Women in Business Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Kenya National Commission for UNESCO (KNATCOM) (Nairobi, Kenya)

Financial inclusion is important for socioeconomic empowerment. Globally, Trade policies are promoting financial inclusion for all, including women. The sustainable development goals 5 calls for women empowerment on all areas of growth and development. Despite progress in gender equality, women, especially, traders in Kenya still face financial challenges to their participation in and benefiting from trade. Raising the question on how trade policies' financial inclusion strategies impact the socioeconomic empowerment of women traders. Therefore, this research investigated the determinants for socioeconomic empowerment of women traders in Nairobi County, Kenya, focusing on the Kenya National Trade Policy's financial inclusion strategies. The study used a qualitative approach applying thematic literature review. It thematically reviewed 23 materials for the period between 2017 and 2024. Content analysis was used to analyse and organise data which was presented in prose from. Findings highlight the critical role of financial inclusion initiatives, including mobile banking and microfinance programs, in socioeconomic empowerment of women traders. Further, it revealed need for gender-responsive policies addressing unique challenges faced by women traders. The study provides policy recommendations to foster an enabling environment for socioeconomic empowerment of women traders in Kenya, contributing to the broader goal of gender equality and women empowerment.

2025

The study used internet text messaging to interview seven Emirati women about issues surrounding their post-secondary educational experience. Semi-structured interview questions were framed around the motivations, supports, rewards, and challenges to female educational participation in developing countries as described in the UNESCO ("Gender," 2003) Global Monitoring Report and enriched with issues gleaned from sources specifically concerning Arab and Muslim women. According to the participants in this study, the UAE government strongly encouraged Emirati women to contribute to the economic development of the country. At the time of this study, Emirati women outnumbered Emirati men 2 to 1 in postsecondary education and were employed in prominent positions in both public and private sector employment. Participants attributed several factors to female inclusion in post-secondary education and employment including a) compulsory education for boys and girls up to grade 10 and free to all qualifying Emirati students attending federally funded educational institutions up through 6 years of post-secondary education; b) establishing segregated schools, colleges, and universities for women which were at least equal to male facilities in terms of size, variety of program of study, and locational accessibility; c) enacting legislation guaranteeing similar civil and legal rights for women and men in education and employment; and d) providing incentives to companies to increase employment of UAE nationals males and females. Even though the participants believed that the government laws and regulations guaranteed women equal rights with men, all participants acknowledged that cultural practices sometimes served as barriers to post-secondary education and employment given in the responses of the study is limited by the level of comfort that each participant felt in giving personal information to a questioner unknown to the participant using an internet instant messaging program.

2025, Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów

This paper considers the important role of developmental programs designed and run specifically for women, not as the only training offer recommended for them but as an addition to other leadership courses. The author examines first companies engagement in the idea of promoting women leadership and their strategies of achieving tangible effects in this matter. Based on a survey, the author checks whether female employees in Poland are provided with women‑dedicated leadership programs and whether the newest scien‑ tific findings on the benefits of women‑dedicated programs are considered by companies when they plan development paths for women‑employees. At the end the author inves‑ tigates on attractiveness of the idea of women‑dedicated leadership programs for female employees in Poland and what kind of benefits they would expect from participating in such programs.

2025, Telkom University

Perempuan memegang peranan penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional, meskipun sering dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan struktural dan sosial. Melalui studi kasus Nurhayati Subakat, pendiri PT. Paragon Technology and Innovation, paper... more

2025

Thus, the current automation and digitalization trends have revolutionized the nature of work and employment challenges and opportunities across the globe. Thus, this paper aims to discuss the newly appeared changes in the sphere of career coaching and Job search to determine the further aims and effective practices for helping people at the modern stage of the technological world. IT has become more advanced with technologies such as AI, machine learning, and robotics that have caused the automation of activities that were originally manual in different fields. Although it is anticipated that this advance will increase productivity more effectively, there are various issues related to the loss of jobs and the need for replenishment or retraining of employees. The world's workplace is likely to change significantly by 2030 warns the McKinsey Global Institute, revisions could impact millions of positions, making it important for employees to acquire portable skills and ensure that they learn throughout the course of their careers. As a result of these challenges, career coaching has become an essential intervention to help people navigate the cardiovascular processes, integrated into today's information-age economy. Originally, career coaching was involved with understanding and seeking careers from the client and has now expanded to this new definition. This also entails reviewing previous and current abilities to understand the outcome of an evaluation, receiving concrete direction for the essential skills that are required in the new-age workplace, and having methods of attending to changes resulting from the impact of automation. Career coaches also have an important role in assisting working people in identifying new relevant fields and mapping their current skill set in these new occupations. They encapsulate the need to continue learning and to stay abreast of technological advancements applicable to the client's profession. Also, the abstract describes the tools and methodologies used in contemporary MAVT and specific practices of career coaching. These are diverse and complex online aptitude and personality tests; realistic VR simulations for skills' practice; and self-organized artificial intelligence (AI) career marketplaces with algorithms that match given skills and desired careers with suitable jobs and training opportunities. All these technological advancements go a long way in not only improving the efficiency and efficacy of career coaching interventions in a world that is rapidly becoming a digitalized workplace but also enabling people to make appropriate career decisions. For the future, the abstract notes the philosophy of mobility of career coaching regarding the changes in technologies and marketing of occupations. It emphasizes the increasing need to personalize the delivery of executive and management coaching services coupled with the use of technology in assisting individuals to self-manage their careers by positioning them to fit into opportunities created by the execution of automation and digitization. Through promoting adaptability, supporting the development of new skills, and using information technologies most appropriately, representatives of this occupation contribute to preparing people for the future world of work where automation is likely to play a dominating role. This abstract captures a wide and compelling function of career coaching as a way of enabling persons to be able to thrive in the contemporary and dynamic work world. Hence, career coaches help individuals to get definite preferences, consistent learning, and technological advancement to make active participation in the professional world even in periods of diversification and automation. () advance, it impacts the roles, skills, and careers implying that career coaches ought to know how to align their strategies with clients' needs most efficiently. Automated job-hunting sites is harnessing algorithmic tools that match applicants with opportunities in distant markets and industries they had limited access too (Gartner, Inc. (2020) Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources: The Next Generation Talent Acquisition and Management Solution Gartner Research). Cognitive technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics are increasingly automating routine tasks and augmenting human skills in workplaces worldwide (Wikipedia, 2024). This trend is reshaping organizational roles, both reducing and expanding positions that require high levels of technical proficiency, creativity, and adaptability. Career coaches face the challenge of navigating clients through these transformative changes where automation significantly shapes job descriptions. They must actively scan the market for emerging job opportunities that reflect new technological trends and prepare clients to acquire the necessary skills to transition into these evolving careers.Thus, such steps as resume parsing and job matching based on Artificial Intelligence contribute to CV Warehouse's innovative model; career coaches can prepare their clients for such vacancies that will let them use the opportunities provided by technological progress. Automation tools may be used to consider the job market insights, anticipate future skills requirements, and suggest feasible career development plans based on the client's career goals. In this way, due to the actualization of some fields because of the application of automation, the coaches help the clients to find ways of effectively handling change and being well-placed to fit into promising careers when markets become competitive. Services offered to find jobs by CV Warehouse reveal that the constant need to enhance technology knowledge and relevant skill sets is critical in today's operational environment. Future employment by automation brings advances in original career fields and creates new needs for potential skills of data analysis, digital competency, protection, and project planning. Career coaches are responsible for the process of defining critical gaps, evaluating the client's existing competencies, and planning specific reskilling or upskilling programs consistent with the context of employing organizations and clients' career aspirations.

