Use Wear Analysis Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

В рецензии рассматривается коллективная монография, посвященная публикации погребений ямной культуры, изученных в составе трех курганных могильников, расположенных поблизости друг от друга в долине р. Урал у с. Кизильское Челябинской области, а также целого ряда сопутствующих материалов, полученных в ходе проведенных исследований: впускных погребений синташтинской и петровской культур эпохи бронзы и кочевников раннего железного века, погребального комплекса алакульской культуры и фрагментов культурного слоя неолитической стоянки и алакульского поселения, попавших в насыпь одного из раскопанных курганов. Оценивается структура рецензируемой книги и основные методы опубликованного исследования. Анализируется значение ямной культуры в современном изучении процессов культурогенеза в Евразийской степи эпохи бронзы. Отмечается, что население ямной культуры рассматривается большинством современных исследователей как носители пра-индоевропейского языка, сыгравшие большую роль в истории индоевропейской языковой семьи. Констатируется большая роль населения ямной культуры в миграциях бронзового века, которую подтверждают современные палеогенетические исследования. Делается вывод о существенном научном значении публикации одного из крайне немногочисленных комплексов ямной культуры, обнаруженных к настоящему времени на территории Челябинской области. В то же время в рецензии делается ряд критических замечаний относительно названия рецензируемой работы, ее терминологии, выводов о взаимосвязи ямной и синташтинской культур, а также некоторых пробелов в использовании естественно-научных методов исследований.

2025, Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология

Культурный слой 3 стоянки Стрелка-1 относится к верхнему палеолиту и содержит изделия из камня и прочие находки. На основании доказательной интерпретации скребел предполагается, что часть орудий была принесена на стоянку в готовом виде, часть изготавливалась и использовалась на месте, часть изготавливалась и уносилась. Наибольшую производственную ценность имели скребла со следами интенсивной обработки. Выделение трех групп каменного инвентаря по их месту в полном цикле расщепления позволяет уточнить количественную и качественную оценку целей расщепления, этапы обработки орудия, их назначение, а также длительность использования. Изучаемая коллекция отражает динамические процессы накопления комплекса материальных остатков - процессы аккумуляции на ограниченном участке местности различных по полноте фрагментов последовательностей расщепления камня.

2025, Scientific Reports

Aluminium alloy based composites are employed in numerous applications that require outstanding performance due to their superior mechanical characteristics, including higher strength, stiffness, and wear resistance. They are used in engine parts like pistons and connecting rods to improve performance and durability. In this work, Al7075 is employed as the matrix material. Aluminium oxide particulates were chosen as the reinforcing particles. The Al7075-6%Al 2 O 3 composites were manufactured using the stir casting technology. Scanning electron microscopic instrument was employed to investigate the microstructure of Al7075-6%Al 2 O 3 composites. The microstructure analysis of Al7075-6%Al 2 O 3 composites revealed the even dispersion of Al 2 O 3 particulates throughout the Al7075 matrix. The Pin on disc apparatus was utilized to conduct a wear experiment on Al7075-Al 2 O 3 composites. Taguchi methodology was employed to optimize the wear process factors of the produced composites for enhanced performance. According to ANOVA outcomes, the most impacting factor was the sliding distance 87.057% then speed 7.165% and lastly load 0.435%. The R-Sq value and R-Sq (adj) value for wear response obtained using Minitab 16 Taguchi software are 95.05% and 92.08% respectively. The delta values for load, speed and sliding distance are 0.668, 2.830 and 10.734 respectively. The results of this demonstrated that the factor that has the greatest impact is sliding distance. The wear response values provided by OA experimental and regression equation are 3.6131 × 10-3 mm 3 /m and 3.3062 × 10-3 mm 3 /m respectively. A difference of 8.49% between the experimental and Taguchi analysis value gives the maximum permissible difference.

2025, International journal of engineering research and technology

Reduction of wear of all kind of mating substance in engine or any kind of machine parts is the important task in engineering application, in which role of lubricant is very important, for this various lubricant are used. Now the trend is diverted towards bio lubricants so as to reduce pollution and increasing prices of commercial oil. Here study of different possible combination of lubricant and additives has been carried out. The author used mixtures of different lubricants with different properties. Also some of them added additives in base oils to improve tribological properties, hence the study deals with combination of HDEO, ATF, TMP, PE, addition of MoS2 and SiO2 in base oil, addition of Al2O3 and TiO2 in engine oil. The standard procedures used in this study are ASTM D2270 for viscosity test method and ASTM D4172 for four balls tribology test method. Mixture of HDEO and ATF produces better friction resistance as compared to the original HDEO. The benefit of ATF can be used for engine lubrication. In this study, polyol ester was used as the source of a bio-lubricant. The trimethylolpropane(TMP) and pentaerythritol ester (PE) were produced from palm oil methyl ester; they are biodegradable and have high lubricity properties. Two different conditions of lubrication were investigated. Under these test conditions, the wear and friction characteristics of different ester samples were measured and compared. The esters derived from PE and TMP had comparable characteristics to the fully formulated lubricant (FFL) in terms of the coefficient of friction. In terms of the mixed lubrication condition, the PE ester has the lowest Coefficient of friction.

2025, 宮城考古学23

Towards Strategic Behavior on Productive Consumption of the Blade Industry at Yakuraisan No.8 Site.

