Veterinary Pathology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Texila International Journal of Public Health

Twenty albino mice of both sexes were used in this study. The animals were kept in steel cages of the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine of Tikrit University. The animals were distributed into two groups. Group A (10) animals were administered ivermectin subcutaneously (s/c) at a dose of 0.02mg/kg every 48 hours for two weeks. Group B (10), considered as control, received normal saline for two weeks' s/c too. The whole animals were sacrificed by a deep, intensive dose of chloroform in closed glass box. Histological Technique was done to obtain tissues from the kidney, liver and stomach. The results were indicated that the kidney tissue had sloughing of the bowman's capsule, lymphocytic aggregation on glomerular surfaces, widening of capsular space and presence of glomerular filtrate in the lumen of proximal and distal convoluted tubules with hypertrophy of epithelial cells of those tubules and the liver tissue demonstrated the presence of hyperplasia of liver cells, presence of many Kupffer cells in the narrowed blood sinusoids and pyknosis of many nuclei of liver cells. The gastric mucosa was demonstrated the degeneration of epithelial cells of gastric pits and damage to the chief cells and parietal cells of lamina propria with WBCs infiltration in the interstitial c.t of gastric mucosa. In conclusion: the chemical drug ivermectin had many histopathological effects on the visceral organs although consider as anti-parasitic drug used commonly in the world.

2025

Sapium baccatum is usually used as a timber in Malaysia. Its medicinal values are not well known and very little research has been conducted concerning the plant. Consequently, this study was conducted to observe toxicity effects of hexane extract of stem bark of S. baccatum. The toxicity effects were assessed through observation of physiological changes of the rats as well as through gross and histological examinations of its livers. The doses for the treated groups were given intraperitoneally for T2, T3 and T4 group which were given 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, control group (T1) was administered with 80% PEG 200 only. The observation period was 14 days. If the rat died, it was dissected and the liver was removed and examined. Some physiological effects observed include ataxia and hind-legs paralysis. The gross observations of the livers, growth of abnormal spots and connective tissues attachment to lobes of the livers were observed. The experiment was followed by histopathological observation, which indicated the presence of abnormal hepatocytes with a distorted shape and undefined cell linings for T2 group. Results also indicated an increase in the distortion of hepatocytes, presence of massive cytoplasm and necrosis of hepatocytes for T3 and T4 groups. The results suggest that non polar extract of the stem bark of S. baccatum may promote toxic effects to the animals.

2025

Background: Epizootic lymphangitis (EL), caused by Histoplasma capsulatum variety farciminosum (HCF) is a contagious chronic disease of equines characterized by development of nodular lesions in the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels and skin. This disease is the most important diseases of equines in Ethiopia causing a significant economic loss, particularly cart pulling equines. Todate there is no sound diagnostic nor control measure implemented in the country. Furthermore, there is a shortage of data on the epidemiology of the disease in different regions of the country including northern Ethiopia. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of EL in northern Ethiopia using the conventional methods and the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: A total of 191 cart-horses were enrolled and used as sources of pus and blood samples. The blood was used for the extraction of the DNA of HCF from buffy coat for nested PCR while the pus samples were cultured on Sabourau...

2025, Role of nanotechnology in treatment of bovine mastitis. In: Nisa ZU, Altaf S, Zahra A and Saeed K (eds), Nanobiotech in Holistic Health: Innovations for Integrated Well-being.

Mastitis is an inflammatory transformation of the mammary along with chemical and microbiological changes. Mastitis is a serious problem in dairy animals as it affects both their welfare and productivity and is associated with economic loss and public health concerns. Antibiotics have a key role in mastitis control programs, although there's a continuous search for new effective therapeutic alternatives. Another public health concern about mastitis is the antibiotic residues in milk owing to the improper use of antibiotics in treatment and control and the withdrawal time, which is not considered. These residues may cause a severe allergic reaction and sensitization in normal individuals when present at a low level. Drug delivery depending on nanotechnology allows medications to be deposited, maintained, and released gradually at specific sites, addressing some of the drawbacks of traditional medications, such as antibiotic resistance. To overcome antibiotic resistance Nanoparticles have emerged as new tools against bacterial infections. Metals, including copper, silver, and zinc, have been used due to their antibacterial properties. This chapter presents an overview of alternative solutions that may become popular in mastitis treatment.

2025, March-2019

Aim: This study was conducted to know the genetic variability of rabies viruses (RVs) from wild animals in India. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 rabies suspected brain samples of wild animals from different states of India were included in the study. The samples were subjected for direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The phylogenetic analysis of partial nucleoprotein gene sequences was performed. Results: Of 20 samples, 11, 10, and 12 cases were found positive by dFAT, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Indian wild RVs isolates belonged to classical genotype 1 of Lyssavirus and were closely related to Arctic/Arctic-like single cluster indicating the possibility of a spillover of rabies among different species. Conclusion: The results indicated the circulation of similar RVs in sylvatic and urban cycles in India. How...

2025, Veterinary Pathology

The purpose of this study was to determine by immunohistochemistry the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in ovarian follicular structures from cows with cystic ovarian disease (COD) and to compare these with normal ovarian structures. Secondary, tertiary, atretic, and cystic follicles were evaluated. The follicular cysts of animals with COD presented a significantly higher expression of estrogen receptor a in all follicular layers than secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles in both groups (P , .05). The intensity of estrogen receptor b in the granulosa cell layer was stronger in tertiary than in secondary and atretic follicles in normal animals (P , .05) and in growing and cystic follicles in animals with COD (P , .05). Theca cells were scarcely stained in the 2 groups. Growing follicles and cysts from COD animals were less stained than tertiary follicles from normal animals (P , .05). Differences did not exist between the 2 groups with regard to the progesterone receptor. Ovaries of animals with COD exhibited altered estrogen receptors expression compared with that in normal animals.

