Veterinary Pathology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a small single-stranded DNA virus, was initially discovered in 1998 and is highly prevalent in the domestic pig population. Disease manifestations associated with PCV2 include postweaning multisystemic wasting disease (PMWS), enteric disease, respiratory disease, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), and reproductive failure. Although these clinical manifestations involve different organ systems, there is considerable overlap in clinical expression of disease and presence of lesions between pigs and within herds. It is now widely accepted that PCV2 can be further subdivided into different types, of which PCV2a and PCV2b are present worldwide and of greatest importance. This review will focus on PCV2-associated lesions in different organ systems.

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- Veterinary Pathology, Fisheries Sciences, Swine, Veterinary Sciences

Arthrography with nonionic contrast agents is a method of investigation of the joint space allowing routine observations of aseptic pathological condition localized at joint ends or synovial membrane. The biological material was represented by a uniform batch consists of 8 adult cats, two males and six females, European breed, with average body weight of 3.5 kg. Method of operation was the intra-articular injection of the contrast agent Ultravist 300 followed by x-ray exposure performed at 10, 15, 30 minutes at 1 hour and 2 hours after administration of the substance. Useful doses were determined according to the joint: for the shoulder joint 2.0-2.5 ml; for elbow joint 2.0-2.5 ml, for the stifle joint 0.5-3.0 ml. Machine working parameters ranged from 48-55 kV and 15-20 mAs, patient position and radiographic exposure was latero-lateral. Quality opacification in arthrography is reduced as you increase the injection interval, the optimal period being in the first 5 minutes. The contrast notional Ultravist 300 arthrography can be used in cats with high diagnostic value in joint diseases. Side reactions were minimal and showed no significant loss in patients.

- by Robert Purdoiu
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- Radiology, Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Science

Growth factors are low molecular peptides active in the stimulation of cell proliferation and in the regulation of embryonic development and cellular differentiation. Significant progress has been made in developing effective strategies to treat human malignancies with new chemical compounds based on a rationale directed against various components of signaling pathways. Many of these drugs target a growth factor receptor-for instance, in the form of monoclonal antibodies or inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, such as monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptors used in treating certain types of breast cancer. Imatinib mesylate [Gleevec]) is an excellent example of mediators of signal transduction, such as tyrosine kinases. Growth factors proper are used to ameliorate various and sometimes fatal side effects of cytotoxic and/or myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Basic characteristics of several growth families are discussed with therapeutic modalities based on growth factor activity or, more often, inhibition of such activity.

Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks developed pancreatic epithelial cell necrosis, diffuse acinar atrophy, and marked interstitial fibrosis. In addition, the piglets had severe villus atrophy in the small intestine as a result of TPN. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of liver samples revealed toxic hepatic zinc levels (5 13.5 and 49 1.2 ppm) in the TPN piglets (40-90 ppm in control piglets). Administering TPN bypasses homeostatic control mechanisms regulating zinc absorption at the gastrointestinal level and may reduce pancreatic secretion contributing to the accumulation of zinc in tissues. Intestinal villus atrophy, a sequela to TPN, may have also affected zinc excretion by impairing intestinal flux and desquamation. These factors should be considered in formulating TPN solutions and zinc levels administered must be reduced accordingly to avoid toxicity. Furthermore, sources and tissue levels of zinc should be investigated when necrosis, acinar atrophy, and fibrosis of the pancreas are encountered in young pigs.

- by RL Remillard
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- Veterinary Pathology, Liver, Pancreas, Zinc

Background and Aim: Enrofloxacin and tylosin can be combined into an antibiotic formulation which is expected to have a broader range of antibacterial activity against various infections in broilers. Validation method analysis of the levels of these two active compounds needs to be done for future use in pharmacokinetic or residual studies. The present study aims to determine a suitable validation method of isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the concentration of antibiotic combinations in the broiler liver, kidney, and muscles. Materials and Methods: The combination of enrofloxacin and tylosin in the liver, kidney, and muscle was validated by HPLC method to find the procedures, processes, equipment, and systems used, consistently provides the appropriate results. The chromatography system consisted of an Octadecyl-silica column of 5 μm in diameter and 150 mm in length with a mobile phase of a mixture of 0.05 M monobasic sodium phosphate (pH 2.5) and a...