2025

A. Zhauyt, (a.zhauyt@aues.kz), Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunictions, Almaty, Kazakhstan D. Yergaliyev, A. Tulegulov, Academy of Civil Aviation, Almaty, Kazakhstan A. Zhumabayeva, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, NurSultan, Kazakhstan A. Bukayeva, M. Suimenova, G. Yesbolay, A. Yussupova, Yessenov University, Aktau, Kazakhstan Numerous studies have established that the damage to the lower surface of hot-rolled strips is mainly due to their friction against rollers of mill rollers. In this case, the probability of scoring, scrapes and other mechanical damage increases otherwise severe wear on the surface of the rollers, improper installation and jamming. This also applies fully to the pulling and forming rollers of the coilers. A prerequisite for preventing damage to the surface of hotrolled strips is also the maintenance of a high level technical condition of the mill equipment, which includes inspections of wiring armature bars, roller conveyor rol...

2025

El yacimiento de Humanejos (Parla, Madrid) constituye un enclave fundamental para la comprensión de las dinámicas funerarias del Neolítico Final en la Meseta Central. Las 15 tumbas analizadas, fechadas entre 3142-2756 cal a.C., muestran... more

2025, Journal of African Archaeology

Twyfelpoort rock shelter is a Later Stone Age hunter-gatherer site in the central interior of South Africa that witnessed late contact with Bantu-and Afrikaans-speaking farmers. This paper builds on a growing corpus of research that explores the degree to which contact with immigrant cultures and technologies influenced and altered the traditional bone working technology of autochthonous hunter-gatherers. I show that while the incidence of bone working declines after contact, the manufacturing technology remains consistent through time and corresponds to what we see at other contact-period Later Stone Age sites. The most notable change is a decline in ornamentation and an apparent increase in expediency-bone tools appear generally to have been used for shorter durations after contact as compared to before.

2025, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences

ceramics from the Persian Gulf region (Antonites et al. 2025). Excavations at the site have also uncovered a substantial number of worked bone artefacts. Bantu-speaking peoples have a long tradition of bone working that survived well into the twentieth century (Davison 1976). Yet, when they are found in in EIA contexts, there is a tendency to interpret them as signs of exchange with nearby, autochthonous hunter-gatherers (Wadley 1996; Sherwood and Forssman 2024), rather than of farmer authorship. In part, this may be owing to the presumed emphasis on metal technologies ostensibly associated with the early farmers. Few studies have explored the authorship of the worked bones themselves. Indeed, the utilisation of bone by farmers may actually be underestimated, given the realisation of the use of unmodified bone fragments in these contexts (Plug 2012). This underestimation is compounded by the fact that bone tools tend to be studied in isolation from their manufacturing debitage, while most faunal analysts tend to focus on taxonomy or taphonomy, and not technology (see Choyke 2013). The recognition of bone working debitage is also not as simple as it sounds. Manufacturing debitage such as isolated epiphyses, bone slivers and knapped fragments would be nearly indistinguishable from

2025

The Howiesons Poort technocomplex is known for innovative developments in backed geometric stone tools, ochre and shifts in foraging behaviour, and the possible early use of the bow and arrow. Bone tools and ornaments have been found at a handful of sites from this period. Despite its relative rarity, worked bone has played an important role in discussions around the development of cognitive complexity in humans. Scholars have, however, tended to emphasize formally made bone tools at the expense of informal, expedient or ad hoc bone tools in these assemblages. Here, we present the results of a technological and usewear analysis undertaken on a sample of bone specimens from the Deacon excavations of the Howiesons Poort layers at Klasies River main site. Our aim was to identify ad hoc tools and fragmented pieces of worked bone missed during initial excavations and sorting. Twelve pieces of worked bone were identified, presenting manufacturing wear and ad hoc use. A range of different activities is implicated, with worked bone used on hard and soft surfaces consistent with leather, skin and plant contact. This is the first recognised evidence of informal bone modification at this site and adds to our understanding of bone technology during the Howiesons Poort.

2025

Identification of exotic raw-materials discovered within the context of Late Glacial societies of the North European Plain is a crucial factor in discussion about far-reaching exchange systems of goods and ideas. The present paper considers the occurrence of obsidian finds on the Polish Lowlands, hundreds of kilometers away from its sources located south of the Carpathians. The focus is on chemical recognition and identification of a large and unique assemblage of obsidian artefacts from two Polish localities based on non-invasive Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA). As a result, a clear connection of northern Polish obsidians with its outcrops located on the northern (Slovakian) fringe of the Tokaj Mountains was established that is the first detailed identification of obsidian finds from the territory of Poland ever. A review of Polish and Slovakian obsidian assemblages from the Late Glacial times and the importance of obsidian exchange and mobility for Late Palaeolithic societies of Central Europe are discussed supported by analytical results of PGAA.

2025, Ulów- archeologiczna perła Roztocza, Wielokulturowy zespół osadniczy w świetle wyników badań interdyscyplinarnych