2025, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science Society and Culture (IJIRSSC)

Entrepreneurship plays a very important role in the development of any nation. The entrepreneurship leads to the creation of capital as well led to the generation of many social benefits. However, entrepreneurship is not so popular and common in the developing nation like of India and more sp around 85.92% of state population. Among rural population females constitute 48.88%. In contrast to urban female folk, majority of rural women folk are engaged in agricultural activities along with male member of the society. Even in recent days many women entrepreneurs from rural Assam has emerged too. There exist an immense possibility of enhancing the entrepreneurial capabilities of rural women and such enhanced capabilities will help in revolutionizing the economy of Assam and rural Assam more specifically. Through this study, the researchers have tried to throw some lights on problems and opportunities for rural women in the area of entrepreneurship.

2025, History Research Journal

The sericulture industry in Purulia, a district in West Bengal, India, has long been an important economic activity, providing livelihood to many in rural areas. Traditionally, women have played a pivotal role in sericulture, contributing to the silkworm rearing, spinning, and weaving processes. This paper explores the intersection of traditional practices and modern changes in Purulia's sericulture industry, focusing on the evolving role and participation of women. Historically, women were central to the household-based silk production, with skills passed down through generations. However, with the advent of mechanization, market shifts, and changing social dynamics, women's roles have undergone significant transformations. The paper examines the ways in which modern practices, such as technological advancements and changes in labour structure, have altered women's involvement, both in terms of work patterns and socioeconomic empowerment. It also highlights the challenges women face, such as limited access to resources, market fluctuations, and socio-cultural barriers, while also recognizing the emerging opportunities for growth and empowerment. The study offers a comprehensive view of how traditional sericulture practices and modern changes are reshaping the landscape of women's participation in this vital sector, providing insight into gender dynamics, economic development, and cultural continuity in Purulia's rural economy.

2025

I didn't want to say it in too many words, but the real shocker of this article is that Alexander Agricola and his (presumably twin) brother Johannes were begotten in what must have been a non-consensual sexual encounter. Their parents emerge from the wealth of documentary evidence as distinctively drawn individuals. Their mother was the independent, wealthy businesswoman Lijsbette Naps. It looks from the records that she had learned from experience not to be too trusting in business deals, and perhaps in life altogether. And their “pater meus Agricola” was the shady administrator Heinric Ackerman, who had a history of defrauding the people he served in the capacity of procurator. The story almost tells itself from the evidence, but I held back from what might seem to some to be sensationalizing. Sexual violence fell under the jurisdiction of the church, in this case the Bishop of Tournai. One would expect to find individual cases in the registers of the Officialité, but in the episcopal archives of Tournai these go back no further than 1597.

2025

The study sought to determine the effect of developing managerial skills of group members on the growth of women-owned
enterprises in Uasin Gishu County. The study was anchored on pecking order theory. The study adopted a descriptive research
design and positivist philosophy. The target population was 1198 enterprise owners courtesy of table banking from six sub
counties in Uasin Gishu County. The population was stratified into 6 stratas corresponding to the 6 sub-counties. The study
used Israel’s 1992 formula to determine the sample size of 333 women owning enterprises from all 6 sub-counties. The sample
was apportioned proportionately to the 6 sub-counties. Simple random sampling was used to pick the specific respondents
from each sub-county. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted on 33
respondents from 11 women-owned enterprises in Nakuru County to test the reliability of the questionnaire. Both descriptive
and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Data was presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study concluded
that there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the developing managerial skills of group members
and the growth of women-owned enterprises in Uasin Gishu County (r=0.985; p<0.05). From the conclusion the study
recommended that women-owned enterprises in Uasin Gishu County should invest in structured and continuous managerial
skills development programs for group members. This can be achieved through targeted training sessions, workshops, and
mentorship programs focusing on essential managerial competencies such as financial management, strategic planning,
leadership, marketing, and resource optimization. Additionally, table banking groups should incorporate mandatory
managerial skills training as part of their group activities to ensure all members benefit from the knowledge necessary to
enhance enterprise growth.