2025, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Objective—To determine whether withdrawing feed from pigs prior to slaughter had any effects on prevalence or severity of gastric ulcers. Design—Split-plot design. Animals—873 pigs. Procedures—At the finishing barn, pigs were assigned to 30 pens. Feed withdrawal times (0, 12, or 24 hours) were assigned to pens at random, and pigs in each pen were marketed in 3 groups over a period of 4 weeks. The first marketing group consisted of the 10 heaviest pigs in each pen, the second consisted of the next 10 heaviest, and the third consisted of all remaining pigs. Feed was withheld from all pigs in each pen prior to removal of each marketing group. Thus, feed was withheld once, twice, or 3 times for pigs in the first, second, and third marketing groups, respectively. Results—Feed withdrawal time was not significantly associated with ulcer score at the time of slaughter. Ulcer scores and prevalence of chronic damage were higher in the third marketing group, regardless of feed withdrawal time....

2025, UKR Publisher

This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of brucellosis among sheep and goats in a Research Farm in Zaria, Nigeria. Whole blood and serum samples from 580 small ruminants (265 from goats and 315 from sheep) were respectively cultured and serologically screened using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and Serum agglutination test (SAT). Notably, although no Brucella growth were observed from the blood cultures, antibodies were detected by the RBPT and SAT among goats (33.58%, 89/265; 25.66%, 68/265) and sheep (33.65%, 106/315; 6.35%, 20/315) respectively. Females of both species were observed to have a significantly higher seroprevalence from the RBPT compared to males (P<0.05). Our findings raise serious reproductive, economic and public health concerns and we recommend improved surveillance and screening particularly prior to introduction of new animals into the farm.

2025, Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal

Concurrent administration of drugs may alter their pharmacokinetic parameters, so; investigation to what extent bromhexine hydrochloride affects the pharmacokinetic behavior of tilmicosin was our aim of this work. Ten broiler chickens were classified into two groups as follow, the first one (tilmicosin group) was given single oral dose of tilmicosin (20 mg/kg.b.wt.) while the 2nd (pre-treated group) was given single oral dose of bromhexine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg.b.wt.) followed by single oral dose of tilmicosin (20 mg/kg.b.wt.) one hour later. The serum concentration of tilmicosin was measured using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results revealed that the mean serum concentrations of tilmicosin were significantly lower in pre-treated group when compared with tilmicosin alone group at the corresponding time intervals. Pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly differed (p<0.001) between both groups. The maximum serum concentration were (Cmax0.70±0.02, 0....

2025, Research Journal for Veterinary Practitioners

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in a vaccinated herd of cross-bred cattle and buffaloes at Islamabad capital territory (ICT) area of Pakistan was investigated. The herd was vaccinated three months ago by a locally manufactured FMD vaccine. Although the cattle and buffaloes were of similar vaccination status yet the disease affected only the cross-bred cattle where as no clinical signs were appeared in buffaloes. In a herd of 81 animals, disease occurred in 5 out of 35 cross bred cattle within three days of the index case. Disease spread quickly and a total of 10 cases occurred during the first week yet no clinical disease occurred in buffaloes. Tissue epithelial samples from affected cattle were found positive against serotype "O" of FMDV using ELISA test. The possible source of the outbreak virus could be the mix grazing with local animals where disease was reported earlier. Another feature of the outbreak was the happening of disease within three months of vaccination which indicated vaccine failure. The investigation suggests the monitoring of FMD vaccination being carried out as well as the immunity and resistance studies in buffaloes to FMDV.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Bone structure is modulated by the interaction between receptor activator of nuclear factor–κB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL). Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL, modifies osteoclast-mediated bone resorption directly and spares articular cartilage indirectly in rodents with immune-mediated arthritis by preventing subchondral bone destruction. The OPG/RANKL balance also seems to be critical in maintaining joint integrity in osteoarthritis, a condition featuring articular bone and cartilage damage in the absence of profound inflammation. The current study explored the role of OPG in sparing articular cartilage by evaluating joint lesions in adult C57BL/6J mice lacking osteoprotegerin ( Opg−/−). At 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 months of age, both sexes of Opg−/− mice developed severe degenerative joint disease (DJD) characterized by progressive loss of cartilage matrix and eventually articular cartilage. Lesions developed earlier and more severely in Opg−/− mice relative to age-ma...

2025, Veterinary World

Background and Aim: Canine mammary cancer (CMC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in female dogs, sharing significant pathological and molecular similarities with human breast cancer (HBC). Despite the availability of various... more

2025, Veterinary World

Background and Aim: Capsaicin (CAP), the pungent component of chili peppers, possesses diverse bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. However, its impact on gastrointestinal integrity... more

2025, Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) pathology is extremely rare in canine practice, with insufficient reported data. The knowledge of the clinical behavior of this pathology is scarce. In human medicine, SM has been widely investigated, being defined as a rare hematopoietic disorder by the World Health Organization (2016), within the type of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Herein, we describe a systemic mastocytosis case in a Portuguese Serra-da-Estrela dog, where a cutaneous grade III/high-grade MCT was also diagnosed. The clinical decline of the animal and owner's insistence throughout anamnesis that the dog was markedly different after the cytologic exam performed in another clinic, along with both severe eosinophilia and hepatomegaly, led to the clinical suspicion of SM. The animal passed away 7 days later. Post-mortem investigation confirmed SM pathology, and a deletion of 15 base pairs change on c-Kit gene exon 11 was identified. Contemplating the low number of cases described in the literature, this publication aims to disclose clinical and laboratory features of rare and poorly described canine SM, taking into consideration human outcomes described in the literature.