Dzięki długoletniej działalności lubelskich archeologów w rejonie Ulowa (Roztocze Środkowe) zostały odkryte liczne dowody na obecność człowieka na tym terenie. Jej początki można datować już na okres paleolitu schyłkowego. Szczególnie bogate znaleziska pochodzą z okresu neolitu oraz okresu rzymskiego. Tak intensywne osadnictwo, często przez kilka tysiącleci skupiające się w jednym miejscu, powodowało jednak powtarzające się niszczenie przez ludność danej kultury pozostałości starszego osadnictwa. W efekcie końcowym wiele zabytków utraciło pierwotny kontekst zalegania, co bardzo często utrudnia lub wręcz uniemożliwia określenie ich przynależności kulturowej i chronologii. Wśród nich są także zabytki kamienne. Artefakty kamienne opisane w niniejszym opracowaniu zostały odkryte na ośmiu stanowiskach: 3, 6, 7, 9, 17, 20, 25 i 26 (ryc. 1). Zbiór liczy łącznie 61 egzemplarzy. Jak już wspomniano, niestety są to artefakty o niemożliwej do ustalenia proweniencji kulturowej. Wpływają na to przede wszystkim ich mało charakterystyczne formy, szeroko rozpowszechnione na przestrzeni nawet tysięcy lat. Dodatkowo wiele z nich jest uszkodzonych i to w stopniu, który nie pozwala na pewną rekonstrukcję pierwotnej formy przedmiotu czy też na określenie jego
funkcji. Co więcej, wszystkie opisane tu zabytki zostały znalezione na powierzchni stanowisk lub w warstwach, w tym humusu. Tym samym nie znamy kontekstu ich odkrycia lub kontekst ten jest zaburzony. Z tych powodów bardzo trudno przeprowadzić bardziej szczegółowe interpretacje niniejszych znalezisk.

2025, International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization

The friction and wear properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) and CaSiO3 (Calcium meta silicate) reinforced PA6 composites sliding against metal under dry sliding conditions are studied as per ASTM G99 standard by using a pin-on-disc wear testing apparatus. The result of the applied load and rubbing speed on the wear behaviour of the polymer-metal sliding combinations under dry / normal sliding conditions are investigated. The worn surfaces are examined by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that CaSiO3 samples under dry conditions show enhanced wear resistance. It is noticed that frictional heat has the capacity to change the physical state of the polyamide sliding surfaces and hence contributes for a major change on the wear behaviour of polymer-metal sliding under dry / normal sliding conditions.

2025, Anthropozoologica

Hideworking was practiced prehistorically and historically in nearly every region of the world. Today hideworking is practiced using stone tools only in parts of North America, Siberia, and Ethiopia. This article reviews and explains the diversity in hideworking practices among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia, in particular focusing on the variation of the stone scrapers, handles, and use of space. The Gamo hideworking practices and materials are then compared to customs in other parts of the world. It is concluded that intra-cultural and cross-cultural material and practical homogeneity and diversity can only be explained through an understanding of localized histories in the their global contexts. RÉSUMÉ Les Gamo du sud-ouest de l'Éthiopie : comparaisons transculturelles. Le travail de la peau était pratiqué aux périodes préhistoriques et historiques dans presque toutes les régions du monde. Aujourd'hui, le travail de la peau en utilisant des outils de pierre est pratiqué uniquement dans certaines parties de l'Amérique du Nord, de la Sibérie et de l'Éthiopie. Cet article examine et décrit la diversité des pratiques du travail de la peau chez les Gamo du sud de l'Éthiopie en mettant en particulier l'accent sur la variation des grattoirs lithiques et des emmanchements et la gestion de l'espace. Les pratiques des Gamo et les matériaux utilisés sont ensuite comparés avec d'autres pratiques dans différentes parties du monde. Il est conclu que les matériaux intra-et inter-culturelles, l'homogénéité et la diversité des pratiques ne peuvent être expliqués qu'à travers la compréhension de l'histoire locale replacée dans des contextes plus larges.

2025, Vestnik Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University

For the first time, a find of an incomplete tooth (a fragment of the crown) belonging to a Cretaceous shark of the genus Ptychodus has been discovered in the Kaliningrad region, within boulder-pebble material along the seashore near Zelenogradsk. Previously, the geographically closest remains of Ptychodus were known from Upper Cretaceous reworked deposits in Lithuania. The morphological features of the studied tooth suggest that it is a symphyseal tooth and may be classified as Ptychodus cf. latissimus Agassiz, 1835. This new find expands our knowledge of the distribution of Ptychodus during the Cretaceous period and enhances our understanding of the diversity of fossils found within the erratic boulders of the region. (ATRICLE IN RUSSIAN)

2025, Workshop WAC-10

Over the last three decades, use-wear analysis of metal artefacts-or Metalwork Wear Analysis (Dolfini and Crellin 2016)-has become a well-established method in archaeology. By detecting and interpreting the distinctive marks left on the surface of artefacts, this technique has significantly deepened our understanding of their use. It not only offers insights into the functional aspects of tools and weapons, but also sheds light on the life cycle of objects. Furthermore, when combined with other techniques, use-wear analysis allows us to explore objects' biographies and offers a window into the lives and practices of the people who made, used, and discarded them. This session invites researchers from across the globe to present and discuss usewear analyses of copper-based artefacts, including copper alloys such as bronze. We invite a wide variety of contributions, but particularly encourage submissions focused on tools and weapons-such as swords, spears, daggers, and axesfrom different archaeological contexts, allowing for cross-cultural comparisons of wear patterns and interpretations, identifying both similarities and regional variations in the use of these objects, as well as exploring how context influences wear traces.