2025

At the core of the WINBIZ project was the "BIZ-Business Incubation Zone," a strategic initiative designed to provide a transversal experience aimed to boost the entrepreneurial ideas developed by the beneficiaries involved. This program engaged 15 migrant women, each bringing unique potential, into a structured environment aimed at nurturing and refining their business concepts. The primary objective was to promote the transfer and acquisition of essential skills and competencies necessary for the successful implementation of operational business plans. This was achieved through the "incubation" of business ideas previously developed by the participants. The activities implemented, provided the participants with targeted mentorship and the tools required to navigate the complexities of business planning, developing and execution. Central role was played by the Design Thinking methodology, a powerful tool that fostered a significant enhancement of the ideas by focusing on user-centricity, creativity, and iterative problem-solving. This document aims to present the portfolio of mentors and role models directly involved within the "BIZ-Business Incubation Zone" activities, considering that the consortium strategically placed its implementation during the Social Hackathon Umbria 2024 with the intention of exposing the beneficiaries to an extensive number of peers with migratory background, professionals, teachers, students, social innovation experts and policy makers. The Social Hackathon Umbria 2024 hosted 320 participants, involved in co-creative processes, capacity building experiences, social inclusion and social innovation. Networking opportunities were integral to the initiative. By facilitating significant interactions, the "BIZ-Business Incubation Zone" fostered a collaborative community where transversal involvement, insight, and personal and professional stories were exchanged among all participants. This not only enhanced knowledge sharing, but also strengthened a supporting network, crucial for entrepreneurial success. The "BIZ-Business Incubation Zone" not only equipped participants with entrepreneurial skills but also built a cohesive community poised for economic impact. This initiative underscored the importance of mentorship, networking, and shared experiences in driving professional growth and fostering economic development.

2025, The Status of Afghan Women

The status of Afghan women is shaped by social, cultural, educational, and economic challenges that hinder their active participation in society. Educational limitations, restricted employment opportunities, and gender-based violence are major issues faced by Afghan women. To improve their situation, reforms in education, economic opportunities, legal rights, and support for women’s rights are necessary. International collaboration and cultural and legal reforms can lead to positive changes in the status of women in Afghanistan.

2025, International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of Watani cattle owners in two districts of Wardak province, Afghanistan. The study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the profile of cattle owners and the intricate factors influencing their livelihoods. The data collection process involved a meticulous survey consisting of about 210 male respondents. The analysis of the age distribution reveals distinct categories, with 18.77% young, 28.09% middle-aged, 31.24% late middle-aged, and 21.90% elders. Educational attainment among the respondents exhibits a heterogeneous landscape, with 39.52% being illiterate, 30.00% having completed primary education, 20.95% possessing middle education, 8.57% attaining high school education, and a mere 0.96% being graduates. The majority of respondents belong to joint families (90.95%), while the remaining 9.05% hail from nuclear families. Family sizes display considerable variation, with 1.90% classified as small, 13.34% as medium, 85% as large. The primary occupation of the respondents predominantly agriculture and livestock (53.33%), followed by labor (26.19%) and services (20.48%). Land ownership patterns among the respondents reveal a diverse range of land sizes, ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 hectares, with 35.71% owning land in the 0.4-0.6-hectare range, 37.14% in the 0.6-0.8-hectare range, and 27.15% owning more than 0.8 hectares. In terms of monthly income, most respondents (67.15%) earn between 6001 and 10000 AFN, while 32.38% earn up to 6000 AFN, and a mere 0.47% earn between 10001 and 15000 AFN. These findings provide valuable insights into the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of Watani cattle owners in Wardak province, offering a nuanced understanding of their circumstances. The implications of this study can inform targeted interventions and evidence-based policies aimed at enhancing their livelihoods and overall well-being, thereby contributing to the broader literature on sustainable development and poverty alleviation in rural areas.

2024

I would like to thank my mother, Debbie Herbst for the unconditional love, support and encouragement during this process. You showed me what it means to be a strong and independent woman in every respect, and it is because of you that I stand so strong and proudly as a woman today. Nothing I have accomplished would have been possible without youthis one is for you. To my fiancé, Blake Simon Benton, thank you for washing the dishes, making me tea and watching TV with noise cancelling headphones while I worked on my research. Your love, pride and endless support is something I will forever be grateful. Lastly, my deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor, Dr J Govender for your guidance, resilience and support. You reminded me of my capabilities when I felt I was not capable and never once doubted me, and for that I cannot thank you enough. You have been a true role model and voice of reason.

2024, IGI Global

Even though women entrepreneurs play a pivotal role in the economic growth of the country, their growth has been subdued. This is because of the gender differences women face in the competitive business market compared to their male counterparts. The prime objective of this study is to unravel the challenges and problems faced by rural women entrepreneurs in India. These women entrepreneurs are essential to the social and economic development of the nation. They are involved in diverse jobs, including business enterprises, Women Farmers, Beauty Parlour, and Merchant. Today, they face problems like lack of knowledge and awareness, financial constraints, social and cultural barriers, poor mobility, lack of raw materials, and absence of advanced technology. This paper showcases the problems and issues faced by rural women entrepreneurs in India.

2024, Article

The Covid-19 pandemic has led world governments to take measures in stopping its spread and minimize its victims. This has affected businesses of all categories, including that of women (micro business) of selling fruits and vegetables in Rwanda's Kimironko markets. This study investigated how these women did business before, during, and after the lock down, the challenges they faced, the reasons for resilience, and what can be done to overcome challenges. In-depth interviews were used to collect data from 15 selected participants. Using thematic analysis, findings indicated how business was done; main challenges included capital, rent, weary journeys, access to financial credits, working in shifts, rotting products, and business skills. Reasons for resilience included doing business as last resort for family sustenance and passion for business. The study concluded that women at Kimironko markets are resilient in doing business despite challenges. The study is of great significance as it brings new insights of doing business amid a pandemic. Policy measures to enhance productive capacities of post COVID-19 Crisis have been recommended. These include: facilitating people doing business with monitored and coordinated cheaper transport access during a pandemic outbreak. Secondly, economic recovery fund be designed in a way that it becomes accessible to all business categories; Micro finance credit institutions devise ways of facilitating women micro businesses to continue performing through long-term loans, and measures be taken to provide trainings on doing businesses at the micro level. This would facilitate women to acquire business skills so that they don't incur losses.

