Urban Spatial Structure Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle

Az írás a folyamatosan kollektív fejlesztés alatt álló "A magyar pszichológiatörténet digitális múzeuma és archívuma" weboldalt ismerteti (pszichologiatortenet.hu). A weboldal a magyar pszichológia történetét mutatja be a kezdetektől a rendszerváltást követő évekig. A tartalom magában foglal arcképcsarnokot, idővonalakat, digitális kiállításokat és pszichológiatörténeti sétákat is. A cél a magyar pszichológiatörténet iránti érdeklődés felkeltése, a különböző történeti korok alatti fejlődés feldolgozása. Az oldal alapító-szerkesztője Szokolszky Ágnes.

2025, Smart Cities

Compared with administrative cities, natural cities can be generally referred to as the areas generated based on the density of different urban facilities (e.g., point of interest, road network, etc.). To some extent, natural cities are outperformed in some related urban studies, such as urban living structure analysis. Nevertheless, traditional ways of generating natural cities are mostly limited to the planar space. Modern cities such as Hong Kong are vertical cities with high buildings, 3D road networks and land uses. Therefore, traditional nature cities could be biased when applied to 3D cities. In this work, a 3D road network in Hong Kong is adopted to extract true road intersections and generate modified natural cities to explore urban living structures. Numerous living structure units are classified into two parts: tiny and serried ones representing natural cities and vast ones representing rural areas. The classification method applies head/tail breaks, and a clustering algo...

2025, Sustainability

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the urban spatial structure in developing countries. In China, studies have shown that many mega cities or big cities have been transformed into polycentric spatial structures. However, polycentric spatial structures' impact on urban development requires further empirical research, including in relation to land price, commuting, and population distribution. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper discusses employment subcenters' rise and evolution on residential land prices. Using the land transaction data for 2001-2013, this paper analyzes the residential market characteristics in terms of their temporal and spatial variation and studies the impact of employment subcenters on residential land prices

2025

A city is a very complex object. Its complexity is compounded by its constantly evolving shape and structure. To try to understand a city's inner mechanisms we have to develop models that are simple enough to be easily understandable but accurate enough to be operationally useful. This paper attempts to present this type of simplification. Our objective is to provide a tool that planners can use to implement municipal development strategies. These strategies may concern the quality of the environment, the efficiency of infrastructure network, the growth of employment, or housing affordability. The job of the urban planner is to identify the type of spatial organization that is compatible with the municipal strategy, and the regulatory tools and infrastructure investments that will allow a city to evolve from its current spatial organization to the one implied by the strategy. The complex economic and social relations that gave rise to the emergence of large cities produce a physical outcome -the urban built-up space -which can be mapped and measured. While we may never know with precision the nature of the forces that produced the built-up space we are at least able to measure the end result. The new technology developed during the last 30 years -satellite imagery, digital mapping and geographical information systems -allow us to have a much better knowledge of the urban shape than was the case in the past. At the same time, because the number of megacities in the world is increasing rapidly, monitoring and managing their spatial expansion is much more complex than in the past. How to define a city's spatial structure?: The spatial structure of a city can be defined by two complementary components: first, the spatial distribution of population as recorded by census data and second, the pattern of trips made by people when they go from their residence to their place of work, to schools, shops, social gatherings and to any other places where they will have a productive or social activity. The spatial distribution of population is therefore a static representation of the city when its people are at home, while the pattern of trips is a schematic view of the complex trajectories that these same people will follow during the time they are not at home.

2025

Urban spatial structures are shaped by market forces interacting with regulations, primary infrastructure investments and taxes. They are usually the unintended result of unforeseen consequences of policies and regulations that were designed without any particular spatial concerns. However, different urban spatial organizations perform differently. For instance, some urban shapes are unfavorable to the development of public transport; others tend to increase the efficiency of public transport while reducing residential floor consumption. Urban spatial structures are very resilient and they evolve only very slowly. For this reason, a city's spatial structure significantly reduces the range of available development options.

2025

The New Territories of British Hong Kong were at the forefront of the Cold War in the 1950s. A case study of the modern town development of Luen Wo Market from 1947 to 1979—which involves the British colonials in Hong Kong, Indigenous Inhabitants in the New Territories, immigrants from Mainland China, and foreign Christians from abroad—provides a nuanced understanding of the spatial complexity of the Cold War frontier with high liminality and porosity in British Hong Kong. With a detailed discussion of the architectures and activities on the ground, I argue that the townscape of the Cold War frontier in Luen Wo Market was characterized by a sense of impermanence, and the cultural hybridity under collaborative colonialism and covert anticommunism.