2025, Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science

2025, March-2019

Aim: This study aimed to conduct a clinical-histopathological and molecular evaluation of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Awassi sheep in various regions of Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 sheep were clinically evaluated, and the wheelbarrow test was performed. 100 samples (35 blood, 25 lung tissue, 20 lymph node, and 20 lung fluid samples) were randomly selected from living and slaughtered sheep. All samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological examinations were performed for four lung tissue and two lymph node samples. Results: A diagnosis of OPA was made based on the results of the clinical examination and the clinical signs shown by the animals, such as dyspnea, polypnea, coughing, mucous nasal discharge, moist rales on auscultation of the affected lungs, and emaciation. Interestingly, the animals tested positive for the wheelbarrow test, with frothy nares accompanied by profuse and clear lung fluid. Hist...

2025, Emerging Infectious Diseases

Serologic evidence suggests that West Nile virus (WNV) is widely distributed in horses in southern Africa. However, because few neurologic cases have been reported, endemic lineage 2 strains were postulated to be nonpathogenic in horses. Recent evidence suggests that highly neuroinvasive lineage 2 strains exist in humans and mice. To determine whether neurologic cases are being missed in southern Africa, we tested 80 serum or brain specimens from horses with unexplained fever (n = 48) and/or neurologic signs (n = 32) for WNV. From March 2007 through June 2008, using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA, we found WNV RNA or IgM in 7/32 horses with acute neurologic disease; 5 horses died or were euthanized. In 5/7 horses, no other pathogen was detected. DNA sequencing for all 5 RT-PCR-positive cases showed the virus belonged to lineage 2. WNV lineage 2 may cause neurologic disease in horses in southern Africa. W est Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-born flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae, is widely distributed throughout Africa, the Middle East, Asia, parts of Europe, Australia, North and South America, and the Caribbean. The WNV transmission cycle involves birds as vertebrate hosts and ornithophilic mosquitoes as maintenance vectors (1). Isolates of WNV fall into 2 major genetic lineages: lineage 1 is found in North America, North Africa, Europe, and Australia; lineage 2 strains are endemic to southern Africa and Madagascar (2,3). Recently, additional lineages in central and eastern Europe (lineages 3 and 4) (4,5) and India (lineage 5) have been reported (6). Humans and horses are incidental hosts for WNV (7). Although most infections are benign, ≈20% of infected persons have fever, rash, arthralgia, and myalgia, and for ≈1% of these, severe disease, including meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, and polio-like flaccid paralysis, may develop. Rare cases result in hepatitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis (8), and death (1). Signs in horses are ataxia, weakness, recumbency, and muscle fasciculation (9-11). Seroepidemiologic studies suggest that asymptomatic infections frequently occur in horses (12,13), but neurologic infections result in a high case-fatality rate (30%-40%) (14). In 2002 the largest outbreak of WNV encephalomyelitis in horses was recorded in the United States; 15,257 cases were reported from 40 states (11). This outbreak was followed in 2003 by the largest outbreak in humans in the Northern Hemisphere (9,832 cases) (1). The number of cases among horses was greatly reduced after the introduction of an inactivated vaccine for animals . In the Karoo, a semidesert region in South Africa, in 1974, WNV caused one of the largest outbreaks ever recorded in humans, affecting tens of thousands of people. During this outbreak thousands of persons visited their local clinicians; however, no cases of neurologic disease were reported. In the 1980s, an epizootic involving WNV and Sindbis virus occurred in the Witwatersrand area of the Gauteng Province in South Africa; this epizootic

2025, Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere

2025

A metastatic form of cutaneous transmissible venereal tumor was diagnosed in a mongrel dog. The dog had non-fluctuating and ulcerating neoplastic nodules throughout the subcutis with a history of spontaneous regression and recurrence of new growths at different sites. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on fine needle aspiration cytology of neoplastic nodules and an impression smear of ulcerated lesions, which was confirmed by histopathology. Erythrocyte oxidant-antioxidant status revealed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes, which might have been due to the direct influence of the tumor or by associated factors such as tumor necrosis and/or the inflammatory changes. Increased early apoptosis was observed in peripheral blood leukocytes. Treatment with Vincristin along with other supportive therapy yielded an unfavorable outcome due to the advanced stage of malignancy.Metastaze kože prenosivoga veneričnoga tumora dijagnosticirane su u psa mješovite pasmi...

2025

A metastatic form of cutaneous transmissible venereal tumor was diagnosed in a mongrel dog. The dog had non-fl uctuating and ulcerating neoplastic nodules throughout the subcutis with a history of spontaneous regression and recurrence of new growths at different sites. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on fi ne needle aspiration cytology of neoplastic nodules and an impression smear of ulcerated lesions, which was confi rmed by histopathology. Erythrocyte oxidant-antioxidant status revealed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes, which might have been due to the direct infl uence of the tumor or by associated factors such as tumor necrosis and/or the infl ammatory changes. Increased early apoptosis was observed in peripheral blood leukocytes. Treatment with Vincristin along with other supportive therapy yielded an unfavorable outcome due to the advanced stage of malignancy.