2025, Η χειροποίητη κεραμική από το Κτίριο Ζ του προϊστορικού οικισμού της Τούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης

Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη της χειροποίητης επιτραπέζιας κεραμικής του Κτιρίου Ζ και του παρακείμενου δρόμου Χ1, που ανασκάφηκαν στο νότιο τμήμα του προϊστορικού οικισμού της Τούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης μεταξύ 1985 και 1987. Το Κτίριο Ζ αποτελείται από δύο χώρους, τον Ζ1 και τον Ζ2, οι οποίοι απέδωσαν ένα μεγάλο σύνολο κεραμικής, τόσο τροχήλατης όσο και χειροποίητης, και σχετίζεται κυρίως με τη φάση 4 του οικισμού, που χρονολογείται στην προχωρημένη Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού. Ο Ζ1 περιλαμβάνει λάκκους και εστίες με στρώμα στάχτης και ο Ζ2 περιέχει λάκκους και πίθους, εκ των οποίων ο ένας εντοπίστηκε μέσα σε λάκκο, ενώ το κτίριο φαίνεται να χαρακτηρίζεται από διάφορες φάσεις ανακατασκευών και χρήσης. Ο κύριος σκοπός της μελέτης είναι η τεχνολογική και τυπολογική ανάλυση της χειροποίητης κεραμικής του Κτιρίου Ζ, με έμφαση στην τυπολογία, στη κατασκευαστική διαδικασία ανά τα διάφορα στάδια της (πρώτες ύλες, τεχνικές κατασκευής, επεξεργασία των επιφανειών, όπτηση) και στη σύνθεση της κεραμικής ύλης. Τα κεραμικά σύνολα των δύο χώρων και του δρόμου τίθενται υπο σύγκριση, εξετάζοντας ποσοτικές και ποιοτικές διαφορές. Η μελέτη συγκρίνει τα ευρήματα με προηγούμενες έρευνες κεραμικής στον οικισμό και να συσχετίσει τη χειροποίητη κεραμική με την τροχήλατη κεραμική του ίδιου κτιρίου, προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν ζητήματα συγχρονικότητας και διαχρονικής χρήσης των χώρων. Τέλος, επιχειρήθηκε η συγκειμενική παράθεση των δεδομένων από μελέτες άλλων αρχαιολογικών υλικών από το ίδιο σύνολο, προκειμένου να εξετασθεί το εύρος των δραστηριοτήτων που λάμβαναν χώρα στο Κτίριο Ζ.

2025, Wiadomości Archeologiczne LXXV, 275–366

The article presents a hoard of 53 bronze items, dated to HaB1, consisting of 49 socketed axes and four hoop ornaments, weighing over 13 kg. The assemblage is unique both because of its location in Mazovia, to date devoid of spectacular finds from the Late Bronze Age, and because of its contents, most of which are various types of axes of Middle Danubian origin. The local axes of the Kowalewko type, which were deposited as part of the hoard, differ from the specimens of this type found in western Poland in that they are additionally decorated with nested angular ribs. An analysis of the traces of production, shaping and use of the axes made it possible to distinguish untreated and used specimens from both environments, as well as the less numerous specimens bearing only the traces of shaping, which were exclusively of Transcarpathian origin. The objects were deposited in a protective package in a place that was only periodically flooded, which made it possible to retrieve them at a later date.

2025, Huellas de un tiempo pasado. Homenaje a la profesora Carmen Gutiérrez Sáez

Abstract The study of the Bell Beaker question has a long history of research, mainly studies made from the most traditional approaches of historicism. However, from the 70’s new alternatives appeared dealing with its social context, as... more

2025, Quaternary International

Analysing residues on stone tools can reveal precise information about the activities that were conducted with the lithic tool and is a valuable technique to reconstruct past human behaviours. However, it is often difficult to assess the nature of the relationship between a residue and the artefact on which it is found. It is of great importance, therefore, to determine whether residues are use-related or a result of contamination. Here, we conducted experiments with 99 tool replicas made of red jasper, processed 15 different plant taxa and mapped the distribution of residues against the use-wear traces. Our experiments addressed several questions on the spatial relationship between use-wear and use-related residues on stone tools. In the majority of cases the residues were not spatially associated with use-wear. Therefore, it appears that residues should not necessarily be considered as non-related to use because they are not in close proximity to use-wear. On the other hand, our experiments also showed that the problem of contamination should not be underestimated and can be a serious cause for misinterpreting stone tool functions. Finally, our results showed a variability in residue distribution between tools used to process different plant taxa and revealed that the water content in the contact material has an influence on residue distribution.

2025, Stratum plus. Археология и культурная антропология

2025, Поволжская археология

Главный редактор академик АН РТ, доктор исторических наук А.Г. Ситдиков Заместители главного редактора: член-корреспондент АН РТ, доктор исторических наук Ф.Ш. Хузин доктор исторических наук Ю.А. Зеленеев Ответственный секретарь -кандидат ветеринарных наук Г.Ш. Асылгараева Редакционный совет: Б.А. Байтанаев -академик НАН РК, доктор исторических наук (Алматы, Казахстан) (председатель), Х.А. Амирханов -академик РАН, доктор исторических наук, профессор (Москва, Россия), С.Г. Бочаров -кандидат исторических наук (Севастополь, Россия), П. Георгиев -доктор наук, доцент (Шумен, Болгария), Е.П. Казаков -доктор исторических наук (Казань, Россия), Н.Н. Крадин -член-корреспондент РАН, доктор исторических наук, профессор (Владивосток, Россия), А. Тюрк -Ph.D. (Будапешт, Венгрия), А.А. Тишкин -доктор исторических наук профессор (Барнаул, Россия), В.С. Синикакандидат исторических наук (Тирасполь, Молдова), Б.В. Базаров -академик РАН, доктор исторических наук, профессор (Улан-Удэ, Россия), Д.С. Коробов -доктор исторических наук, профессор РАН (Москва, Россия), О.В. Кузьмина -кандидат исторических наук (Самара, Россия), П. Дегри -профессор (Лёвен, Бельгия), Вэй Джан -Ph.D, профессор (Пекин, Китай), А.С. Сагдуллаев -академик АН РУз, доктор исторических наук, профессор (Ташкент, Узбекистан), Р.Х. Сулейманов -доктор исторических наук, профессор (Ташкент, Узбекистан). Редакционная коллегия: А.А. Выборнов -доктор исторических наук, профессор (Самара, Россия) М.Ш. Галимова -кандидат исторических наук (Казань, Россия) Р.Д. Голдина -доктор исторических наук, профессор (Ижевск, Россия) С.В. Кузьминых -кандидат исторических наук (Москва, Россия) А.Е. Леонтьев -доктор исторических наук (Москва, Россия) Т.Б. Никитина -доктор исторических наук (Йошкар-Ола, Россия) А.А. Чижевский -кандидат исторических наук (Казань, Россия) Ответственный за выпуск: М.Ш. Галимова -кандидат исторических наук