2025, Journal of Planning Literature

This article first provides a critical scoping review of empirical literature on the relationship between urban structure and travel in China. The review finds that residential suburbanization alone increases travel, polycentric development has mixed effects, and jobs-housing balance reduces travel. Second, this article compares the empirical findings of the urban structure-travel relationships in China with those observed in other countries, and it identifies contextual factors that can explain the differing relationships in China. We suggest that future research improve data and methodology and broaden the research scope to investigate the complex mechanisms that affect the urban structure-travel relationship in China.

2025, Journal of Planning Literature

This article first provides a critical scoping review of empirical literature on the relationship between urban structure and travel in China. The review finds that residential suburbanization alone increases travel, polycentric development has mixed effects, and jobs–housing balance reduces travel. Second, this article compares the empirical findings of the urban structure–travel relationships in China with those observed in other countries, and it identifies contextual factors that can explain the differing relationships in China. We suggest that future research improve data and methodology and broaden the research scope to investigate the complex mechanisms that affect the urban structure–travel relationship in China.

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

How persistent is public goods provision in a comparative perspective? We explore the link between infrastructure investments made during antiquity and the presence of infrastructure today, as well as the link between early infrastructure and economic activity both in the past and in the present, across the entire area under dominion of the Roman Empire at the zenith of its geographical extension (117 CE). We find a remarkable pattern of persistence showing that greater Roman road density goes along with (a) greater modern road density, (b) greater settlement formation in 500 CE, and (c) greater economic activity in 2010. Interestingly, however, the degree of persistence in road density and the link between early road density and contemporary economic development is weakened to the point of insignificance in areas where the use of wheeled vehicles was abandoned from the first millennium CE until the late modern period. Taken at face value, our results suggest that infrastructure may be one important channel through which persistence in comparative development comes about.

2025

Economic development city affected by the developments in Semarang City with some areas of origin, one of which the trade and services Pasar Johar. Workers who are in the area is the circular migrants. Without the intervention of the government to make their living space to make the slum. In fact, they play a role as a driver of economic turnaround actor regions, cities , and regions of origin. How do the characteristics of circular migrants and aspects of the needs of living in Johar Market area in Semarang City? Positivistic paradigm used in this study. Quantitative descriptive analysis techniques are used to present the results of the questionnaire, and then more deeply through qualitative descriptive analysis. This research is based on primary survey of the characteristics of migrants to see sikuler and its aspects through worker of circular migrant characteristic, settlement, and activities of both the formal and informal sectors that affect the needs of settlement. An association for the export of special production from region, the origin area far from Semarang City so desperately need a place to stay, which are located close to their work places in the city center. 6m2 minimum space requirement needs to be maintained. Boro enough to lodge facilities together are a place to rest, bathroom and toilet washing, drying clothes, warehouse for merchandise, television room, maintained stalls, as well as rental prices are kept low with the daily system. Their work does not affect the residence requirement, because they are equally informal workers in both the formal and informal sectors. If the requirements can be met where they live, it can be controlled with either the number of permanent migrants in the city of Semarang and its long-term impact.

2025, Ruang

2025

Railway transport accessibility is widely recognized as one of the key factors stimulating spatial development. This dependency was particularly evident during periods of its greatest significance before the era of mass motorization. Despite growing research interest in the issue of relationship between transport and land use, few studies have considered this subject in long-term perspective and in quantitative terms. The primary objective of this study is to determine historical, long-term impact of railway transport on the dynamics of morphological changes in the settlement network. This study was conducted in the eight largest urban agglomerations in Poland, serving as an example of the Central and Eastern European region. The general temporal scope of the study spans the period from 1842 to 1989. The research revealed a strong correlation between railway transport and morphological changes in analyzed urban agglomerations. The most significant changes observed within 1,600 meters of railway stations and up to 20 kilometers from central stations. This quantitative analysis contributed to understanding the long-term impact of railways on spatial development, offering valuable insights for planning and policymaking. The research emphasized the importance of historical context in comprehending current spatial processes, particularly in the context of new railway investments.