- by Rahmad Ardiansyah and +2
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- Microbiology, Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology

We describe a case of a dog with hepatosplenic lymphoma, a disease characterized by infiltration of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow with γδ T cells, absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy, and an aggressive clinical course. Physical examination findings, hematologic and biochemical abnormalities, and clinical course of the disease in this patient were similar to those in humans. Immunophenotyping of liver and spleen aspirates supported an antemortem diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma consistent with hepatosplenic lymphoma. The diagnosis was confirmed postmortem by a combination of routine histopathology, showing a consistent pattern of organ involvement, and immunohistochemistry showing the infiltrating neoplastic lymphocytes to be T cells expressing the γδ T-cell receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hepatosplenic lymphoma in a dog.

- by william vernau
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- Veterinary Pathology, Immunohistochemistry, Peer Review, Medicine

The present case is the first description of a triple infection with canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV) type 2, and Mycoplasma cynos in a dog. The 5-month-old female Miniature Pinscher was euthanized because of dyspnea, croaking lung sounds, weight loss, and lymphopenia. Pathologic examination revealed a fibrinous necrotizing pneumonia with large amphophilic intranuclear and acidophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in different lung cells. Immunohistochemically, CDV antigen was present in lung and many other organs. In situ hybridization for detection of CAV nucleic acid showed positive signals in the lung only. Polymerase chain reaction of lung tissue and consecutive sequencing of the amplification product identified CAV type 2. Bacteriologic examination of lung tissue yielded large amounts of M cynos. This infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry detecting abundant positive signals in the lung tissue.

- by Florian Zeugswetter
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- Veterinary Pathology, Dogs, Fisheries Sciences, Lung

| Parasitism is considered as an important risk factor for the productive capacity of small ruminants and it causes huge economic losses in most parts of the world, including Pakistan. This study was designed with the objective to determine the hematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 300 blood samples (Sheep, n=249, Goat, n=52) were collected from different areas of Peshawar and Khyber agency. Samples were processed for the presence of haemo-parasites and different hematological parameters were estimated. Prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases was recorded as 40, 7 and 6% for anaplasmosis, babesiosis and theileriosis, respectively. Different risk factors were studied but no statistical significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases with respect to season, location, specie, age and sex. Hematological profile of diseased animals showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in TEC, Hb, PCV, MCH and MCV while no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in MCHC and TLC. On basis of erythrocytic indices in sheep anemia can be classified as macrocytic normochromic while in goats anemia was recorded as macrocytic hypochromic. It can be concluded from the results that anaplasmosis was the most prevalent haemo-parasitic disease followed by Babesiosis and Theileriosis in the stdudy area and along with general health status of the animal it also affect the hematological profile of animals. because of reduced weight gain and productivity losses .

- by Hanif Ur Rahman
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- Veterinary Pathology

A cohort study was carried out in France about postweaning digestive disorders in the piglet. One hundred and six farrow-to-finish farms were involved. In each of them, a batch of contemporary piglets was considered. A total of 12 034 piglets were ear-notched, evaluated during the suckling phase and weighed at weaning, at 14 and 28 days postweaning. Postweaning diarrhoea and mortality were recorded daily. Data were collected about diet composition and feed intake, housing and husbandry throughout the period. Weaning weight was 8.1 kg and weaning age was 27.2 days on average. Diarrhoea occurred in the pens after a 3-4-day latency period. Prevalence was maximun around 7 to 9 days after weaning and remained high until 21 days after Ž . weaning. Mortality was moderate 1.9% . Average daily gains were 283 and 489 g for the two subsequent 14-day periods postweaning. Descriptive multivariate methods indicated a strong pattern between diarrhoea, mortality and growth. The main risk factors associated with the Ž digestive disorders were determined. The hygiene level at the reception of the piglets cleanliness, . Ž level of temperature , management and husbandry level air quality, group size and stocking . procedure were found to be important factors leading to risky or secure profiles. In addition, the feed intake of the piglet during the first week postweaning was strongly associated with the severity of the digestive disorders over the whole 28-day postweaning period of observation. It is concluded that prevention of postweaning digestive disorders could be based on the control of zootechnical conditions. q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