2024, Tij S Research Journal of Commerce Behavioural Science Rjcbs

Women have equal access to higher education but are not treated equally in comparison to their male counterparts while climbing the corporate ladder. A man"s chances of emerging as a leader in a group are greater than a woman"s, both in research studies and in everyday political, organizational, and social life. This paper focuses on the present scenario of women leadership in corporate, with special reference to Indian business, specially identifying important women leaders in India in various sectors. This paper concludes that although Indian businesses are dominated by men where women do not have proportionate representation, still the Indian women are better off than their counterparts in other regions of the world when it comes to holding higher positions in the corporate hierarchy.

2024

The complexity of the technologized socioeconomic reality poses a number of challenges for today's managers. Many times their actions are a test of their leadership. A particularly interesting area of research in this regard is the logistics sector, which so far has been regarded as typically male and which has been undergoing a transformation in favor of an increasing representation of women for some years now. The authors sought to answer questions such as: what qualities, skills and competences will enable women working in logistics to pursue their careers and achieve their goals in the face of the challenges of a 5.0 economy. The aim of the article is to identify those leadership skills and competences of women in logistics that predispose them to lead on their way to business success in enterprises. In the research process, mixed research methodologies were used, combining the results of secondary source analysis obtained from Scopus and Web of Science databases with information obtained from a quantitative survey based on the CAWI diagnostic survey method. The analyses resulted in a model of an exemplary image combining traits, skills and competencies, as well as attributes of effectiveness, which may be helpful for women in shaping their leadership position in the management structures of companies in the logistics industry. The resulting material complements the existing body of research on the role and importance of women in business including, in particular, the inclusion of women in logistics. The main strength of the work is to identify areas that women should improve in order to increase their participation in managerial positions in the logistics industry.

2024, African Journal of Law & Criminology (AJLC) Vol. 13 No. 2

Nigeria signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on July 7, 2019, becoming the 34 th member of the trading bloc. Under the AfCFTA, businesses in Nigeria and Africa as a whole, stand to get tremendous benefits from this mile stone development. This paper examined the background and objectives of the AfCFTA and underscored the socioeconomic prospects for Nigeria and other African countries. The paper further presented the underpinning foreseeable social and legal challenges of the AfCFTA that are likely to hamper the sustainability of the initiative. The paper acknowledge among others that, the AfCFTA is a step in the right direction for the realization of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, especially the Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs. However, that there is the need for legal reforms in mitigating some of the challenges and recommended among others,

2024, Kobieta i Biznes : akademicko-gospodarcze forum

2024

Coaching is a fast-growing concept that can help women develop the tools to successfully compete for top managerial positions traditionally held by men, a development that could lead to better business results. Despite the fact that the coaching process is not differentiated in respect to the client’s sex, the authors justify its application in the professional development of women who want to be managers and compete for managerial positions with men. An analysis of contemporary Polish and international literature, as well as interviews conducted with women who underwent this process and hold top positions in organizations, suggests that coaching can be used as a tool facilitating and accelerating career development. It probably plays a similar role in the case of men, but this paper is devoted to the involvement of women in the coaching process.

2024, Ajanta, An International Multidisciplinary Quarterly Research Journal(Part II)

For a long time women have lagged far behind men in key socio-economic indicators that place them at a huge disadvantage. They have accorded different roles determined largely not due to biological differences, competencies and qualifications but on the basis of gender categorization. This bifurcation of occupations on gender lines breed lots of discrimination not only at the workplace but also at the home front. Discrimination against women and girls - including gender-based violence, economic discrimination, reproductive health inequities, and harmful traditional practices - remains the most pervasive and persistent form of inequality. There exist patriarchal social norms that restrict the freedom of movement for women. Despite strong patriarchal norms and rigid social stereotypes women across religion and caste groups have started venturing out and challenging the mindset. Even in ages of strict dominance by males, society has thrown up women of calibre, who could match, even surpass, the skills of men. They made great progress in various fields of life and gained significant achievements as teachers, doctors, engineers, scientists, explorers, soldiers and pilots. This achievement is really plausible because they have been achieved in a highly adverse situation and at the cost of severe social criticism. Though the percentage is very small in India yet one can witness, that whether it is the women of Haryana, who are venturing in the field of sports or Muslim women getting into important roles, both social and political, women from very conservative families and communities are forsaking their homely image and are making major contributions. They have reached the pinnacle of their achievements and are doing quite well. It is the success story of these women that motivates one to understand the social/environmental and psychological factors that facilitated their success in diverse areas despite societal blocks. We intend to explore whether it has something to do with their personality traits or were their environmental facilitators in terms of family or institutional support.

2024, International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies

With its practical implications, this study aims to examine the impact of the determinants influencing female entrepreneurs' financial performance. It scrutinizes seven independent variables: financial support, access to networks, selfindependency, self-efficacy, training and personnel development, family-related concerns, and support programmes from the government and INGOs. The financial success is gauged through four dependent variables: profitability, return on investment, annual sales, and inventory turnover. The data, collected from 308 Afghan women entrepreneurs through structured questionnaires, was analyzed using statistical tools to reveal significant associations, employing multiple regression analysis (MRA) in IBM Statistics V.27. The findings highlight the substantial influence of financial assistance, networking opportunities, self-independency, training and professional growth, family-related issues, and support initiatives on the financial performance indicators of women-run businesses. This underscores the importance of targeted assistance and programs to enhance the financial performance of female entrepreneurs. The study suggests that policy-makers and practitioners should prioritize these essential factors to foster entrepreneurial success. However, the study also underscores the necessity for further investigation to explore additional factors and long-term impacts, which will provide a more comprehensive conclusion. This further investigation is crucial to gain a thorough understanding of the factors that influence the financial performance of women entrepreneurs.