2025, Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences / Volume 4 - Number 5 – 2017

Open space represent one of the most important aspects of urban environment which affects our life each single day and usually people have a good relation with them, and as there are an outdoor open spaces there are also inner ones that usually people involve with it most of time, Atriums represents one of these spaces which consider large covered central courtyard acts as an attraction area where humans interact & communicate with each other as gathering place ,relaxing ,galleries and exhibitions. Shopping malls owns such spaces which acts effectively when it described in two ideas; business success and architectural success. The research will focus on the architectural success by specifying the occupational efficiency of atriums, although previous literatures covered many architectural aspects of these atriums but, the research noticed weakness in the relation between architectural design factors and users in atrium, regarding physical factors and occupational efficiency which declare as a density of using atriums in Malls that have been explained in two parts (Theoretical and Practical).the research focus on analyzing five malls in Erbil city.

2025

The poverty rate of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics in the Chicago city decreased between 1990 and 2000. The picture provided by the decrease in poverty rate alone is incomplete and potentially misleading. This research proposes more comprehensive measure of neighborhoods. Track-level data from the 1990 and 2000 censuses are used to identify distressed communities and severely distressed communities within the official 77 communities in the Chicago city. Results show that despite the booming economy of the 1990s and encouraging turnarounds in Chicago city as a whole, neighborhood distress worsened in some communities. The greatest deterioration occurred in southern communities. Blacks fared worse than Whites and Hispanics in most communities in terms of the neighborhood distress index.

2025

This paper will examine two of the main megaprojects in Mexico City: Santa Fe and the Reforma Corridor. We will analyze how the internationalization of real ...

2025, Alteridades

VATE SPACES IN SANTA FE, MEXICO CITY. Mexico City's public space has been the target of numerous debates. Most authors draw profoundly pessimistic observations, noting an increasing commodification of the urban landscape, escalating crime and violence, social and spatial polarization and the more and more common exclusion practices. Globalization is extensively held to be a core cause of these problems. Pressures to be better positioned in the global city hierarchy have provoked government support for a sequence of urban megaprojects that seem to present diluted rep-resentations of national or regional identities and to be inappropriately designed for the Mexican context. This article looks at the Santa Fe megaproject in Mexico City, arguing that seen through everyday practice these global spaces are decidedly differentiated and open possibilities for spatial appropriation transformation and subversion. Everyday contestation reveals "the local production of the global".

2025, Alteridades

2025

désre, ugrásszerűen terjed végig az idegsejt hosszú nyúlványán. Az ingerület terjedési sebes sége a rostok vastagságától függ. Vastagabb rostok gyorsabban vezetik az ingerületet. Művi abortusz: a terhesség mesterséges megszakítása (a 12. hétig). A megtermékenyített petéből fejlődő embrió elpusztítása és eltávolítása gyógyszerrel, leszívással, vagy méhen belüli műtéttel történik. Veszélyes, meddőséget, méhsérülést okozhat. Nyúltvelő (nyúltagy): az agytörzs része. A gerincvelő folytatása. Itt haladnak keresztül a fel-és leszálló pályák. Létfontosságú zsigeri központokat tartalmaz: légzés, vérkeringés, táplálkozás. Védekező reflexek központja: tüsszentés, köhögés, hányás, könnyezés. Táplálkozási reflexek: nyelés, szopás, emésztőnedvek elválasztása. Pálcikák: a szem ideghártyájának rétegében elhelyezkedő, hosszúkás alakú receptorsejtek, melyek a fény-árnyék változásra érzékenyek. A sárgafolton helyezkednek el nagyobb számban. A pálcikák fényre elbomló vegyülete a látóbíbor (rodopszin). Ez a kémiai változás váltja ki az ingerületet (számuk kb. 120 millió). Pupillareflex: feltétlen reflex. Erős fényre a pupilla szűkül, sötétben tágul. A két szem egyfor mán, összehangoltan működik. A szivárványhártyában lévő izmok az agytörzs szabályozó hatására megszabják a szembe jutó fény mennyiségét. Tobozmirigy: a nagyagy alján, a közti agy felső részén elhelyezkedő, körte alakú belső elválasztású mirigy. Hormonjait még alig ismerjük. A legújabb kutatások szerint valószínű, hogy a szervezet fejlődésére, a nemi érésre és ritmikus tevékenységek kialakulására is (biológiai óra) hatnak (pl. melatonm). Zöldhályog (glaukóma): a szem belső nyomásának káros fokozódása. A csarnokvíz elvezetési zavara. Fájdalmas, vaksághoz vezethet.