2025, Veterinarski Arhiv

Clinico-pathological fi ndings in a case of canine cutaneous metastatic transmissible venereal tumor. Vet. arhiv 82, 401-410, 2012. ABSTRACT A metastatic form of cutaneous transmissible venereal tumor was diagnosed in a mongrel dog. The dog had non-fl uctuating and ulcerating neoplastic nodules throughout the subcutis with a history of spontaneous regression and recurrence of new growths at different sites. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on fi ne needle aspiration cytology of neoplastic nodules and an impression smear of ulcerated lesions, which was confi rmed by histopathology. Erythrocyte oxidant-antioxidant status revealed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes, which might have been due to the direct infl uence of the tumor or by associated factors such as tumor necrosis and/or the infl ammatory changes. Increased early apoptosis was observed in peripheral blood leukocytes. Treatment with Vincristin along with other supportive therapy yielded an u...

2025, Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

This study compares the efficacy of skin impression with acetate tape and the deep skin scraping test to find D. canis and S. scabieiin dogs. During six months, 134 samples were collected by both techniques from 115 dogs treated at the dermatology service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM). Of these patients, 27 had demodicosis and 12 had scabies. The impression with acetate tape test (ITT) was shown to be significantly superior to the deep skin scraping test (DSST) in finding D. canis and S. scabiei mites (p = 0.007). Based on our results we could conclude that acetate tape impression is a reliable method for diagnosing and monitoring therapy of dermatopathies caused by mites and can be used to replace the traditional deep skin scraping method. In addition, since it is less traumatic for the dog, this method shows more acceptance by the owner.

2025, Ruminant Science

How to cite this manuscript: Kalwaniya Manoj Kumar, Goklaney Deepika and Sain Manohar Lal (2024). Seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat in Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. Ruminant Science 13(1):141-147. A total of 140... more

2025

Veterinary pathology specialists deal with a wide range of challenges in order to practice and provide useful results from analyzing deceased animals. The large number of species is certainly a first step that makes education in Veterinary Pathology so exciting. Knowing animal diseases is the basis of what we understand from comparative pathology and its contribution to public and environmental health. Recently a new search for veterinary pathology work is asked in situations that death of animals is linked to crime, or a crime scene investigation is taking place. Law Enforcement asks for Expert Witness Testimony to analyze cause of death of one, or even several animals that can be involved in a crime scene investigation. Different from a routine necropsy, forensic necropsies usually have medico-legal interest and this changes completely the scenario. For this purpose, postmortem examination requires additional and rigorous documentation of all steps taken from the crime scene, gross and microscopically detected lesions in the bodies and collected samples that will be analyzed in special laboratories. Criminal actions in which animals might be involved, either as a victim, a testimony or a perpetrator need a correct interpretation.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Canine nonangiogenic, nonlymphogenic, gastrointestinal sarcomas have been previously diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), leiomyosarcomas, or nonspecified spindle cell sarcomas, but diagnostic criteria for each entity are poorly defined. We propose a classification for canine nonangiogenic, nonlymphogenic, gastrointestinal sarcomas based on microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics. Applying the classification to 40 canine nonangiogenic, nonlymphogenic, gastrointestinal sarcomas documented its diagnostic and prognostic value. Eighteen (45%) sarcomas were classified as GIST based on positive KIT immunoreactivity. All GISTs were positive for vimentin, 14 (78%) were positive for S-100, and 6 (33%) were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA). In contrast to their human counterparts, canine GISTs occurred mainly in the small intestine (67%) but commonly metastasized (5/18) to liver, lymph nodes, and omentum. Six GISTs had an activated KIT mutation in exon 11 of c-Kit, but no mutations were detected in exons 8, 9, 13, and 17. Twelve (30%) sarcomas were classified as leiomyosarcomas based on positive labeling for SMA and negative labeling for KIT. Four of these neoplasms were well differentiated leiomyosarcomas characterized by weak to no labeling for vimentin, and 8 were poorly differentiated leiomyosarcomas characterized by strong labeling for vimentin. None of the leiomyosarcomas metastasized, but poorly differentiated leiomyosarcomas had a higher risk of local invasion. Ten (25%) sarcomas were classified as non-GIST/nonleiomyosarcomas that were negative for KIT and SMA but positive for vimentin and either S-100 and/or PGP 9.5. These neoplasms most likely represent sarcomas of neurogenic differentiation resembling Schwann cells or perineurial or endoneurial fibroblasts, respectively.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Canine distemper virus commonly infects free-ranging, terrestrial mesopredators throughout the United States. Due to the immunosuppressive effects of the virus, concurrent opportunistic infections are also common. Among these, secondary systemic protozoal infections have been described in a number of species. We report an unusual presentation of necrotizing encephalitis associated with Sarcocystis sp in four raccoons and one skunk concurrently infected with canine distemper virus. Lesions were characterized by variably sized necrotizing cavitations composed of abundant mineral admixed with inflammatory cells and protozoa. Sarcocystis sp was confirmed via immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to Sarcocystis neurona. The pathologic changes are similar to lesions in human AIDS patients infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

2025, Veterinary pathology

We report the identification of a novel papillomavirus, Fulmarus glacialis papillomavirus 1 (FgPV1), present within an interdigital foot mass of a Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). The mass of interest was composed of normal stratified and keratinized epithelium and dense mesenchymal cells with central cartilaginous islands. Within the nuclei of many chondrocytes were loose aggregates or paracrystalline arrays of virions approximately 50 nm in size. Degenerate polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the virus as a putative papillomavirus, and the entire viral genome of 8132 base pairs was subsequently amplified and sequenced. Analysis revealed canonical papillomavirus architecture, including the early open reading frames E6, E7, E1, and E2 and the 2 late proteins L1 and L2. FgPV1 is most closely related to a cluster of avian and reptilian papillomaviruses as visualized by phylogenetic trees. This observation suggests that papillomavirus virion production can occur in mese...