2024, Review of Professional Management- A Journal of New Delhi Institute of Management

This review sheds light on the evolving phase of home-based women entrepreneurs, with the main focus on opportunities for growth and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. Women have undergone a radical transformation from merely a homemaker to a dynamic multifaceted personality contributing to the socioeconomic growth worldwide. This change is partly attributed to the growth of home-based businesses which offers women to take control over their lives by turning their skills, hobbies and ideas into prof table ventures. Major challenges faced by home-based business women include access to start up capital, conflict between work and family, managing business growth successfully, lack of training and business skills, keeping up with technology and other market place changes. New heights have and can be further achieved by women as entrepreneurs by overcoming social barriers, by increasing literacy rates of females, honing their business skills and asserting their capacity to assume leadership position. By increasing their participation in economic activity and by designing and implementing a well planned comprehensive programme for women professionals can improve confidence and a sense of self belief M'hich would lead them to perform better in the professional ambience.

2024, Journal of Enterprise and Development

Purpose-This study aims to explore and analyze the effects of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and governmental assistance programs on the financial performance of women entrepreneurs. It assesses how different forms of support contribute to the economic empowerment and success of women-led businesses. Method-The study utilized an exploratory and descriptive research methodology, incorporating primary data. It surveyed 308 autonomous female entrepreneurs in Kandahar, Afghanistan using a cross-sectional questionnaire. The study employs purposive sampling and an OLS statistical model using IBM SPSS V.27. Result-The findings indicate that support programs from INGOs and government assistance positively and significantly influence the financial performance of women-run businesses in terms of profitability volume, average annual sales, return on investment, and inventory turnover. Practical implications-The research emphasizes the crucial role of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and government aid programs in enhancing the economic success of female entrepreneurs. Policymakers, INGOs, and local government organizations should concentrate on creating specialized support programs that provide financial assistance, training, and resources customized for women-led companies in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions. These findings promote extending support programs to additional areas, highlighting the importance of ongoing and customized help to ensure the endurance and development of women's entrepreneurship. This approach aids in economic empowerment and promotes broader socioeconomic progress by assisting women entrepreneurs in overcoming specific obstacles and benefiting their communities.

2024, Indian Journal of Psychology

This paper aims to understand and explore how small-scalewomen shop owners understand, use, adopt and have adapted to digitalization to maintain themselves in a social media driven business environment, moreso post Covid 19. A compact survey was conducted in mid-urban areas in Pune where women were mostly home-based micro traders or shop owners. The purpose behind doing so was to understand the level of digital literacy amongst these women and then encourage them to adopt the same by practicing while learning (formally/informally) and continuing to learn one step at a time. The findings showed that even though most of the respondents have knowledge of the Internet, they are low to moderate in digital literacy skills. They have been using the Internet via smart phones to browse Facebook, Youtube and WhatsApp. However, when it comes to financial digital literacy, many of them were not comfortable with it and the knowledge as well as practice was nearly negligible. Ironically, the male member of most homes did have digital financial knowhow and practiced the same. Thus, this study suggests that more digital programs, with special focus on digital financial literacy needs to be conducted to enhance skills among these women in utilizing the Internet for businesses and becoming self-dependent in its true sense. Key wordsdigital literacy, financial knowhow, women shop-owners / traders, empowerment OBJECTIVES • To study the level of digital literacy among women in mid urban small-scale businesses of Pune region • To analyze the factors affecting digital literacy among women in mid urban small-scale businesses • To study women's level of acceptance / adaptation to digital literacy.

2024

Latina-Owned Businesses in the Borderlands E thnic enterprises and minority small businesses grew at an unprecedented rate in recent years. Much of this growth spurt was fueled by the growing numbers of women-owned businesses. These businesses increased by 103 percent during the period 1987-1999, 1 and Latina-owned business accounted for a large share of this increase. Latinas, in fact, are entering the entrepreneurial market in record numbers. During the 1990s, the number of Latina small businesses grew by an extraordinary 209 percent, compared to the overall growth of Latino businesses in the United States. 2 Estimates from 2002 show more than 470,000 Latina-owned businesses in the United States. These privately-held, majorityowned businesses accounted for $29.4 billion in receipts and employed nearly 198,000 workers. Contradicting the stereotype of the submissive, silent Latina who plays an invisible and service-oriented role in mainstream society, these data instead suggest that Latina businesswomen are a growing economic force in the United States in general and in the borderlands in particular. Research shows that growth rates for Latina entrepreneurs and microentrepreneurs are related to factors unique to the Latino community. What are these factors? And how can this economic growth be facilitated along the U.S.-Mexico border?

2024, International Journal of Research Review

From the onset, Corona Virus or COVID-19 has left few people, if any, unaffected. Economies the world over have been repeatedly tested and stretched. This study was conducted to examine the impact of CoronaVirus (Covid-19) on performance of business enterprises in Owerri Municipal Area Imo State, SouthEast , Nigeria. The study used the Taro Yemmeh formula to determine a sample size of 232 from a population of 430 employees. The mean, standard deviation, and multiple linear regression were used for the analysis and testing of the research hypotheses. Results show that the Covid-19 has a significant negative impact on performance of business enterprises in Owerri Municipal Area of Imo State of Nigeria. The study recommends that Businesses should also explore opportunities focused on becoming more flexible in responding to arising uncertainties. The study concludes that Covid-19 has a significant negative impact on performance of business enterprises in Owerri Municipal Area of Imo State of Nigeria.