2025, Urban Studies

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the type of urban spatial structure, population density and the selected types of capital and current municipal expenditures. Seven types of urban spatial structures at the level of city blocks are defined. Different types of municipal expenditure (urban green, pavement, roadway and public lighting) are estimated by the data from 22 Czech cities and six city districts. The capital and current municipal expenditures are calculated for each urban structure per hectare and per capita. The most expensive urban structure per hectare is the urban structure of estates and high rises, which is caused by the large proportion of public space. On the other hand, single detached houses are the least costly. If the population density is taken into account and municipal expenditures are calculated per capita, the least costly urban structure is the urban block structure followed by the organic urban structure (historical centr...

2025

A primera vista, la zona Roma-Condesa parece hoy un espacio moldeado por la intervención de ciertos estilos de consumo impuestos hegemónicamente, aun-que, en realidad, como se busca demostrar en esta investigación, esta intervención surge "desde abajo" junto con los significados atribuidos por las personas a sus lugares de vida, trabajo y entretenimiento. A fin de cuentas, esta redefinición de los lugares ocupados por las personas en su vida cotidiana constituye, como señala García Canclini (2004: 41), una redefinición del lugar que ocupa la cultura en la vida social de los habitantes de este territorio urbano.

2025, A MINORITÁS POÉTIKÁI IV. / THE POETICS OF MINORITY IV

In my lecture I will examine the textual representations of Sarajevo from the beginning of the war and the siege of the city (1992–1995) until to the present. Apart from the changes in the image of Sarajevo resulting from these events, I am most interested in the way in which representations of the city are formed and the rhetorical-linguistic means of doing so. I will focus primarily on writings that do not present the city space solely in the setting of the story, but seek those ones, which textualise the city itself, its genius. In the essays of Dževad Karahasan, this endeavour has found in different forms. In his essay Portret unutrašnjeg grada, he provides a phenomenology of the city through an exact examination of its internal organisation through its architecture and its location. His memoir-like collection Dnevnik selidbe reflects on the city in the context of the siege, which, like his other writings, also incorporates narratives of alienation, exile and migration. In Sara i Serafina, and in his last novel, Uvod u lebdenje, the besieged city is represented. Miljenko Jergović’s Sarajevo: plan grada approaches the city through epic forms, the narrative of the localities that make up each chapter operating in a number of registers, from urban historical narratives to contemporary chronicles and autobiographical narratives. The narrator, who observes Sarajevo from a foreigner’s perspective, as well as his own past, also writes his own story into the city’s. Abdulah Sidran’s collection of poems, Sarajevski tabut, interprets the city as a historical genius from the perspective of the individual. Finally, I will examine Bogdan Bogdanović’s writings about Sarajevo (e.g. Sarajevo-čovek) and his statements about the war, Semezdin Mehmedinović’s depictions of the siege, and Nenad Veličković’s prose bounded to the city. In a comprehensive comparative analysis of Sarajevo representations, it is necessary to examine the rhetorical devices of textualising space. Among these, the change of urban metaphors is of particular importance. The paper will attempt to identify the most specific metaphors of the examined works and their changes in the literary discourse about the city.

2024

The negative exponential decline of population and employment density with distance from the center is examined for 16 large urban areas with two or three major centers. An additive model is used, with the predicted density for each census tract being the sum of the density estimated for the negative exponential decline from each center. The model works well for population density, producing results comparable to those for the large urban areas with single centers. As with employment density decline for the single-center areas, separate estimates of employment density decline are required for areas near the centers and farther from the centers.

2024, Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability

Modernization of Iranian cities during the 20th century has radically altered and, in some instances, completely destroyed parts of the historic fabric of cities. Two approaches have dominated efforts to address these impacts: development-driven and conservationdriven. Because both approaches originate outside the complex and fragile contexts of Iran's historic fabric, their respective and collective outcomes have proven neither logical nor practical. Scholars have proposed a third, context-driven option, which urban planners and municipal officials try to restore and preserve urban fabric according to their structure while also maintaining quality of life for residents. Applying the context-driven approach to the spatial structure of the Ali-Gholi-Agha quarter in Isfahan reveals one such discrete element: a semipublic type of space called "sahe-ja." By interrogating whether and to what extent sahe-ja serves as a determinative element in the quarter's historic urban fabric, this paper demonstrates the logic and practicality of the context-driven approach.