- by Stephane Bounaix
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- Veterinary Pathology, Virus
- by m.o. elShazly
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- Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Poultry Science, Poultry Nutrition

Golden Retriever (GR) muscular dystrophy is an inherited degenerative muscle disease that provides an excellent model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans. This study defined the histopathologic lesions, including the distribution of type I and II muscle fibers (FTI and FTII), in 12 dystrophic and 3 nondystrophic dogs between 7 and 15 months of age. The authors were interested in studying the influence on disease phenotype from crossing the base GR breed with Yellow Labrador Retrievers. The dystrophic dogs were divided according to breed: GRs and Golden Labrador Retrievers (GLRs). On hematoxylin and eosin staining, histopathologic lesions were more severe in GRs than GLRs. Six of eight GR muscles (75%) had a severe lesion grade (grade 3). In contrast, seven GLR muscles (87.5%) had mild lesions (grade 2), and only one had severe lesions (grade 3). Changes in fiber-type distribution were more pronounced in GRs versus GLRs. FTI:FTII ratio inversion was observed in three dystrophic GRs but only one GLR. The mean diameter of FTI and FTII was smaller in GRs and GLRs than in nondystrophic dogs (P < .01). The FTI of five GR muscles (62.5%) were larger than those of GLRs, whereas only one GLR muscle was larger (P < .05). The differential was less pronounced for FTII, with four GR muscles being larger and three GLR being larger. Observations indicate that crossing the base GR breed with Labrador Retrievers lessened the severity of the GR muscular dystrophy phenotype.

- by Ligia Gomes Miyazato and +1
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- Veterinary Pathology, Skeletal muscle biology, Breeding, Medicine

Fourteen 4-to 18-month-old vaccinated Greyhounds (10 males, 4 females) from three kennels in southern Ireland presented over a 2-year period with acute or insidious onset neurological signs. Head tilting, ataxia, recumbency, circling, and blindness were commonly observed, and animals were dull, dehydrated, and had lost weight. Hematologic and biochemical parameters reflected dehydration but were otherwise unremarkable. Microscopic examination revealed severe diffuse and focal gliosis and gemistocytosis accompanied by mononuclear cell perivascular cuffing in caudate nucleus and cortical gray matter of the cerebrum and in the periventricular gray matter of the anterior brainstem. Milder lesions were noted in the caudal brainstem, cranial spinal cord, and in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. This was accompanied by a lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration of the cerebral and cerebellar meninges. Demyelination, neuropil necrosis, neuronophagia, and vasculitis were not observed. No inclusion bodies, fungi, or protozoal cysts were seen. Additional serologic and molecular pathology tests also failed to determine a cause, suggesting that these cases may represent a previously undiagnosed condition in the dog.

- by C. Mooney and +2
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- Veterinary Pathology, Dogs, Brain, Spinal Cord
- by John Hutchinson
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- Pathology, Veterinary Pathology, Osteology, Bone and Antler

In this presentation, a case of necrotic glossitis was described in a mass removed from the tongue in a 4-year-old male crossbred cat. One month ago, when the cat was eating a large amount of saliva and sometimes blood was observed from the mouth, a mass formation on the tongue was noticed by the animal owner. Cat's inspection was performed in Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Clinics. In the inspection, a bulging mass was observed in the caudal region and dorsal surface of the tongue, partially preventing food intake and swallowing. The animal's mouth was opened properly. The tongue pulled out. The mass was extirpated against intact tissue with electrocautery. The extracted mass was sent to the Pathology Laboratory. The mass was 1.2 x 1.5 x 2 cm in size and had a firm consistency. Partly erosive-ulcerative areas were observed on the surface of the mass. Yellowish-gray foci with a diameter of 2-3 mm were noticed on the cut surface. In microscopic examinations; erosion and ulcers in epithelial layer, inflammatory cells and increased connective tissue were noted in propria. Pink necrotic foci of different sizes scattered between the tongue muscles, a band of inflammatory cells and an increase in connective tissue around these foci were observed. In the presented case, a diagnosis of necrotic glossitis was made as a result of the changes observed with necrosis in the mass taken with suspicion of tumor. Masses with ulcerated and bleeding appearance are generally interpreted as tumoral formations. However, as observed in this case, it was concluded that necrotic-inflammatory changes should also be taken into account in masses with similar appearance that are evaluated as a tumor. For similar situations, it was deemed appropriate to present the case in order to draw the attention of clinicians to the subject and to contribute to veterinary medicine.