2024, Use of Social Media for Productive Skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL)

Productive skills, speaking and writing, are crucial yet quite difficult skills to master in language learning. For this reason, various methods and techniques are incorporated to enhance speaking and writing skills. This research investigates high school students' perceptions about the use of social media (YouTube and Blogger) for enhancing productive skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning during the hybrid education process at the time of Covid-19 pandemic. Students were given a choice between traditional workbook tasks and creating blog posts on Blogger or videos on YouTube throughout a semester. Case study, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. In this context, convenience sampling, one of the purposive sampling types, was adopted to form the study group, and the study group consisted of 32 participants studying in a private high school during Covid-19 pandemic. Before the implementation began, students were trained on preparing digital content on YouTube and Blogger. Afterwards, students prepared their own digital content throughout the semester. At the end of the implementation, the data were collected via a questionnaire on Google Forms. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study examines and uncovers a generally positive reception towards the use of Youtube and Blogger for enhancing productive skills in language education. However, variations in responses highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of its effectiveness. This research contributes to discussions on modernizing language education by revealing both the potential benefits and pitfalls of utilizing social media platforms for language skill development.

2024

Purpose-This literature review aims to delve into the nexus between cybersecurity risk management and strategic management, comprehensively exploring how organizations weave risk management strategies into their broader strategies to safeguard digit al assets and infrastructure against the backdrop of ever-evolving cyber threats. Methodology-The review employs a qualitative methodology, synthesizing insights from a diverse selection of scholarly works encompassing cybersecurity, risk management, and strategic management. These insights are analyzed to unveil patterns and trends that highlight the integration of cybersecurity risk management within strategic organizational frameworks. Findings-The review uncovers a critical interdependence between cybersecurity risk management and strategic management, showcasing how organizations formulate proactive measures to mitigate cyber risks while aligning them with overarching strategic goals. It also underscores the role of organizational culture, leadership commitment, and technological advancements in shaping effective cy bersecurity risk management strategies. Conclusion-The synthesis of scholarly findings accentuates the pivotal role of cybersecurity risk management in modern organizations. The review underscores the importance of fostering a strategic mindset towards cybersecurity, with a proactive approach that integrates risk management efforts within the broader organizational strategy. This not only shields digital assets but also promotes resilie nce, enabling organizations to thrive despite an increasingly dynamic and hostile digital landscape.

2024

Building Resources Across Communities, known as BRAC, is a non-government organization (NGO) founded in 1972. The organization dedicates itself to eradicate poverty by creating income opportunities for the poor. Initially, BRAC started its operation in remote regions of Bangladesh and now became the largest NGO in the world. It has taken a holistic approach to address the development of socially excluded and marginalized people through tools like microfinance, education, health, community development, and social enterprises. BRAC has now expanded its operation, accessing about 135 million people from 12 countries of Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean region. The paper focuses on the activities of BRAC, Bangladesh, mainly in the areas of social development and social enterprise, as these schemes directly work for social exclusion and marginalization. It also examined case studies of three successful programs being implemented by BRAC-two from the social development and one from the social enterprise scheme. The paper discussed the evaluation and financial management mechanism based on existing available reports, websites, studies, etc. The paper critically evaluated the organizational behavior, impact of the development of intervention on the ultra-poor households, and profitmaking motives of social enterprises of BRAC.

2024

More than a decade ago, countries in Europe began to take measures to increase the gender diversity of their corporate boards. Norway was the first to adopt a quota for female board members (40%) in 2004. Other nations followed suit – adopting either mandatory quotas (Germany, France, Belgium, Iceland, Italy) or voluntary goals (Austria, Finland, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the UK), with goals for female representation ranging from 25% to 40%.

2024, Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışmaları Dergisi

The aim of this study is to evaluate the distance education practices offered to social work undergraduate and graduate students during the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of students and to make suggestions for the development of educational activities in the light of these evaluations. The study was designed within the scope of the quantitative paradigm and using the descriptive model, which is one of the survey models. The population of the study is undergraduate and graduate students continuing their education within the social work department in Turkey, and 446 social work undergraduate and graduate students were reached to represent the population within the scope of the study. The questionnaire form developed by Smoyer et al. (2020) and adapted into Turkish by the research team was used as a data collection tool. Some of the main findings presented in the study reveal that the theoretical courses within the scope of distance education during the pandemic process were mostly taught in a synchronous model (94.4%), the view that "course recordings can be watched later (30.1%)" stands out as the strongest aspect of distance education, and 79.6% of the participants found face-to-face education more beneficial than distance education. At the same time, 82.1% of the participants stated that they did homework, 77.1% of them took online multiple-choice exams and 64.8% of them took take-home exams. The findings are valuable for evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of distance education processes and making necessary improvements.

2024, Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series International Relations

2024, Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing

A number of research studies have dealt with the relationship between diversity and effectiveness of corporate boards. The present paper makes an attempt to provide an international perspective on diversity and effectiveness of corporate boards and examines such relationship in detail in the case of India. The paper presents the theory relating to diversity and board effectiveness with particular reference to women on boards. The position of diversity as related to the boards of National Stock Exchange (NSE) listed 511 companies and the 245 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) by the Government of India (GoI) is reflected in the paper. It then examines gender diversity specifically in the case of India and Singapore. Drawing from the evidence of diversity in the case of global companies, it offers the rationale for making boards global in composition and character. The paper highlights an interesting issue: whether the boards should have younger or veteran members? This follows a discussion on diversity of boards in terms of skills, age, and personalities. Finally, the paper makes suggestions for balance boards to enhance their effectiveness and brings out lessons for the corporate organizations to promote diversity of their boards.

2024, The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance

The number o f businesses owned and operated by women is increasing rapidly, and women owned businesses are becoming a powerful economic force. It is estimated that half of the businesses in this country will be owned and operated by women by the year 2,000. This article describes research conducted on women owned small businesses and the nature of their banking relationships. Findings revealed that over 90% of those surveyed used banking products. A surprisingly high percentage of the women surveyed had switched banks. Major reasons for switching included poor customer service, an arrogant and condescending attitude on the part o f bank personnel, and errors and mistakes. These results suggest opportunities for bank managers to improve the quality o f their interactions with women business owners, a growing segment o f the market.