2025

Thirty sheep/lambs were brought for post mortem in Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, LUVAS and Central Sheep Breeding Farm, Hisar, which were investigated for gastrointestinal tract pathology in laboratory of Department of Veterinary Pathology. Mortality was maximum in sheep/lambs of age group 6 months to 1 year and higher in males than females. Gross pathological changes in gastro intestinal system noticed were congestion in abomasum, intestine, pancreas, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. H istopathologically, there was congestion, desquamation of mucosal epithelium, submucosa in abomasum and small intestine including goblet cell hyperplasia. Congestion along with mild necrosis in pancreatic acini, liver parenchyma, peri portal area and mesenteric lymph node was observed along with haemorrhage in peri portal area and thrombosis of portal blood vessel in liver. Cloudy swelling, fatty changes, centrilobular necrosis in parenchyma and bile duct hyperplasia in liver was also reported.

2025

a coccidiose aviaire est une maladie ayant de graves conséquences économiques. Elle est provoquée par des parasites à développement intracellulaire obligatoire appelés Eimeria. Chez le poulet, neuf espèces sont en cause. Elles se développent spécifiquement dans les entérocytes de l'épithélium intestinal, ce qui engendre des perturbations de l'homéostasie pouvant conduire à la mort de l'animal. La prophylaxie repose sur l'utilisation d'anticoccidiens et sur la vaccination. Le coût élevé des vaccins, et l'apparition de résistances aux anticoccidiens soulignent la nécessité de trouver des moyens de lutte alternative. L'utilisation de produits à base de plantes médicinales est l'une des méthodes alternatives. Ces plantes restent le premier réservoir de nouvelles molécules chimiques nécessaires à la mise en point de futurs médicaments. Notre travail vise à tester quelques unes de ces plantes, Peganum harmala, Retama sphaerocarpa et les grains de Pollen contre la coccidiose in vitro. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les différents extraits de ces plantes détruisent les oocystes d'Eimeria sp de manière dose dépendante, dans un intervalle de concentration situé entre 10 et 30mg/ml. Exprimé sous forme de LC50, les résultats indiquent que le traitement le plus toxique ou coccidiocide est celui de l'extrait aqueux de Retama sphaerocarpa suivi par les extraits méthanoliques de Peganum harmala, Retama sphaerocarpa, et le Pollen avec des proportions d'oocystes détruits de 48%, 33%, 29%, et 21,5% respectivement en comparaison avec le témoin (p < 0,05). Une importante libération de matériaux cellulaires absorbants à 273nm est également observée. Elle varie de manière linéaire et proportionnelle à la concentration des différents extraits (5, 10, 20 et 30mg/ml). Ces résultats reflètent une variabilité quantitative et qualitative dans le pouvoir coccidioside des différents extraits. Cela est du probablement à la répartition très inégale de leur métabolites, dont plusieurs activités biologiques ont été démontrées par diverses études chimiques, biochimiques, et microbiologiques.

2025, Veterinary World

Background and Aim: The capa plant (Blumea balsamifera L.) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in many parts of the world, including South Aceh, Indonesia. It is generally used for wound healing due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is only available as extract or oil, and no gel formulation exists so far. Thus, in this study, we formulated the extract into a pharmaceutical gel and investigated its effectiveness in healing incision wounds in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods: We collected B. balsamifera leaf samples from Gunongpulo village, South Aceh, Indonesia. We then produced leaf extract through maceration and formulated the extract into a gel using Carbopol 940, methylparaben, triethanolamine, and propylene glycol. We applied the gel to incision wounds in white rats for 7 and 14 days. We then monitored wound healing based on wound length, histology of skin tissues, and levels of cytokine 2 (interleukin-2 [I...

2025, Folia biologica

More than a decade of experimental work in an inbred subline of Sprague-Dawley rats having high incidence of spontaneous T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia is reviewed. Longitudinal follow-up of biological characteristics (growth, survival, haematology) of both multiple cases of primary disease and s.c. passaged lymphomas as well as comparative immunophenotypic and karyotypic studies are concluded. In these T-cell lymphomas (mostly CD4 positive), arising on the same genetic background of the inbred SD strain, the aberrations involving chromosome 11 have been recognized as a typical non-random cytogenetic marker. This unique rat model of lymphoblastic lymphomas/leukaemias, relevant to human pathology, seems to be very suitable for testing different anticancer therapeutic strategies, as it is documented by results of a number of various protocols conducted in our laboratory.