Systemic mycoses (fungal granulomas) were diagnosed in commercial broiler chickens of 4 week age. Clinically, birds showed respiratory distress with 7% mortality over a period of two weeks (2 to 4 week) with stunted growth. The gross lesions included nodules of varied sizes in lung, air sac and peritoneum in most cases, and liver, heart and diffuse enlargement of kidneys in few cases. Histopathological examination of these (lung, liver, kidney, etc.) organs revealed classical granuloma with central caseous necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, epithelioid cells, giant cells and fibrosis. Section of lungs, kidneys and liver stained with Periodic Acid Schiff stain revealed pink coloured fungal hyphae. The flock was successfully treated with copper sulphate

- by Ganesh Sawale
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- Veterinary Pathology

BACKGROUND:
In spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilization of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic.
AIM OF THE WORK:
In light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and fetal cerebellar damage that produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Positively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/ kg b.wt. /day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 till day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrified to obtain the fetuses. Pb level in the maternal nd fetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and fetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.
RESULTS:
The results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses in the form of decrease of maternal weight gain, placental and fetal weights, brain weight and diminished fetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared to the control. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of deveopmet of fetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of fetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and fetuses.
KEYWORDS:
garlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead; purkinje cells

The purpose of this paper by the Regulatory Affairs Committee (RAC) of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) is to review the current regulatory guidances (eg, guidelines) and published recommendations for best practices in veterinary toxicologic clinical pathology, particularly in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, and to utilize the combined experience of ASVCP RAC to provide updated recommendations. Discussion points include (1) instrumentation, validation, and sample collection, (2) routine laboratory variables, (3) cytologic laboratory variables, (4) data interpretation and reporting (including peer review, reference intervals and statistics), and (5) roles and responsibilities of clinical pathologists and laboratory personnel. Revision and improvement of current practices should be in alignment with evolving regulatory guidance documents, new technology, and expanding understanding and utility of clinical pathology. These recommendations provide a contemporary guide for the refinement of veterinary toxicologic clinical pathology best practices.

- by Lila Ramaiah and +3
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- Zoology, Veterinary Pathology, Toxicology, Biotechnology

Nekropsi ve Makroskobik Tanı kitabı, öncelikle Veteriner Fakültesi öğrencilerine ders kitabı olarak hazırlanmış ve beş bölümde ele alınmıştır. Birinci bölümde genel nekropsi bilgisi, ikinci bölümde çiftlik hayvanlarının nekropsi teknikleri ve hayvan türlerine göre farklılıkları, üçüncü bölümde makroskobik değişikliklerin görünüş, renk, kıvam ve dağılım gibi ölçütler temel alınarak tanımlama teknikleri anlatılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde patoloji laboratuvarında kullanılan tespit, rutin doku takibi, kesit alma ve preparat boyama konularından, beşinci bölümde ise, şüphelenilen hastalıklara göre organ ve dokulardan alınan örneklerin hangi şartlarda laboratuvarlara gönderileceğinden bahsedilmiştir.
Hazırlanan kitapta konuların, çoğu renkli olmak üzere 152 resim ve 29 şekille desteklenerek daha kolay anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca örnek nekropsi ve epikriz raporu ile örnek biyopsi ve nekropsi istek formu da eklenmiştir.
Veteriner Hekimlik eğitimine, akademisyenlere ve veteriner hekimlere patoloji ve nekropsi alanında önemli katkılar sağlayacağını umduğumuz kitapta kullanılan resimlerin elde edilmesinde emeği geçen ve farklı zamanlarda Anabilim Dalımızda hizmet vermiş tüm Öğretim Elemanlarına ve ayrıca kitabın baskı aşamalarındaki özverili çalışmalarından dolayı S.Ü. Basımevi çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz. Yeni öğretim yılına yetiştirebilmek için mevcut ders notlarının güncellenmesi ve renkli resimler eklenmesiyle kısa sürede hazırlanan bu ders kitabındaki eksik ve hataların tarafımıza bildirilmesi, sonraki baskının daha kusursuz hale getirilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Yapıcı eleştiri ve önerilerini bizlere ileterek destek olacak tüm ilgililere ve meslektaşlarımıza şimdiden şükranlarımızı sunarız.
Yazarlar
Ekim 2016, Konya

