advocates work to dehu m anize this group w ith term s such as "unborn fetus" and "embryo" in the lawsuits they bring against pro-life governments, Joseph shows that these terms are purpose fully absent in the texts. In one example, she notes that even the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, not known for its pro-life stance, refers to the "the child before

2024, Perceptions in reproductive medicine

2023

The argument of this paper is that international courts, when pressured to act quickly on behalf of a victim whose human rights may have been infringed, will tend to disregard the requirements of international law in order to provide some immediate assistance to the victim. "Provisional measures," which require the international court or the human rights body to act quickly to avoid serious, imminent, irreparable damage to persons, tend to be the chosen legal instrument for such action. Provisional measures are normally granted within weeks or sometimes in as short as one day, whereas the decision on a case can take years, or even decades. 1 As one commentator noted, "[W]hen there is a possibility of imminent and irreparable harm to persons, the protective aspect of provisional measures may be of more value than the compensatory function of a final judgment." 2 BACKGROUND In 1979, when I first started to work as a staff lawyer at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (Inter-American Commission or Commission), when we received a new petition, we determined whether the Commission had jurisdiction over the potential case and whether the petition was prima facie admissible in order to begin to process it. That meant that the respondent State against which the petition was filed had to be a member state of the Organization *Retired Principal Specialist of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Organization of American States (1979-2012). Adjunct Professor at Georgetown U. Law Centre (2005-present); Co-Chair of the "Human Rights in Times of Emergency" Committee of the International Law Association; Member of the Board of Directors of Amnesty International USA. This paper is a more extensive version of a presentation made at the U.

2023, PubMed

Hospitals with academic activities offer better services to their patients. The Government of Buenos Aires City (GBAC) has an important network of health facilities, but there is little information regarding their academic activities. Our aim was to estimate the proportion of articles included in MEDLINE originated in GBAC hospitals, to evaluate their contribution regarding the whole country (Argentina), and to describe some characteristics of these papers. It is a cross-sectional study based on a MEDLINE search, using the name of each of the 33 GBAC hospitals in the "affiliation" field. Among 22 million references, 1781 belonged to GBAC hospitals (4.4% of all references from Argentina); 66.5% were in English, 83.7% were related to humans, 30.1% were from the last 5 years, 8.3% included high level scientific evidence research (meta-analysis or randomized controlled trials), and 31.1% included research in children. Regarding the rest of the references from Argentina, those from GBAC hospitals included less papers in English (66.5% vs. 90.0%; OR: 0.22; p < 0.0001), less recent papers (30.1% vs. 34.6%; OR: 0.81; p < 0.0001), more research in humans (83.7% vs. 37.3%; OR: 8.65; p < 0.0001), more randomized controlled trials (8.0% vs. 2.8%; OR: 2,9; p < 0.0001), and more research in children (31.1% vs. 9.2%; OR: 4.44; p < 0.0001). GBAC hospitals contributed with 4.4% of references attributed to Argentina in MEDLINE. References from GBAC hospitals were less recent, and included more randomized controlled trials and research in children.

2023, Social Science Research Network

2023, The Rutgers International Law and Human Rights Journal

International law impacts constitution-making processes: international agencies act as advisors or observers in constitutional replacement mechanisms, along with the global dialogue between international law and domestic law, whereby constitutions expressly incorporate international law (especially, on human rights), enact norms with international law in mind, or straightforwardly constitutionalize international human rights treaties. This Article explores the impact of international law on the constituent process in Chile, which took a different and untrodden path, by expressly establishing a duty to ensure that the future constitutional text “respect...the international treaties ratified by Chile and currently in force.” Although such duty was political rather than legal in nature, international law—in particular, human rights law—played a key role in the work of the first Constitutional Convention. While the literature often depicts international human rights law as being “the floor not the roof,” Chile’s constituent process shows that international human rights law can also operate as a limit to constitutional innovations.

2023, UUM journal of legal studies

The contention that an unborn child has the right to life has been visited with several oppositions from all works of life, all over the world. Most people do not accept the view that an unborn child possesses any form of human right which is to be protected because, that child is yet to be born into the world. It is however an established fact that, the fundamental principle of international human right instrument is to uphold the dignity and sanctity of all human persons, whether born or unborn. This shows that international human right instruments are founded on the basis of natural law. This study set out to investigate the core principle of international human right law. By so doing, the actual values and tenents of international human right law will be revealed. This is a doctrinal research, wherein the authors set out on a fact finding mission using selected articles, books and periodicals to bring out the objective of the study. At the end of the exercise, it was revealed that no international human right law will perpetrate a principle in opposition to natural law. This being the case, the unborn child, like any other living being is vested with the inalienable right to life.

2023, Journal of Perinatal Education

In this article, we discuss the intuitive knowledge mothers have of their unborn baby. We propose a shift in focus from caregivers' merely providing information to first listening to pregnant mothers as they share their intuitive knowledge of their baby. This approach enables mothers and fathers or partners to know they are already parents to their unborn baby and empowers them to get in touch with their baby's presence and who he or she is during pregnancy. This intuitive knowledge may be a protective behavior that will enable mothers to keep babies safe during pregnancy.

2023, Kutafin University law review

There is no unified position as regards the legal status of the embryo in Europe. Most International laws discard the possibility of recognising an absolute right to life to an embryo or foetus. The European Court of Human Rights had several occasions to consider, and express itself on this question, but has always avoided giving a clear opinion-leaving open the question of whether Art. 2 ECHR also covers life before birth. In the recent Parillo case it has been noted that it raises sensitive moral and ethical issues with a wide margin of appreciation for the States. Although there is no European consensus on the subject, it seems that in the 21 st century, the human embryo begins to enjoy a gradual protection and in some situations the law acknowledges some rights associated with it.