2025, Origini - Prehistory and Protohistory of ancient civilizations

This study aims to investigate the activities associated with flaked stone tools at the Bronze Age fortified settlement of Coppa Nevigata (Apulia, Italy). The settlement’s chronological framework, spanning from the 18th to the 8th century BCE, provides an opportunity for both diachronic and synchronic analyses of the lithic assemblage. This approach enables a reconstruction of the recurring activities and behavioural patterns of the community in relation to stone tool use throughout the settlement’s occupation. The use-wear analysis of the lithic assemblage was carried out using a low-magnification approach, which facilitated the identification of the activities in which the tools were involved and how these activities evolved over time. During the early phases of the Bronze Age, flaked stone tools were primarily employed for working soft and medium-soft materials. By the Late Bronze Age, there was a marked increase in the processing of harder materials, a shift that may be linked to the growing presence and use of bronze tools within the settlement.

2025

Corrosion Resistance of ductile cast iron is improved by the incorporation of an extra phase in the matrix, typically consist of carbides. The objective of the present work is to produce carbides in a ductile cast iron which is subsequently austempered, to obtain the carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI). Six variants of CADI were produced by heating carbidic ductile iron (CDI) to a austenitization temperature of 975oC for the period of 1hr and quenching in salt bath at temperature 325oC and at 250oC for a period of 1hr, 2hr and 3hr.The Corrosion Resistance was evaluated by using Salt Spray Fog test in accordance with ISO 9227 standard. Heat treatments affect the mechanical properties such as Bulk hardness and microhardness also the microstructure of the carbidic austempered ductile iron which can be characterized by optical microscope and SEM.

2025, Přehled výzkumů 65/2, 2024

The Prosiměřice 2 metal hoard was discovered during archaeological rescue excavation in 2021 on the northern edge of the cadastre, where it was located in the floodplain of the River Jevišovka below the groundwater level. In addition to nine ingots and a broken-off sprue, the hoard contains two socketed axes, which date the find to the later stage of the Middle Danube Urnfield Culture. All the artefacts of the hoard were subjected to material composition analysis, which proved both relatively pure and variously impure copper (most ingots) as well as tin bronze (axes, ingot, sprue). According to X-ray computed tomography and use-wear analysis, the axes are imperfect, though functional, casts. The Prosiměřice 2 hoard therefore contains artefacts from various stages of the metallurgical production chain, just like the previously discovered Prosiměřice 1 hoard. Both hoards are part of a contemporary open settlement area and their contents could thus indicate local metallurgical activity. Other metal hoards in settlement areas also indicate a potential correlation between their contents and metallurgical production in open settlements. The location of both hoards from Prosiměřice in a floodplain wetland or even underwater points to their irreversible deposition and, like most other multi-piece hoards in a water environment, we associate them with communal socio-cultic rituals.

2025

This paper examines the history of excavations of cremated remains at Stonehenge, highlighting contributions from archaeologists William Hawley and Richard Atkinson, as well as the transformative Stonehenge Riverside Project. It details the locations of the cremated remains, evidence of their transportation in organic containers (e.g., leather bags), and isotopic analyses indicating origins in regions such as west Wales. By integrating recent research, particularly the 2018 and 2024 studies by Snoeck et al., this review underscores Stonehenge's role as a ceremonial hub, reflecting Neolithic interregional connectivity. It does not address the controversy surrounding the treatment of human remains at the site.

2025, Kobie Paleontrolologia

Es un trabajo del estudio de núcleos laminares de época Neolítica-Calcolítica pertenecientes a dos yacimientos al aire libre
en Bizkaia con características que demuestra la existencia de talleres especializados de talla laminar en esta comarca, vinculados a la cantera de sílex Flysch cercana, y una producción sistemática de láminas obtenidas por presión abdominal.