2024, MANUFACTURING HISTORY & FUTURE IN CLEAVELAND OHIO

The manufacturing industry in Cleveland had its start in the span of 6 decades since its founding. The move towards more manufacturing and away from reliance on agriculture and cottage industry came with the introduction of the iron-making industry and the byproducts of this industry. In the first forty years of its founding, Cleveland was mainly an agricultural village as well as a commercial center. With the coming of industry and manufacture came many immigrant communities from Europe, Asia, and from the American South in different phases. However, there was a period of decline in the industry due to external competition and dilapidation of industry. None the less, there has been a rebound in manufacturing in subsequent times and the future shows a lot of potential for the manufacturing industry in Cleveland. Cleveland became an industrial powerhouse in the 1830s fuelled by large immigrant numbers and remains a significant player in the American manufacturing space in the present and future.

2024, Hungarológiai Közlemények

A dolgozat Tolnai Ottó 1970-ben megjelent Ördögfej című ifjúsági regényével foglalkozik. A kiadás óta eltelt több mint ötven év; a mű recepciója mégis szegényes, a szakirodalom szinte alig említi, mintha megfeledkezett volna róla, nem tartaná relevánsnak Tolnainak ezt a korai prózai alkotását. Pedig közvetlenül első regénye, a Rovarház (1969) után kiadott Ördögfej is fontos munkája a szerzőnek. Ebben a fiatal olvasók számára íródott alkotásban már föltűnnek csíráiban Tolnai kedvenc, később is gyakran fölbukkanó motívumai, metaforái, jellegzetes kisvárosi, fura figurái. A tanulmány az Ördögfej formáló erejét vallatja, a képzőművészet szintjén megvalósuló írói eljárásának titkát kutatja.

2024, A minoritás poétikái IV. Nemzetközi tanácskozás.- The Poetics of Minority IV. International Conference: Rezümékötet - Book of Abstract. (2024)

2024, Journal of Regional Science

This paper analyzes the influence of transportation infrastructure, and in particular of the Regional Express Rail (RER), on employment and population growth in the Paris metropolitan area between 1968 and 2010. In order to make proper causal inference, we rely on historical instruments and control for all other transportation modes that could be complement or substitute to the RER. Our results show that proximity to a RER station increases employment and population density and, in particular, employment and population growth. The latter effects are higher in municipalities located near RER stations and close to employment (sub)centers. They are also found to be particularly strong for jobs in the service sector, for factory workers and for highly educated population. We find no impact of the RER expansion on employment growth during the first part of the period, while the effect on population growth appears earlier but declines over time.

2024, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

In this paper, we estimate the causal effect of highway and railroad improvements on the suburbanization of population in Europe's cities focusing on the role of their historic amenities. Using the variation in the origins and the endowments of these historic amenities in the centers of Europe's cities, our results suggest that the effect of transportation networks on suburbanization was significantly lower in cities with historic amenities. Specifically, cities of Roman, Medieval or Renaissance-Baroque origins that maintained their historical heritage were more resilient to suburbanization caused by highway construction.

2024

We study whether local land use policies are modified in response to enhanced demand for building generated by the construction of a new highway, and examine the extent to which this mediating effect of land use regulations affects building activity. Our analysis focuses on the case of Spain during the last housing boom, 1995-2007. For this period, we assembled a new database with information about new highway segments and details about the modification of the zoning status of land in nearby municipalities. The empirical strategy compares the variation in the amount of developable land before-after the construction of the highway in treated municipalities and in control municipalities with similar pre-treatment traits, this latter group being selected using matching techniques. Our results show that, following the construction of a highway, municipalities converted a huge amount of land from rural to urban uses. The amount of land converted after the construction of the highway was greater: (i) the stronger the demand shock, and (ii) the easier it was to build out, but also (iii) the lower the amount of vacant land to start with, and (iv) the less the opposition expressed by locals. We also show that new highways have an impact on building activity.

2024

The main goal of this paper is to provide evidence for the causal effect of the highway and railway infrastructure on the suburbanization of population in European cities. This is considered a major issue in Europe, which has never been studied before at this scale. We constructed a unique population and transport infrastructure dataset covering 579 cities from 29 European countries during the period 1961- 2011. We have included different measures of highways and railways on suburbanization and we have estimated their joint effect using a panel IV approach. Our main specification, where we jointly estimate the effect of highways and railways, suggest that an additional high- way ray displaced approximately 6% of the central city population in European cities during the period 1961-2011 on average, whereas the same estimate for radial railways was roughly 2%. We will also employ the heterogeneity of the European regions and cities in order to detect different patterns of the same eff...