- by Fatih Hatipoglu
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- Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Autopsy, Necropsy

West Nile virus (WNV) infection was diagnosed in 38 psittacine birds based on histology, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rosellas ( Platycercus spp, n = 13), conures ( Enicognathus, Aratinga, and Nandayus spp, n = 6), and lorikeets ( Trichoglossus spp, n = 6) represented the most commonly affected species. Clinical signs ranged from lethargy, ruffled feathers, anorexia, and weight loss in most birds to sudden death in others. Except for mild to moderate enlargement of liver and spleen, there were no significant gross lesions at necropsy. Histopathologic findings included lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, myocarditis, splenitis, enteritis, pancreatitis, and occasionally, encephalitis. Viral antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in 34 of 35 hearts (97.1%), 29 of 32 pancreata (90.6%), 33 of 37 kidneys (89.2%), 31 of 35 intestines (88.6%), 27 of 33 gizzards (81.8%), 8 of 10 ovaries (80%), 27 of...

Background: Canine parvoviral enteritis is a highly contagious viral disease of dog that can lead to life-threating illness. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis in dogs of Dhaka City Corporation , Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 545 dogs were examined at Dr. Sagir's Pet Clinics and Research Centre, Dhaka during September 2016 to August 2017. The disease was diagnosed on the basis of clinical history, clinical signs and by CPV rapid Ag kit test. Results: Overall prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis was recorded as 13.94%. The prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis varied significantly (p<0.05) among different aged groups (23.63%, 10.63%, 8.27% in 0-6 months, 7-12 months and above 12 months respectively). Considering seasonal influences, highest prevalence was found in summer season (17.5%) followed by winter (12.12%) and rainy season (11.66%) which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Male dogs (18.74%) were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher susceptible in comparison with female (11.00%). Non-vaccinated dogs (80.0%) were at greater risk than vaccinated (2.58%), (p<0.05). There was significant (p<0.05) difference among various breeds where German Shepherd (40.78%) had highest prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis followed by Labrador (22.36%), Rottweiler (21.05%), Doberman (13.15%) and cross breeds (4.4%). Dogs with poor health condition (20.75%) were more vulnerable than apparently healthy dogs (7.5%), (p<0.05). Conclusion: This result provides an empirical scenario of canine parvoviral enteritis in Dhaka city. Effective routine vaccination and control measures may reduce the disease burden in dog population.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

Scientists from Germany, England, India, Australia and UAE have published books on camel. These are, of course, good books
but as usual their prices are prohibitive for our students, extension workers and even for teachers. Moreover, these books contain
a little information about camels in Pakistan. Therefore, an easy-to-understand book on ‘Production and Management of Camels’
using a question-answer format, has been compiled. This should provide ready-made answers to so many questions simmering in
the minds of students, teachers, researchers and extension specialists. It embodies about 400 questions along with their answers.
The book discusses the distribution of camels in different continents/countries, breeds and types of camels with cross reference to
other species, nutritional physiology and reproductive management, the way camels adapt to hot arid environment, milk and meat
production and work performance, practical management and training of camels, marketing, health care and some diseases,
including valuable information on several other aspects. Camel breeds and camel raising practices in Pakistan have been
adequately discussed.

- by Abdulrahman Bello (DVM, MSc, PhD)
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- Pharmacology, Physiology, Pharmacy, Veterinary Medicine