2025, Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation

language and culture, many of which we will never undertand. However, in contrast to images on stone where there i a certain degree of pre ervation, tattoo , in general, do not pre erve. A Allen points out, the infonnation gleamed from explorers' journals and notes are tantalizing and brief. A drawing may have been done on location or years afterward and the artist's skills and training may al 0 be in question. Motif: were copied repeatedly and often changed, thus the original design was perhap altered in order to sell a publication. Take for example Figure , page 10 with the caption: "A Young Women of Otaheite, Bringing a Present. Tahitian taumi or gorget, in an engraving after John Webber, c 1777. Emory likens the shape of the gorget to the shape of the tattoo motif: they ob erved in Hawai'i. From Cook and King, 1784. Kahn collection, Hawai'i tate Archives." In this engraving, the young women' right breast is exposed but both breasts are covered in the original drawing. (see Barrow 1979). The book is organized into two ba ic section ancient and contemporary tattoo practice . The fir t and major section (123 page ), "The Ancient Tattoo," deals with infonnation gleamed from publi hed and unpubli hed sources. Three ection follow: "Contemporary Tattoo," "The Tattooists," and "Choo ing a Tattoo." Ample illu trations are found throughout. The contemporary tattoo section con i ts of a eries of photo of mostly Hawaiians with their Polyneian motif: di played and with a short personal biography. The majority cho e personal motifs that connect them with the pa t. Although Hawaiian tattooing practices cea ed by the mid-nineteenth century, a revival occurred in the 1970-80s a part of a pan-Polyne ian force of solidarity and a ymbol of cultural identity. Seeing tattoos can stir inner emotions: we may be fascinated, repelled, or appalled by the sight of a heavily tattooed per on. Regardle of our reaction tattoos are, as Allen how, a type of "storyboard." They often are deeply per onal and can reflect ocio-cultural-political value , both in time and place. It is certain that the practice of Hawaiian tattooing reaches far into Polynesian prehistory. Tattoo needle have been found in archaeological assemblages in most Polynesian island societies. Tattoos can be both secular and acredo The proce s of tattooing was and is as important a the placement and the type of de ign, and the act of marking a body was as ociated with many rituals and carried out with chant (92). Tattoo were traditionally placed, depending on gender, on the upper arm , the tip of the tongue, leg , around body orifice ,the ole of feet, the palm of hand and inside the eyelids (p 24). The leg of both exe were tattooed (p 0). Women had their feet, face, and hands tattooed. The early type of motif, noted at the time of Cook's visit (pp 88, 90-91) seems to have displayed a variety of linear pattern, checkerboard, shark tooth, chevron, and zigzag. Marching goat and western weapon motifs were e pecially popular by the 1820s. According to Allen, Jacques Arago, the friendly official arti t on Uranie, a French hip that vi ited the island in 1819, made the best and the large t

2025, Origini

A functional analysis of the artifacts involved in metalworking can provide interest
ing information about the steps required to obtain a metal object starting from the raw mineral.
Combined with a spatial analysis, it allows to evaluate the organization of the work, how people
are involved in the production and management of specialized areas in relation to domestic spaces.
In this paper, we discuss the role that macrolithic tools played in metalworking, particularly in the
processing of minerals, in an Early Bronze Age village in the ancient Near-East (Arslantepe period
VI B2, 3100-2800 BC, Eastern Anatolia). Starting with an overview of the distribution of evidence
related to metal production in the village, we focus on two sample areas: a metallurgical atelier and
a storage room of a house. Through macroscopic observations and use-wear analyses of a sample of
macrolithic tools correlated with other data from these areas, the production processes conducted
in the metallurgical area are documented, particularly the steps involving minerals before smelting.
Moreover, we investigate whether some activities related to metallurgy were conducted within a
domestic space to verify if other people aside from the artisans were involved, even marginally, in
the production cycle.

2025

Lower IX level from Labeko Koba and X level of Ekain have been considered relevant because their archaeological attribution to the Chatelperronian. Nevertheless the association of these archaeological evidences with complex faunal assemblages, characterized by the high presence of carnivores, requires a detailed archaeozoological analysis in order to understand the real nature of human interaction in the site and thus asses the function of these occupations. The Labeko Koba IX lower layer is an occupation of cave hyenas (Crocuta crocuta spelaea), where we can identify, through a taphonomic analysis that a part of the assemblage had anthropic origin. On the other hand, the level X of Ekain is an accumulation of remains of cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) associated with a small assemblage of lithic artifacts. The particularities of cave bear ethology during hibernation suggest that ursids were not the main accumulator of other species bones. In this paper, we wish to contribute to a better...

2025

After printing the paper half cutting, creasing and perforating operations are required. For this operation time and cost required is more. So, to save time and cost we have developed small machine. This Half Cut Sticker Label Cutting Machine is a multipurpose and can be easily converted to perforator and creaser. Perforating is required on banker’s cheque books, Bill Books and creasing is required to make a fold on wedding cards and Office files.Now a day’s hand operated machines are used to perform half cut cutting, Creasing and Perforating. These machines are very heavy and costly and also the pressure exerted on the paper is complete cut at certain distance. So we have developed electric motor operated machine which can operate on effective cost and within less time.The detail design and manufacturing of machine is given in this paper.

2025, Munibe Monographs. Anthropology and Archaeology Series 3. VIII Congreso Internacional del Neolítico en la Península Ibérica. Alcalá de Henares, 11-13 septiembre 2024

RESUMEN El desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones sobre la manufactura de las primeras producciones cerámicas y sus respectivas secuencias de modelado está aportando datos inéditos en las discusiones actuales sobre las prácticas alfareras... more

2025, Ученые записки музея–заповедника «Томская Писаница»