2025, Veterinary World

In this study, it was aimed to determine the concentration of some important acute phase proteins (APPs) and some biochemical parameters pre-operative and post-operative in calves with omphalitis. A total of 20 calves were used in the study and they consist of 10 clinically healthy calves that were used as a control and 10 calves with omphalitis were used as the treatment group. Blood samples were collected from Vena jugularis of animals to tubes with anticoagulant (sodium citrate) and without anticoagulants, pre-operative (day 0), and post-operative (day 7). Samples were used to determine the concentration of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen, glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, total bilirubin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations. Results: While the Hp, SAA, Cp, fibrinogen, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, ALP, and GGT concentrations were statistically and significantly increasing rather than the control group during the pre-operative period for calves with omphalitis, they decreased to the post-operative period. Moreover, an insignificant increase in the glucose, total protein, and AST concentrations and an insignificant decrease in the albumin, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were statistically determined. We have the opinion that the assessment of biochemical parameters and especially APP levels in calves with the omphalitis together with the clinical findings may be important in terms of the treatment and prognosis.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Hydrocephalus is uncommon in horses. However, in recent years, it has become clear that the prevalence of hydrocephalus is greater in Friesian horses than in other breeds probably due to their limited gene pool. Before identification of candidate genes that predispose to the development of hydrocephalus in Friesian horses can be pursued, an in-depth, phenotypic, pathological description of the condition in Friesians would be of great benefit. Our study aimed to characterize the morphology of hydrocephalus in Friesian horses, to support further investigation of the genetic background of this condition. Four stillborn Friesian foals with hydrocephalus were examined macroscopically and microscopically and compared with 2 normal stillborn Friesian foals without hydrocephalus. In all clinical cases, tetraventricular and venous dilatations were observed, together with malformation of the petrosal bone and, as a result, narrowing of the jugular foramen. These observations suggest a communicative hydrocephalus with a diminished absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the systemic circulation at the venous sinuses due to a distorted, nonfunctional jugular foramen. This type of hydrocephalus is also recognized in humans and dogs and has been linked genetically to chondrodysplasia; this has already been recognized in dwarfism, which is another monogenetic defect in Friesian horses.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Suspected Streptomyces spp infections were identified in 4 cats at UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 1982 and 2011. Three had ulcerated, dark red mycetomas involving the dermis, subcutis, and fascia with fistulous tracts and/or regional lymphadenopathy. One cat had pyogranulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis. Granulomatous inflammation in all cats contained colonies of Gram-positive, non-acid-fast organisms. All 4 cats failed to respond to aggressive medical and surgical treatment and were euthanized. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to selectively harvest DNA from the affected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Cloned amplicons from LCM-derived tissue confirmed the presence of Streptomyces spp in the dermatitis cases. Amplicons from the remaining cat with peritoneal involvement aligned with the 16S ribosomal RNA gene for Actinomycetales. Usually considered a contaminant, Streptomyces spp can be associated with refractory pyogranulomatous dermatitis and cellulitis in cats with outdoor access. LCM is useful in the diagnosis of bacterial diseases where contamination may be an issue.

2025, Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 59 Issue 6 (June 2025)

Theilerosis is the most important common vector (Tick) born and hemoprotozoan diseases (TBDS) which pose a serious threat to the livestock population in terms of mortality, reduced milk yield and lowered draft power. The disease is having impact on biochemistry and systemic functions affecting at different stages of production and reproduction of dairy cattle as well as there is lack of accurate diagnosis of this disease. A total 1900 cases were suspected for theileriosis on the basis of clinical signs and total 950 cases were found positive for theileriosis on the basis of blood smear examination. As per the stages of pregnancy and lactation, the cases were classified as cows in early pregnancy, cows in late pregnancy, cows in post parturient stage, cows in early and late lactation period. Biochemical alterations like increased AST, ALT and BUN level indicating liver and kidney dysfunctions in all the groups and significantly higher in post parturient group. The serum phosphorus, calcium and magnesium level decreased in all the affected groups and mostly in late pregnancy period and post parturient stage indicating metabolic disturbances during the disease which were aggravated during theileriosis. Through molecular diagnosis 114 cows (65.51%) were found positive for T. annulata and 41 cows (22.9%) were found positive for T. orientalis and 19 cows (10.9%) were found positive for both Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the accession number for Theileria annulata was OQ230445 which is having 100% similarity with puri isolate and 98% similarity with Khorda isolate and the accession number for T. orientalis was OQ 230446 having 85% similarity with Khorda isolate. On necropsy, the animals were weak, debilitated with atrophy of the muscles. In some cases, the liver was enlarged, markedly congested and in some cases yellowish tinged surface and cut edges with distension of gall bladder was evident. Abomasal ulcers were distinct and considered as pathognomonic. On histopathological examination, the liver revealed necrosis of hepatocytes with sinusoidal congestion and infiltration of mononuclear cells. In lymphnode, there was depletion of lymphocytes in lymphoid follicles with congestion and haemorrhage. Pulmonary edema was also evident in few cases.

2025, Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 59 Issue 6 (June 2025)

Background: This study was designed to elucidate the clinicopathological and ultrastructural alterations in experimentally induced necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens and the present study acknowledged pronounced clinical signs, gross, histopathological and ultrastructural lesions in the chickens infected by both Clostridium perfringens type A, type C and coccidia infection. Methods: The day-old chickens were divided in to five groups including control. NE was induced by Clostridium perfringens, type-A and C with and without coccidia infection to the designated experimental groups in this study. Result: The clinical signs, hematology and biochemical parameters were evaluated in this study. Clinical indicators included diarrhea, ruffled feathers, dehydration, depression and a drop in TEC, Hb% and PCV% were noticeable. There was also a large increase in TLC and DC, a significant increase in ALT, AST and a decrease in total protein. In the intestine and other organs, there were noticeable inflammatory gross lesions and histological lesions. Transmission electron microscopic (TEC) observation of intestine revealed disruption of intercellular junction complexes, delimitation of enterocytes, disintegration of nucleus, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and cristeolysis of mitochondria. The present work will be an admiring contribution to inclusive study of the NE in chicken in terms of clinicopathology and ultrastructural lesions.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