2024

The sublime object of Organization, 12(2), 223-246. Kabwegyere, T.B. (1987) The politics of state destruction in Uganda since 1962: lessons for the future. In P. D. Wiebe and C.P. Dodge (eds.), Beyond crisis: development issues in Uganda (pp. 11-24). Kampala: Makerere Institute of Social Research. Kajubi, S. W. (1987). The historical background to the Uganda crisis. In P.D. Wiebe and C.P. Dodge (eds.) Beyond crisis: development issues in Uganda (pp.25-40). Kampala: Makerere

2024, Journal of Business, Economics and Finance

To cite this document Tuncay, M., Dorjnaran, B., (2023). The interaction between socially responsible investment and macroeconomic indicators in the developing countries. PressAcademia Procedia (PAP), 16, 133-137.

2024, Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective

Although enough research has been carried out on factors inspiring women to start and operate business, there is a need to assess the role of various factors impacting resilience of Indian women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs all over the world are struggling, adapting diverse strategies and innovating in the face of COVID-19, to fight against the crisis and bouncing back to their normal stage. The present study aims at identifying the direct relationships among selected factors in influencing the resilience of women entrepreneurs. The sample for the study comprised 396 women entrepreneurs from different regions of India. This is a surveybased study; a self-administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Analysis of the data collected was done using analysis of moment structures based structural equation modelling. Findings of the analysis state a significant and positive influence of entrepreneurial characteristics, resourcefulness, networking, adaptability and continuity in forming the resilient attitude of women entrepreneurs when faced with a crisis situation. The study can be useful to women entrepreneurs, organizations, government and other institutions extending support to entrepreneurs.

2024, Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies

Reputation management is a contemporary offshoot of public relations, but reputation has long had economic currency in British culture. Less well studied is the way commercial reputation consolidated around ideas of the brand. This case study of the London career of the Swiss-born artist Angelica Kauffman (1741-1807) examines the development of the ' Angelica' brand: from stage-managed debut, studio establishment and performance, and self-promotion through self-portraiture to market positioning, diffusion lines and pricing strategy. It tests the success of Kauffman's efforts by examining critical reception, consumer response and, finally, damage limitation, concluding that the Angelica brand was the painter's cleverest creation.

2024, Advancement of GI-Science and Sustainable Agriculture: A Multi-dimensional Approach

Value chain development has a significant impact on employment generation and poverty reduction. The value chain analysis is essential for an industry's successful establishment. The chapter aims to perform a SWOT analysis of the value chain of the sericulture industry in Bangladesh. We conducted 48 in-depth interviews from two districts for this study. Results reveal that mulberry leaves, silkworm eggs, cocoons, raw silk, silk yarn, and fabric are the main products in the value chain in the study

2023, Journal of evolutionary studies in business

Family businesses are representative of the economy in Argentina. They are characterized by a strong vocation for continuity as part of the family legacy. However, their permanence has been hindered in most cases by lack of management of the business family. The high rate of disappearance is due in most cases to family-type setbacks. The family protocol is a tool that contributes to progress of family businesses, facilitating management of the company and the business family. The objective of this work is to find correlation among behaviour of family businesses and the family protocol as a management tool for the permanence of the family business. Structural equations models (SEM) were applied, where on the one hand, the latent variable "continuity"-which indicates the perception that members of family businesses have-was defined and on the other hand, if "having a protocol" has an implication on their endurance. It is concluded that having a family protocol which includes the guidelines for family and business management contributes to permanence of the family business with all the benefits that this implies both for the business family itself and for the society and economy in which it is immersed.

2023

A research report submitted to the Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration

2023, Development and Change

Small-scale industry development, particularly when targeting disadvantaged groups, has often been promoted as a possible alternative to fundamental change in property relations, and for women as a way of improving their position without direct forms of feminist organization. This article discusses a relatively successful case of small-scale entrepreneurship development in the silk reeling industry in five villages in South India. In this area, despite the substantial amounts of capital and risk involved, an unusually high number of Scheduled Caste ex-labourers have managed to become reasonably successful entrepreneurs. Based on the findings of survey and anthropological research conducted over a period of six months between 1989 and 1991 it considers the factors contributing to these cases' success: characteristics of the reeling industry, the nature of government intervention and the socioeconomic and historical context of this particular area. However, as argued in the second half of the article, the upward mobility for some has been dependent on the availability of cheap labour and the manipulation of caste and family loyalties within the disadvantaged groups. Significantly, gender inequalities have remained, despite the potentially powerful position of a skilled female labour force in a situation of increasing labour shortage. In India, as in many other countries, there has been a range of credit, training and other development programmes aimed at developing entrepreneurship in the small scale sector. A number of these policies have targeted disadvantaged groups, in particular the Scheduled Castes and Tribes, and more recently women. Underlying this strategy has been the belief that small-scale industry development has important potential in alleviating economic, and hence also social, inequalities. This type of development has been seen as a

2023

yThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Li Minor changes have.boon made to improve reproduction quality.