В статье представлены результаты инвентаризации фаунистических материалов раскопок поселения Третьяково I (Кемеровская область, Тисульский муниципальный округ), датируемого поздней тагарской культурой – тагаро-таштыкским периодом. Объем коллекции насчитывает 1702 образца, из которых 1635 экз. относятся к пищевым остаткам и 67 экз. – к предметам неясного функционального назначения, и состоит из остатков скелетов 16 видов домашних и диких животных. Более половины фаунистических находок принадлежат домашним животным (мелкому и крупному рогатому скоту, лошадям и собакам), среди диких животных доминирует косуля. В статье дается анализ текущего состояния находок, анатомический и возрастной состав, приводится анатомическая и морфологическая характеристика каждого из выявленных артефактов. В результате зооархеологического анализа показана скотоводческая специализация населения, обосновывается наличие специализированной охоты на диких копытных, в первую очередь косулю, делается вывод об отсутствии массовой заготовки рыб с использованием сетей. Анализа возрастного состава показал, что домашний скот интенсивно забивался на 1 и 2 году жизни, а также по достижении 6-8 лет, лошади – от 3 лет и старше. На основании результатов инвентаризации фаунистические материалы поселения Третьяково I объединены в две самостоятельные коллекции, соответственно, КМАЭЭ ФМАП 99/1 (пищевые остатки) и КМАЭЭ ОФ 915 (артефакты из кости).
The article presents the results of an inventory of faunal materials from excavations of the Tretyakovo I settlement (Kemerovo region, Tisulsky district), dating back to the late Tagar culture – the Tagaro-Tashtyk period. The volume of the collection is 1702 specimens, of which 1635 specimens are food remains and 67 specimens are items of unclear functional purpose. It includes the remains of skeletons of 16 species of domestic and wild animals. More than half of the faunal finds belong to domestic animals (sheep, coat and cattle, horses and dogs); among wild animals, roe deer dominates. The article provides an analysis of the current state of the finds, anatomical and age composition, and provides anatomical and morphological characteristics of each of the identified artifacts. As a result of zooarchaeological analysis, the pastoral specialization of the population is shown, the presence of specialized hunting for wild ungulates, primarily roe deer, is substantiated, and the conclusion is made that there is no mass harvesting of fish using nets. Based on the analysis of the age composition, it was shown that livestock grew intensively in the 1st and 2nd years of life, as well as upon reaching 6-8 years, horses - from 3 years and older. Based on the results of the inventory, the faunal materials of the settlement Tretyakovo I are combined into two independent collections, respectively, KMAEE FMAO 99/1 (food remains) and KMAEE BF 915 (bone artifacts)

2025, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 21 : From find scatters to early hominid behavior: A study of middle palaeolithic riverside settlements at Maastricht-Belvédère (The Netherlands)

The Belvédère pit has yielded a consideratie amount of information about the life-style of Middle Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers and the environment in which they performed their various activities. We decided to perform a functional analysis of the flint assemblage with the hope that this would shed more light on the role of the flint artefacts in the subsistence pattern.

2025, Current Studies of Diversity and Pattern in World Prehistory

Knapped lithics are generally assumed to reflect the territorial configurations of cultural groups, as well as their cultural interactions. Some Mesolithic and
Neolithic groups, however, show archaeologically worrying deviations from this pattern. While in some areas they are represented by reasonable numbers of worked lithics, in other parts of their cultural territories they are characterized by features such as pits and hearths, which can be of substantial size and appear in significant concentrations with little or no content of knapped lithics. This permits the consideration of whether we have a problem with the absence from the archaeological record of
extensive prehistoric “Stone Age” groups that do not employ knapped lithics at all. Furthermore, it is worth considering the extent to which our understanding of the cultural dynamics and interactions of prehistoric groups, as well as their subgroups, informed by preserved knapped lithics, can be misleading. Even though variation between the material cultures Even though variation between the material cultures of different cultures is evident, observations from modern hunter-gatherer societies indicate that the organic aspects of their material culture generally appear to serve as the dominant marker of such differences relative to their knapped lithics component. This is most likely because the organic aspects of material culture are the easiest to mark/shape with identifying and characteristic elements (ornaments, etc.). Important are skins and furs, for clothing, covers for dwellings and boats etc., while bark, plant fibers, and sinew are also important in many cultures. Bone and antler have a role in the production of
points and cutting edges, and wood can also be important for making
various artifact types, including shafts. Knapped lithics do not always
form part of the inventory, even though suitable material is locally
available. It is clear that the “currents of cultural influence” may vary for
different types of objects/materials–for example, artifact types, hafting
methods, clothing ornamentation, and burial customs. Even though
such complex, multilayered, cultural interaction patterns will, in most
cases, be impossible to reconstruct archaeologically due to the poor
preservation of organic material culture, it is nevertheless important
to keep in mind that they do not automatically follow the patterns of
interaction distinguishable in the well-preserved knapped lithics.

2025, Exar conference abstracts, 11. internationale exar-tagung, Linz (A)

Bereits bei der ersten gezielten Ausgrabung im Salzbergwerk Hallstatt im Jahre 1846 fiel die hervorragende Erhaltung der gefundenen prähistorischen Gegenstände aus organischem Material auf. Die Untersuchungen der Prähistorischen Abteilung... more

2025, Origini

Archaeological research conducted in Eastern Arabia over the past decades has provided
valuable insights into the social and cultural significance of certain animal species in prehistoric
communities. This study examines 26 double-perforated shark teeth from five archaeological sites
along Oman’s coast, dating from the mid-6th to the late 3rd millennium BCE. These artefacts,
ranging from Neolithic shell middens to Early Bronze Age settlements, suggest a consistent tradition
of modification and utilization. Morphological and use-wear analyses were complemented
by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) on identified residues. An experimental pilot
study tested the hypothesis that these double-perforated teeth functioned as arrowheads. Although
direct evidence of bow and arrow use in Oman’s prehistory is absent, the high frequency of lithic
projectile points in Neolithic contexts, combined with experimental findings, provides preliminary
support for this functional interpretation.