2024, Energy Policy & Economics eJournal

We estimate the causal effect of highway and railroad improvements on the suburbanization of population in Europe's cities focusing on the role of their historic amenities. Using the variation in the origins and the endowments of these historic amenities in the centers of Europe's cities, our results suggest that the effect of transportation networks on suburbanization was significantly lower in cities with historic amenities. Specifically, cities of Roman, Medieval or Renaissance-Baroque origins that maintained their historical heritage were more resilient to suburbanization caused by highway construction.

2024

Data for census tracts from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamic program are used to test the hypothesis that employment density declines as a negative exponential function of distance from the center for 39 large urban areas. Problems are encountered in the estimation of the model, with log linear estimates unsatisfactory and nonlinear estimation producing some unreasonable results. An ad hoc procedure is used to slightly modify the data, yielding results that are more plausible. However these estimated functions underpredict densities in areas away from the center. The decline of employment density is better described using two negative exponential functions of distance, one having a steeper decline for areas in the inner portion of the urban area and the second a more gradual decline in the outer areas. This supports the hypothesis that employment in the outer areas should be related to population, with the decline of employment density mirroring the decline of population density.

2024

El objetivo de este documento es analizar la dinamica que esta ejerciendo en la ciudad, la conformacion de una aglomeracion economica relacionada principalmente con la localizacion de empresas de servicios de alimentos y bebidas, ubicadas en la zona “Chapultepec”, en el centro del municipio de Guadalajara, Jalisco, a partir de su asociacion con las industrias culturales y su impulso a traves de politicas publicas –economicas y territoriales-, en la entidad. Se sostiene que la localizacion de este tipo de actividades economicas en espacios centrales, transforma la ciudad de manera compleja: si bien por lado su ubicacion se relaciona con su herencia historica, tambien refleja las tensiones sociales, los modos de vida de sus habitantes y su sobre todo las fuerzas economicas que para el caso estan en funcion al fomento de funciones del binomio cultura-turismo, asi como del desarrollo urbano de la metropoli. El analisis realizado se centra en la transformacion de la estructura economica,...

2024, Proceedings of the 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress

Istanbul is a unique part of the world because of not only its history, but also its function as a bridge from the point of economic, social and cultural interrelations. There are many cities, which are settled near a water source; however, Istanbul is the only city that is settled between two continents and two seas. All these features create some opportunities and threats for the city in terms of hinterland relations and the spatial structure. This paper aims to find out the economic, social and cultural impact of globalization on the spatial structure and the hinterland relations of Istanbul while discussing the city’s contradictory positions as an edge of Europe and as a bridge between the East and the West. Within this scope, we made a multiscale analysis considering interregional and inter-urban relations and their socio-spatial imprints within the boundaries of the city. Firstly, we made a comparative analysis to understand the changing position of Istanbul in the world in th...

2024

Mediante este trabajo pretendemos mostrar las particulares características de las bases de datos catastrales en formato digital (tanto la base espacial como la temática) y la manera de preparar esta información codificada y estructurada, de la manera más conveniente, para permitir su manejo mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica, con la intención de poder realizar una gestión territorial adecuada. Con el fin de mostrar la potencialidad que ofrece esta particular fuente de información geográfica, hemos empleado los datos referidos al municipio de Getafe, en la zona sur de la aglomeración urbana madrileña, con la intención de definir una metodología que nos permita identificar la tipología de las unidades básicas de la ciudad.

2024, Quivera

This article shows the advance of the productive transformations and tertiary sectors' diffusion in the economic field of the Rio Lerma's high basin. The model of richness production, started in Mexico since the 80's, represented the concentrated of efficiency in some economic structures branches. With the consequent transference of resources and manufactures' deteriorate, reinforcing the tertiary sector. On balance, it glimpses a reduce in the tertiary sector according to the intensify of industrial crisis and loss of the formal economy. Consequently, the territorial diffusion derived of the flexibility stills very weak. It is demarcate by the urban's and territorial's structure capacity.

2024

Data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) program are used to examine the location of employment in 55 large urban areas. Three measures of location are used-the percent of employment in the urban core, the older portion of the urban area; the percent of employment in the central area encompassing the central business district (CBD) and surrounding area with significant nonresidential use; and an index of employment centralization comparing the mean distance to the center for jobs with the mean distance had those jobs had been uniformly distributed across the urban area. Average levels of these measures and their variation are examined across the urban areas, over time from 2002 to 2019, and across regions. Employment location by industry is presented for employment in the 20 sectors of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The location of employment is compared with the location of the population in the urban areas.