An encyclopedia should properly encompass the totality of human knowledge, or
at least of some particular sector of it. Not so many years ago it would have been
possible to contain all that was known of animal nutrition in a book the size of this,
for the science of nutrition is young, but such has been the pace of its growth that
that is no longer possible. The nutrition of farm animals is a complex subject, reaching
into biochemistry, physiology, pathology, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry
and agriculture and even, as evidenced in the following pages, beyond
those disciplines. The subject matter of farm animal nutrition is covered in a large
number of text books – most are referred to in the entries of this encyclopedia – but
their arrangement does not lend itself to the rapid recovery of specific pieces of factual
information and it was with that object in view that this encyclopedia was
devised and written. Its aims are completeness, accuracy, succinctness and ease of
access. The aim of completeness – to include as much factual information as possible
– was addressed by embracing all the ramifications of nutrition just mentioned.
Yet, no doubt there are omissions. To achieve a high degree of accuracy authors
were chosen for their expertise in specialized areas of nutrition. But mistakes there
surely are and for those that I have failed to spot I would plead, as that pioneer lexicographer
Dr Johnson famously pleaded, when asked by a lady why he had defined
‘pastern’ as ‘the knee of a horse’, ‘Ignorance, Madam, pure ignorance’. To encompass
the whole of farm animal nutrition in this space obviously requires succinctness
and all the contributors were enjoined to be as brief as possible – though some
found it harder than others. Finally, ease of access is ensured by the alphabetical
arrangement of the entries and the system of cross-references. There is more on

The second edition of Principles of Virology is divided into four major units: The Science of Virology, a brief introduction (61 pp.); Molecular Biology, which takes up half the book (426 pp.); Pathogenesis (205 pp.), with a large section on human immunodeficiency virus (30 pp.); and Control and Evolution (99 pp.). Obviously, the emphasis of the book is on viral replication, and it is wonderfully successful in treating this aspect of virology. This is the most visually attractive virology book ever published, and the effort invested in illustrating replication gratifies the reader. The numerous illustrations are detailed and highly colored and are sequenced so that the reader can easily follow transitions and progress of replication. Photographs of histology, immunofluorescence, and electron micrographs are all superb. The writing style is direct and free of jargon; new terms are introduced in bold type and are further explained in an extensive glossary or in one of the numerous colored boxes that cover background, clarification of terms, explanations of details and specific experiments, and health policy statements. Two excellent appendices cover (A) Structure, Genome Or-

- by Kenneth Nusbaum
- •
- Veterinary Pathology, Molecular Biology, Fisheries Sciences, Veterinary Sciences

Neoplastic diseases are becoming more than a postmortem diagnosis due to the increasing knowledge base and improving quality of avian medicine. The expectation for better health care demands a diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy options. However, the published information regarding prognosis and therapy of specific neoplasms remains limited in avian medicine. With each case report or study that provides this information, there is an improvement in the level of care we can offer our companion avian species. This review will cover some basic information about specific tumor types and will reference the more recent reports in the avian literature. It is not intended to be all encompassing. For further information, there are extensive published lists of the reported avian tumors [1-4] provides a summary of therapies reported in pet birds.

- by Drury Reavill
- •
- Veterinary Pathology
- by Edward Robb
- •
- Veterinary Pathology, Fisheries Sciences, Veterinary Sciences

L'étude a été réalisée sur 723 sujets provenant d'élevages avicoles privés ou
publiques de différentes wilayas de l'Est algérien. Les prélèvements ont été accompagnés
de fiches commémoratives dûment remplies par le vétérinaire. Le pourcentage des
animaux représentant des lésions macroscopiques sans distinction d'âge ni de
spéculation est de 10.51%. Les lésions ont été réparties sur les différents appareils et
organes dont les causes sont multiples ; nutritionnelles et microbiologiques. En effet,
l'autopsie joue un rôle primordial dans le diagnostic des pathologies des volailles mais
elle doit être complété par les examens sérologiques et bactériologiques.
Mots clés : Autopsie, volailles, lésions macroscopiques, diagnostic.

- by Soufian cherki
- •
- Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Poultry Science, Poultry

The study aims to present baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of a poorly known tropical deer species, Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis). The anatomy of female reproductive system is described using seven uniparous hinds, aged between four and eight years. The various reproductive structures were studied via s t a n d a r d d e s c r i p t i v e methods. There was a significant difference in the length and width of both right and left ovaries. The left ovary was slightly larger than the right ovary which indicates that it is physiologically more active. The results of the study showed that the anatomy of female reproductive system of R. timorensis was similar to that observed in domestic ruminants except that the uterus did not have an interconual ligament and this implies that the uterine horns are anchored in such a way that sperm deposited into only one uterine horn of the Rusa deer will be transported to the other uterine horn (interconual transport). Unlike the red brocket deer and pampas deer, the cervix of R. timorensis was characterized by six cervical rings projecting into the cervical canal. This feature should be taken into account when designing effective instrumentation and techniques for transcervical passage of semen during artificial insemination in this species. The results from this study have provided baseline data on the reproductive anatomy of this vulnerable species, and the knowledge generated can be useful in the development of appropriate reproductive techniques in order to increase its population in captivity and also enable easy detection of its reproductive anomalies, thus strategies to propagate and conserve the species can established.