2025, Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

This pilot research presents the first study integrating digital submillimetre image-based 3D modelling with experimental archaeology to examine how soapstone sinker stones, dated to the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic periods in Western Norway (6400-3300 cal. BC), were manufactured and engraved. Photogrammetry was used as a bridging method to compare archaeological artefacts and experimental data. Applying the same high-accuracy digital solutions to five archaeological and 26 experimentally commissioned replica sinkers, permitted linking characteristic features of engraved surfaces with specific tools and techniques. This enabled identifying and distinguishing flint-made surface modifications from quartz, bone and sandstone, and revealed novel information on key aspects of the sinker's biographies and chaîne opératoire, including the initial shaping of the blank by means of grinding stones, the relative chronology of the engraving process, and damage to the artefact surface caused during use-life and via post-deposition processes. This study suggests that the central furrow on the soapstone sinkers, assumed to function for fastening a line, was produced in a consistent way, likely with quartz tools, while other incisions showed more variation. Aesthetic concerns are one possible reason for these differences, though others should be considered; future studies may help provide greater insight into the reasons driving this preference.

2025, Quaternary International

This article presents the results of the traceological, experimental, physicochemical and archaeozoological analyses undertaken on bone artefacts from one of the oldest known flint mines, i.e. the chocolate flint mine in Orońsko, Site 2, Poland. Based on typological and 11 radiocarbon measurements, the mine dates to the end of the Alleröd period and the early Younger Dryas. The results of the traceological and chemical analyses demonstrate that the bone artefacts were used as chisels/picks for removing limestone and extracting lumps of flint, which makes them some of the oldest known osseous mining tools in Europe. The identification of these unique tools has provided the impetus for conducting a multifaceted discussion on the state of research on the oldest mining tools from organic raw materials and the need to intensify specialist research in this area. The presence of ochre on one of the artefacts may indicate the possible movement of peoples connected with mining activities during the Late Palaeolithic/Mesolithic. Moreover, the results make an important contribution to our knowledge of the use-wear traces typical for prehistoric osseous mining tools.

2025, Функционально-планиграфический анализ материалов нижнего слоя стоянки Замиль-Коба 1 в Крыму // Camera praehistorica. 2024. № 1 (12). С. 48–71.

The site in grotto Zamil-Koba 1 in the South-Western Crimea was discovered and excavated by D.A. Krainov in 1935–1937. Two Stone Age
cultural layers were investigated. The bottom layer belongs to the Shan-Koba culture and is dated to the Allerød period. It is totally excavated inside the grotto. The bottom layer of the site is characterized
by clear spatial structure including a hearth, bone accumulation, a workshop and a sleeping place inside a living area. The use-wear analysis of all artefacts from this layer conducted by the authors revealed various tools with use-wear traces. Distribution of functional groups of weapons and tools correlates with above mentioned structural areas and reflects
locations of various economic activities at the territory of the site. Arrowheads were found to the south and south-east from the hearth and to the north-east from it. Hide processing tools were concentrated
mainly in the southern part of the living area and around it. Tools for wood processing were located mainly inside the bone accumulation and the workshop and to the east from the living area. Tools for bone and antler processing have similar distribution. Cores and hammerstones were found mainly inside the workshop and to the north-east from ZamilKoba 1. Retouchers were found at the northern and south-western periphery of the living area. Red paint was produced at its southern periphery to the south
of the bone accumulation. There were practically no tools to the east from the hearth inside the living place. This part was probably used as sleeping area. Such spatial structure indicates homogeneity of the
bottom layer of Zamil-Koba 1 site. Placement of the living area far away from the grotto entrance, presence of a stationary hearth encircled by massive rock blocks and almost total absence of traces of household activity near the grotto entrance evidently indicates functioning of the site during cold season.

2025, Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии

2025

No Bull Engineering, a high technology engineering/consulting firm, in Delmar, New York. He is responsible for rotating equipment consulting services in the forms of engineering design and analysis, troubleshooting, and third-party design audits. Before beginning his consulting career at MTI in 1995, he spent 12 years in the aerospace industry designing pumps, valves, and controls for gas turbine engines. His expertise includes rotordynamics, fluid-film journal and thrust bearings, dynamic simulations, hydraulic and pneumatic flow analysis, CFD, FEA, and mechanical design. Mr. Corbo has B.S. and M.S. degrees (Mechanical Engineering) from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York, and is a member of ASME, STLE, and The Vibration Institute. He has authored more than a dozen technical publications, including one that won the "Best Case Study" award at Bently Nevada's ISCORMA conference in 2001. Clifford P. (Cliff) Cook is with ChevronTexaco, Inc., in Houston, Texas. He is Chairman of the API RP 687 Task Force on Repair of Special Purpose Rotors. He is a Texaco Fellow, registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas, Chairman of the API Subcommittee on Mechanical Equipment, and a member of the Texas A&M Turbomachinery Symposium Advisory Committee. Mr. Cook is a member of API 617 (compressors), 613 (SP gears), 677 (GP gears), 616 (gas turbines), and past member of API 684 (rotordynamics tutorial), 610 (pumps), 618 (reciprocating compressors) task forces. Mr. Cook has a B.S. degree from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, and an M.S. degree (Mechanical Engineering) from Lehigh University.

2025

One of the foremost concerns facing turbomachinery users today is that of torsional vibration. In contrast to lateral rotordynamics problems, torsional failures are especially heinous since the first 153 TORSIONAL VIBRATION ANALYSIS AND... more

2025, Arqueologia Iberoamericana

This preliminary study is based on the analysis of ceramic pastes recovered from two adjacent areas: Totolapa, in the Central Depression, and Cerro Ecatepec, in the Chiapas Highlands, Mexico. Through two complementary analyses, using X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and thin-section petrography, we intend to evaluate whether it is possible to determine compositional groups, areas of provenance, and possible exchanges or interactions from the Late Classic to the Late Postclassic (Project PAPIIT/UNAM IN402623). Based on the results, we propose a local origin of the “sandy” pastes of coarse appearance without discarding a greater interaction between both regions and the probable foreign origin of the fine paste pottery.