2024, Reflexiones sobre el espacio en las ciencias sociales: enfoques, problemas y líneas de investigación

El efecto del espacio en la organización económica se refleja
de forma evidente en una distribución desigual en el territorio de
las actividades económicas, su naturaleza y la acumulación de sus
beneficios. Desafortunadamente, el desarrollo económico en la
era de la globalización sigue generando una geografía desigual,
hay países que siguen capturando el crecimiento con mayor ve-
locidad y acumulando ventajas sobre otros. La concentración de
población en megaciudades no se ha revertido, y la especializa-
ción económica de las ciudades a lo largo de la jerarquía urbana
nacional y global en buena medida explica su posición en ella. Así,
la desigualdad económica entre naciones y regiones dentro de los
países sigue siendo un problema fundamental. La necesidad de
erradicar o disminuir tales diferencias o generar desarrollo en los
lugares donde nos interesa hacerlo es una de las vertientes de polí-
tica pública más estudiadas y, sin embargo, más difíciles de llevar a cabo con éxito. La globalización —la posibilidad de dispersar
inversión y conectarse a redes de información desde cualquier lu-
gar— no lo ha hecho más fácil; ésta, entendida como el fin de la
geografía, no trae consigo una convergencia o disminución de
las desigualdades regionales. El proceso de desarrollo económi-
co en el que la economía crece y se transforma, en el que apa-
recen nuevos productos, tecnologías y empresas, es complejo y
está íntimamente ligado a la geografía que simultáneamente cons-
truye y a la que se adecua en un proceso evolutivo y de retroa-
limentación.

2024, Közösségi Kapcsolódások

A tanulmány az olvasás kulturális technikájának jelenkori helyzetével és várható jövőjével foglalkozik. A vizsgálódás a paideia-elmélet kontextusába helyezve közelíti meg a kérdést, azaz az olvasást az integrált autonóm személlyé válás egyik előfeltételeként értelmezi. Az elemzés célja, hogy empirikus vizsgálati eredményeket kutúrafilozófiai kontextusba helyezve a digitális kor kultúrájának olyan összefüggéseire és konzekvenciáira mutasson rá, melyek egy szimplán empirikus vizsgálatban észrevétlenek maradnának. A norvégiai Stavangerben lezajlott nemzetközi Európai Olvasáskonferencia lezárásaként született Stavanger Declaration téziseiből indul ki, és sorra veszi a 130 olvasáskutató által tett nyilatkozat megállapításait és javaslatait az olvasás jövőjére vonatkozóan. A kultúrafilozófiai elemzés az olvasás heterotopikus tereinek vizsgálatával a digitalizáció és az olvasás antropológiai, pszichológiai, szociológiai és kultúrafilozófiai vonatkozásainak feltárására törekszik.

2024

példát mutatott az előadási kísérletek esztétikus bemutatására is, Állandóan hangoztatta hallgatói előtt, hogy a legegyszerűbb eszközökkel is igen tanulságos kísérleteket lehet bemutatni, és a leggondosabban felépített kémia tanítási óra sem olyan eredményes kísérletek nélkül, mint bemutató kísérletekkel. Kár, hogy "Vegytani előadási kísérletek" c. és kb. 12 ívnyi terjedelmű könyve kéziratának kiadására nem kerülhetett sor. Eszményi volt a tanárképzés területén a széles látókörű, gyakorlatilag jól képzett, praktikus gondolkodású szakember. Arra törekedett, hogy életet vigyen a könyvekbe és kapcsolatot teremtsen az elvontság és a mindennapi élet tapasztalatai között. Ezt a célt szolgálták mezőgazdasági középiskolai kémia tankönyvei, főiskolai jegyzetei és széles körű természettudományi ismeretterjesztő irodalmi munkássága is. Szívéből áradó optimizmusa, mindig megőrizte kiegyensúlyozott egyéniségét és nemes gondolkodását. Szívügyének tekintette a szociális igazságot, hallgatóinak gondját, baját magáénak is érezte. Mindenkori segítőkészsége közismert volt, és nagyon sokan gondolnak reá hálával és köszönettel.

2024

© 2014, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved. This paper investigates the relationship between urban space and urban economy focusing on the way centralities emerge across scales. A method is presented that combines space syntax theories and an economic model of trade-off that refers to the relation between rent and access. With the argument that economies take place in differences of space, accessibility, therefore, becomes an important matter of scale in order to understand how economic actions are materialised in urban space and how space affects socio-economic interactions at the local design scale of the city. Properties of this relationship are investigated through rent values of different real estate property markets in the city of Cardiff, UK. The method identifes the spatial distribution of activities across scales. Firstly, it is shown that trade-off modelling in the street confguration can be devised as a pattern of use mix profles in...