- by Bukar Umaru and +1
- •
- Comparative Anatomy, Veterinary Pathology, Wildlife Biology, Reproduction

This article argues that late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century concepts of disease developed from new interests in anatomy, contemporary ideas in medicine and the intellectual milieu that promoted and contributed to farriery literature. Though ideas and concepts about disease were subject to each farrier’s social, intellectual and practical environment, there were shifts during this period where disease became less symptomatic and more anatomical, and even began to show signs of becoming ontological. This chapter will demonstrate how and why there were changes in the concepts of disease (1680 to 1800) by surveying a chronology of noted eighteenth-century authors and their ideas about glanders.

- by Michael H MacKay
- •
- Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Epidemiology, Veterinary

Various conditions in cats can cause gastrointestinal masses (table 1), not all of which are neoplastic. These present with similar clinical signs, however, including weight loss, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea. Frequently palpable intestinal masses actually involve enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes draining a primary gastrointestinal disease.

- by Geoff Orbell
- •
- Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary, Feline Medicine
- by Rose Raskin
- •
- Veterinary Pathology, Histology, Cytology, Bone marrow

Etude chez les ovins de la région de l'oriental qui a pour objectif de déterminer la prévalence de la maladie chez les ovins dans la région et de ressortir les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et pathologiques.

- by Soufian cherki
- •
- Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology

Avidin-Biotin Technical Handbook

Molecular Pathology Catalog 2014 - 2015

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017, to estimate the prevalence of major gross lung lesions
in cattle slaughtered at Hawassa Municipal Abattoir, southern Ethiopia. A total of 563 male cattle were examined by antemortem
examination, while postmortem lung lesions were done using standard inspection procedures. Association between prevalence
and the explanatory variables was estimated by way of chi-square/Fischer’s exact tests using statistical packages for social science
(SPSS) software. Upon postmortem examination, 96.6% (544/563) of cattle examined had various gross lung lesions. The most
important lesions identified were hydatidosis, emphysema, congestion, and atelectasis with prevalence of 45.3%, 19.2%, 18.1%, and
6.4%, respectively. Based on origins of slaughtered animals, hydatid cyst, emphysema, and congestion were common in cattle that
came from Tula area with prevalence of 46.3%, 20.4%, and 20%, respectively. The animals from Arsi-negelle and Hawassa were
mostly affected by hydatid cyst with prevalence of 44.4% and 42.5%, respectively. Statistically significant association (𝑝 = .038) was
observed between prevalence of atelectasis and body condition of slaughtered cattle. In conclusion, the prevalence of hydatidosis
was themajor lesion in the lung of slaughtered cattle atHawassaMunicipalAbattoir.Therefore, appropriate disease control strategies
should be put in place.

- by BIRUK A L E M U BASORE
- •
- Veterinary Pathology

Pigs are one of the favorite lifestock in Bali, besides it is one needs for food,
ceremony and as well as it is can be given a wide range of feed. But people
have a fear of diseases that can attack their pigs. One is kolibasilosis
caused by the bacteria E. Coli. The disease is feared because it can cause 2
economic losses caused by poor growth, weight loss, and even death so the
price of piglets decreased. This study aims to determine PathologyAnatomy, Histopathology, and Bacteriology about Colibasillosis happened
at Banjar Badung, Ayunan Village, District Abiansemal, Badung regency.
11 of 150 piglets are sick and quarantined within the last 5 days. 3 of the 11
piglets were dying. Piglets vaccinated against Hog Cholera. From the
necropsy examination results of Pathology-Anatomy, then the samples were
taken from each organ for examination Histopathology and bacteriology
obtained positive results of infected with the bacteria E. Coli.
Keyword : E. Coli, Colibasiosis, piglet

- by raja manullang
- •
- Pathology, Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology, Animal Studies