A spontaneous case of unilateral true hermaphroditism was observed during the routine necropsy of a 9–week-old presumed female Sprague-Dawley rat on a repeat-dose toxicity study. There were no drug-related effects observed. True hermaphroditism is rare in rats, and despite the large numbers of rats examined annually, few cases are reported in the literature.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Tumor protein 53 ( TP53) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in urinary bladder tumors in both humans and animals. In cattle, urinary bladder tumors have been reported as occurring spontaneously as well as in conjunction with bracken fern consumption-induced bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). The goal of this study was to evaluate various types of bovine urinary bladder neoplasms for the presence of TP53 alterations, using the polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method. DNA was extracted from both epithelial and mesenchymal urinary bladder tumor samples in cattle, associated with the chronic consumption of bracken fern. PCR was performed using primers targeted to exons 5 to 8, following electrophoresis and isolation, and the products were assessed by SSCP. Tumors in which alterations in the electrophoresis patterns were noted included hemangiomas, papillomas, and carcinomas in situ. Exemplars of these tumor types were selected...

2025, Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet. …

Resumen La Pythiosis es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica que afecta a humanos ya varias especies animales, causada por el oomyceto Pythium insidiosum. En Venezuela, la pythiosis en perros ha sido reportada en su forma gastrointestinal... more

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Histologic findings are described for 408 feather-picking or self-mutilating psittacines with the use of biopsies from clinically affected and unaffected skin. Inflammatory skin disease was diagnosed in 210 birds, and traumatic skin disease was diagnosed in 198 birds. Criteria used for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin disease included the presence of perivascular inflammation in the superficial or deep dermis of clinically affected and unaffected sites. The primary histologic criteria for the diagnosis of traumatic skin disease were superficial dermal scarring with or without inflammation in the affected sites and an absence of inflammation in the unaffected sites. The inflammatory cells associated with the lesions were typically lymphocytes and occasionally plasma cells, histiocytes, and granulocytes. A preponderance of inflammatory skin disease was seen in macaws ( Ara spp.) and Amazon parrots ( Amazona spp.). A preponderance of traumatic skin disease was seen in cockatoos ( Cac...

2025, Veterinary world/Veterinary World

Background and Aim: Kathmandu is a densely populated metropolitan city in Nepal. In recent years, however, the metropolis has been ranked as one of the most polluted cities worldwide. Both humans and animals are susceptible to various respiratory diseases due to chronic exposure to polluted air. Due to the relative similarities in the anatomical structure and physiological functions of the respiratory system between humans and dogs, polluted environments may lead to respiratory illness in similar ways in both species living in the valley. On the basis of information on the air quality in the valley, this study was conceived to assess pulmonary illness in street dogs to discern the health hazards caused by polluted air. A total of 76 dogs with clinical signs of tachypnea, dyspnea, sneezing, coughing, mucopurulent discharge, moderate hyperthermia, and anorexia admitted from July 2020 to November 2020 in Animal Nepal for treatment were included in this study. Among them, 24 animals responded to treatment, and 52 dogs died during their stay in the hospital. The 52 dead animals were necropsied, and the lesions that resembled pulmonary anthracosis were further studied grossly and histologically in a blinded fashion by trained veterinary pathologists. Results: Significant morphological alterations were observed in the lungs and associated lymph nodes of 25 animals, indicating pulmonary anthracosis. Gross morphological changes included multiple black foci with hemorrhage, congestion, nodular, and emphysema on the parietal and visceral surfaces of the lungs. The alveolar septa and visceral pleura exhibited deposition of black particles. Congestion, emphysema, and inflammatory exudates were also detected in the lung tissues and lymph nodes. The clinical, gross, and microscopic findings accurately resembled those of pulmonary anthracosis. This lifethreatening condition in stray canines may be caused by a critical level of air pollution from different sources and carbon emissions from vehicles. To protect animals and humans living in the Kathmandu Valley, concerned government and nongovernment agencies should work toward reducing air pollution levels as soon as possible.

2025

The aims of this research were to overview the effect of maternal antibodies on the histopathological changes and viral antigen distribution of the broiler chickens challenged with ND APMV-1 virus. A total of 100 chicken were allotted into 3 treatment groups consisting of group I (titer antibodies 2 4 HI Unit). All group I, II and III were inoculated with ND virus isolates of type viscerotropic velogenic at the dose of 1000 TCID 50 . The histopathological changes observed in nervous system were endotheliosis and perivascular cuffing. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that NDV infected cells were found in most organs both in inflammatory cells and in epithelial cell of many organs mainly in nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. Neurological symptoms and neural lesions were highest in group II (titer antibodies 2 3 – 2 4 HI Unit)

2025, Transboundary and emerging diseases

We report the laboratory analysis of 125 clinical samples from suspected cases of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and Asian buffalo collected in Pakistan between 2008 and 2012. Of these samples, 89 were found to contain viral RNA by rRT-PCR, of which 88 were also found to contain infectious FMD virus (FMDV) by virus isolation (VI), with strong correlation between these tests (κ = 0.96). Samples that were VI-positive were serotyped by antigen detection ELISA (Ag-ELISA) and VP1 sequence acquisition and analysis. Sequence data identified FMDV serotypes A (n = 13), O (n = 36) and Asia-1 (n = 41), including three samples from which both serotypes Asia-1 and O were detected. Serotype A viruses were classified within three different Iran-05 sublineages: HER-10, FAR-11 and ESF-10. All serotype Asia-1 were within Group VII (Sindh-08 lineage), in a genetic clade that differs from viruses isolated prior to 2010. All serotypes O were classified as PanAsia-2 within two different sublineag...