2024

Public spaces represent essential elements of healthy, functional, eco and smart cities. Being attractive, safe, comfortable, active and inclusive they play the main role in revitalizing communities, supporting their sense of identity and culture and triggering their economic development. The process of globalization, facilitated by the increasing number of ICT networks, imposes a number of new trends which should be followed by professionals. Their aim is to provide an updated setting for public life, which nowadays encompasses both private and public realms, material and virtual reality. Unfortunately, the contemporary lifestyle has caused numerous mental and physical health problems, including chronic diseases, toxic exposure and injuries resulting from uncontrolled violence. Therefore, well-conceived and managed public spaces can influence the health of citizens because their performances could encourage an intensive use of outdoor facilities. Public spaces where users feel safe...

2024, Journal of Transport Geography

The empirical impact of housing costs on commuting is still relatively poorly understood. This impact is especially salient in California given the state's notoriously high housing costs, which have forced many lower-and middle-class households to move inland in search of affordable housing at the cost of longer commutes. To investigate this linkage, we relied on Generalized Structural Equation Modeling and analyzed 2012 CHTS data for Los Angeles County-the most populous county in the U.S. Our model, which jointly explains commuting distance and time, accounts for residential self-selection and car use endogeneity, while controlling for household characteristics and land use around residences and workplaces. We find that households who can afford more expensive neighborhoods have shorter commute distances (-2.3% and-3.1% per additional $100k to median home values around workplaces and residences respectively). Job density, distance to the CBD, and land-use diversity around workplaces have a relatively greater impact on commuting than the corresponding variables around commuters' residences. Compared to non-Hispanics, Hispanic workers commute longer distances (+3.5%), and so do African American (+5.1%) and Asian (+2.0%) workers compared to Caucasians, while college educated workers have shorter (-2.6% to-3.6%) commutes. Furthermore, commuters in the top income brackets tend to have faster commutes than lower income workers. Finally, women's commutes are ~41% shorter than men's, possibly because they are balancing work with domestic responsibilities. Better understanding the determinants of commuting is critical to inform housing and transportation policy, improve the health of commuters, reduce air pollution, and achieve climate goals.

2024

El Nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de Mexico (NAICM) es el proyecto de infraestructura de transporte de mayor magnitud en el pais, su construccion pretende resolver los problemas de saturacion del actual Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de Mexico (AICM). Su implementacion consta de dos etapas: construccion y operacion. El proceso de construccion abarca el periodo 2015-2019; mientras que su operacion se tiene previsto comience en 2020 y su capacidad maxima de atencion se de en 2062. Se espera que, para ambas etapas, el nuevo aeropuerto tenga grandes impactos economicos, ya que sera una fuente generadora de empleos para las distintas zonas de influencia del proyecto, asi como tambien reactivara el dinamismo en los sectores asociados a la construccion y operacion de aeropuertos. Sin embargo, los impactos economicos del NAICM se pueden traducir tambien en impactos de tipo urbano-territorial, ya que en la etapa de construccion demandara a su vez de grandes trabajos en in...

2024, Town and Country Planning

Article type: Research Article With a growth rate higher than global GDP, exports, etc., Marine business (especially container transport) has had great effects on the spatial structure of different regions and areas. Ports have an important role in this regard, because they are the main gates of goods import and export in a country. This study explores the structure and interconnection of Iran's northern ports (on Caspian Sea) with the ports of other countries neighboring Caspian Sea due to the great importance of marine transportation and its effectiveness on Iran's spatial structure interconnection. In order to examine the evolution of the spatial interconnection network structure of Iran's northern ports at local and international level between the years 1989 to 2019, the model used in this study analyzed the passenger and goods transportation among Caspian Sea ports of Iran and those of other countries around Caspian Sea using UCINET software. The results showed that the interconnection of goods and passenger transportation in Iran's northern provinces (in general) and Iran's ports on Caspian Sea (in particular) is not in good conditions. In fact, the connection between Iran and other countries neighboring Caspian Sea is not so high except for scarce, insignificant cases (i.e., connection with Russia through Amirabad port), and the spatial interconnection of other borders of Iran, especially the southern coastline, is much higher than that of Caspian Sea coastline.