2023, EIRINI/ Μελέτες Νέων Ερευνητ(ρι)ών για το Φύλο

Όπως έχει αναδείξει η ιστορία της γυναικεί-ας εργασίας ο καπιταλισμός και ο νόμος της αγοράς σε περιόδους κρίσης εκμεταλλεύονται τη γυναικεία εργασία προς όφελος τους, ως «βαλβίδα ασφαλείας». Ωστόσο, στην πρόσφα-τη παγκόσμια οικονομική κρίση οι γυναίκες δεν έχουν πλέον αυτόν τον ρόλο, εξαιτίας της σημαίνουσας θέσης τους στην αγορά εργασίας. Αυτή τη φορά, η γυναικεία συμβολή στην ερ-γασία εμφανίζεται με έναν πιο δυναμικό τρό-πο, μέσω της ανάδειξης του νεοφιλελεύθερου φεμινισμού, ενός «απελευθερωτικού» φεμινι-σμού, ο οποίος διακήρυττε ότι θα ενδυνάμωνε τις γυναίκες να δράξουν επιχειρηματικά. Συ-γκεκριμένα, κάνοντας κάλεσμα στις λευκές, μεσοαστές, προνομιούχες γυναίκες, ο νεοφι-λελεύθερος φεμινισμός ωθεί τις γυναίκες να «βγουν μπροστά», να πράξουν ό,τι χρειάζεται προς την αύξηση του προσωπικού τους οφέ-λους και να προσπαθήσουν να τα «έχουν όλα», και την καριέρα και την οικογένεια τους. Μέσα από το εθνογραφικό παράδειγμα σε θυγατρι-κές εταιρείες μιας πολυεθνικής, που δραστη-ριοποιούνται στο χώρο των άμεσων πωλήσεων και του μάρκετινγκ στη Θεσσαλονίκη, στόχος του παρόντος κειμένου είναι να αναδείξει τους διαφορετικούς τρόπους με τους οποίους τόσο η πατριαρχία όσο και ο νεοφιλελεύθερος και εταιρικός φεμινισμός καταδυναστεύουν, πει-θαρχούν και μεταμορφώνουν συλλήβδην τα θηλυκά σώματα. Αυτό θα επιτευχθεί μέσα από τη σύγκριση και την ανάλυση δυο διαφορετι-κών εργασιακών θέσεων, αυτή των γυναικών επιχειρηματιών («owners») και των γραμματέ-ων («admins»).

2023, Journal of Small Business Strategy

"By the year 2000, small businesses will be the major growth machine of the U.S. economy, providing a multitude of benefits in the forms of personal independence, financial rewards, and •economic dynamism" (Anwar & Stahlecker, 1989). Small businesses now account for 40% of the GNP and create approximately 70% of the new jobs in the U.S., yet the majority' of all small businesses fail within a few shon years (Polansky). The most common reasons given for these failures are management incompetence, poor or no planning and the inability to secure financing. For the first time, however, a study of factors imponant to success of small business places ethics in the workplace high on the list. 1be difference between success and failure for many small business owners/entrepreneurs will be their ability to cope successfully with problems associated with running a business (Goodell & Kraft, 1989). Thrining and education become key to the success of.the small business owner, and resean:h indicates that there is a need foi educational assistance that is largely not being met (Goodell & Kraft, 1989). Lack of available management training leaves a gap between an idea and the ability to implement it successfully. Common Barriers to Small Business Success Two broad classifications of problems, internal and external, must be dealt with by small business owners. The former type becomes the primary focus and includes financing, people skills and physical resources, whereas the latter type needs to be dealt with and recognized but cannot be controlled. In 1978 the literature pointed to the fact that" ... it is apparently easier to blame external factors than to apply remedies such as self discipline, training, experimentation, planning strategies and working harder to survive ... "(Goodell & Kraft, 1989). Today, however, more small business owners recognii.e internal problems as a key to the success of the business and are seeking opportunities to learn how to solve them.

2023, Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business-JESB

The aim of this article is to analyse the potential role that social capital played in the industrialization of the Basque Country. The province of Gipuzkoa, together with the neighbouring Bizkaia (Biscay), was one of the most dynamic provinces in Spain in terms of the creation of companies. Using information obtained from the registration of new companies in the Mercantile Register, and through social network analysis, we try to measure the importance that social capital may have had in this process. The methodology is tested with the case study of the arms industry in Eibar, one of the most important sectors in the region.

2023

Lesson 1 -Review of Concepts and Components Concepts Activated sludge is a treatment process that has beer with us for quite some time. The understanding of the activated sludge process and the operation of that process, however, has developed slowly; Une of the challenges has been in understanding the ability of sludge to treat sewage. By the end of the late 1800's, wastewater treatment was fairly well established in most nap', . cities. The first major concern of wastewater treatment, at that time, was settling and removing solids from the sewage. A second concern was the removal of odors from the treatment systems. This concern led scientists to learn that blowing air into a sewage stream would help reduce or eliminate odors. This Clcovery was found to be very useful in closed or contained systems where odors were very severe. Studies done in Europe contirded this effort. A series of studies were conducted in 1914 by Ardern and Lockett. Ardern and Lockett were chemists who worked in a treatment plant in England.

2023

Similar definitions can be extracted from Douglas (1987), North (1990), Mantzavinos (2001). 11 The functional equation of entrepreneurship with deviant action is somewhat problematic because it subsumes many different types of deviance (Drucker, 1985; Spinoza et. al., 1997). Indeed several investigators have used the entrepreneurship paradigm to research such socially deviant activities as fraud, extortion, and bribery (Jennings, et. al., 1994). Most notable for present purposes is the characterisation of racketeering by criminal organisations in the FSU as a form of "violent entrepreneurship" (Volkov, 2000). Clearly, given the size of Ukraine"s shadow economy and concomitant rise in crime rates (see Chapter 3), the distinction between legal and illegal economic activities is somewhat blurred. Nevertheless, I believe that there exists a clear and objective difference between illegal business activities that involve, for example, contravening tax laws, and those that use or threaten the use of violence. Admittedly, such a distinction is somewhat arbitrary. In the context of this research, criminal entrepreneurship, together with economic activities that were completely embedded in the shadow economy (i.e. operating with no registered legal entity at all), were explicitly excluded from both empirical study and theoretical analysis. 72 By "semi-legal" I mean, neither specifically prohibitted by the letter of the law, nor permitted by its spirit. 73 The association between cooperatives and "criminals engaged in bribery, extortion, drugs, protection, and robbery" (Andrusz, 2002:4) seems to have been a marriage of convenience stemming from a contract "enforcement partnership" (Volkov, 1999).