2025, Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine

The Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is causing in dogs a wide range of reproductive problems: infertility, foetal resorption, abortion, weak puppies, stillborn, low conception rate, small litter size and neonatal mortality, according to the age and pregnancy stage. The aims of the study where to assess the status of CHV-1 infection and to investigate the clinical pattern of the disease, in three Romanian kennel dogs. Blood samples from 44 subjects, aged from 1 to 5.5 years (20 dogs from kennel A, 16 dogs from kennel B, and 8 from kennel C), without history of vaccination against CHV-1 where submitted to study. The serum samples were analysed for the detection of antibodies to CHV-1 by immunofluorescence assays. In this survey, the average of seropositive animals were being 86.36%, but ranged from 100% in kennel A and B, to 25.00% in kennel C. Registered reproductive disorders were represented by neonatal mortality (70%) and infertility (30%). Our study emphasizes the widespread of CHV-1 infection and strengthens the recommendation for the animals' immune status assessment before their breeding season.

2025, Applied Sciences

The high production of plastic, along with its biostability and poorly managed recycling, has led to its widespread presence in the environment. Pollution from microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 µm) poses a serious environmental problem, with long-term negative impacts on human and animal health. The goal of this systematic review is to identify the toxicokinetics of microplastics and nanoplastics after they are ingested by mammals. A total of 1057 articles were identified in the PubMed database, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through a manual search. After removing duplicates, 560 articles remained. Upon reviewing the titles and abstracts, 500 articles were excluded. Out of the remaining 60 articles, 43 were excluded, and 17 were included in the study. The current clinical evidence indicates that plastics can enter the body in the form of microplastics and nanoplastics. The digestive system is a significant pathway for absorption, and the resulting changes are influenced by factors such as the type of plastic, the duration of exposure, the particle size, and the individual's clinical condition. Once absorbed, plastic particles can enter the body and cause significant changes in intestinal barrier function, hepatic metabolic changes, oxidative stress, and nephrotoxicity.

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D is an important disease of sheep and goats with a worldwide distribution. Cerebral microangiopathy is considered pathognomonic for ovine enterotoxemia and is seen in most cases of the disorder in sheep. However, these lesions are poorly described in goats. In this article, we describe the vasculocentric brain lesions in 44 cases of caprine spontaneous C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia. Only 1 goat had gross changes in the brain, which consisted of mild cerebellar coning. However, 8 of 44 (18%) cases showed microscopic brain lesions, characterized by intramural vascular proteinaceous edema, a novel and diagnostically significant finding. The precise location of the edema was better observed with periodic acid–Schiff, Gomori’s, and albumin stains. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin 4 immunostaining revealed strong immunolabeling of astrocyte foot processes surrounding microvessels. The areas of the brain most frequent...

2025, Veterinary Pathology

Clostridium haemolyticum causes bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH), an infectious and usually fatal disease that occurs mostly in cattle, which is clinically characterized by jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and anemia. The trematode Fasciola hepatica has been commonly reported as the main predisposing factor that triggers this condition. The authors evaluated 20 naturally occurring cases of bovine BH to characterize the pathology and pathogenesis of the disease. Grossly, the most consistent finding was a large, frequently single focus of necrosis surrounded by a red to purple halo, observed most frequently on the parietal surface of the right and left hepatic lobes. Other findings were jaundice, dark-brown discoloration of kidneys, and red urine in the urinary bladder. Microscopically, characteristic lesions were locally extensive, necrotizing hepatitis with thrombosis and numerous intralesional Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, and acute renal tubular necrosis. By immunohistochemistry, many ...

2025, Pakistan Vet. J

Pesticides used against agricultural pests and ecto-parasite infestation in animals may also induce injurious effects in humans, pets and farm animals. The pyrethroid pesticides are rapidly replacing other insecticides due to relatively lower toxicity for mammals. However, they have now become an environmental issue due to excessive use in agriculture, livestock production, leather industry and shampoos etc. In addition to various clinical, hemato-biochemical, immunosuppressive and neuro-toxicological effects of pyrethroids, more danger has been suspected with respect to reproductive toxicity. The fetal resorption and early fetal mortality rate were found to be significantly increased in female animals allowed mating with males exposed to pyrethroids. The testicular and epididymal sperm counts and serum testosterone concentrations in pyrethroid treated animals were decreased. Moreover, abnormal spermatozoa, degenerated spermatozoa, arrested spermatogenesis and connective tissue proliferation in testes, and tailless spermatozoa in epididymis were reported with pyrethroid exposure. A decrease in pregnancy rate, number of implantation sites and total number of recovered fetuses have also been reported in female animals receiving pyrethroid treatment during gestation and allowed mating with untreated male rabbits. The progeny of pyrethroid exposed parents also showed toxic effects. Disruption of certain steroidogenic enzymes and nuclear receptors in has been reported in pyrethroid exposed animals. This review concludes that pyrethroid exposure is responsible for endocrine disruption and decreases fertility in both sexes of various non-target species and produces fetal mortality, which may be prevented by vitamin E supplementation due to its anti-oxidant potential.