A framework program for the teaching of alternative methods (replacement, reduction, refinement) to animal experimentation (original) (raw)

Authors

• Mardas Daneshian Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany
• Mohammad A. Akbarsha Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center (MGDC) for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
• Bas Blaauboer Doerenkamp- Zbinden Chair on Alternatives to Animal Testing in Toxicological Risk Assessment, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Toxicology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
• Francesca Caloni Department of Veterinary Sciences Technologies for Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
• Pierre Cosson Doerenkamp-Naef-Zbinden Chair on In vitro alternatives to animal experiments, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland
• Rodger Curren Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., USA
• Alan Goldberg Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology and Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Dept. Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, USA
• Franz Gruber Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, Switzerland
• Frauke Ohl Animal Welfare & Laboratory Animal Science and Animals in Science & Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
• Walter Pfaller Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Division Physiology, Austria
• Jan van der Valk 3Rs-Centre Utrecht Life Sciences, and NKCA, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
• Pilar Vinardell Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
• Joanne Zurlo Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology and Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Dept. Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, USA
• Thomas Hartung Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany; Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology and Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Dept. Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, USA; University of Konstanz, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Konstanz, Germany
• Marcel Leist Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany; Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Biomedicine and in vitro Toxicology, University of Konstanz, Germany

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.2011.4.341

Keywords:

3Rs, education, teaching, toxicology

Abstract

Development of improved communication and education strategies is important to make alternatives to the use of animals, and the broad range of applications of the 3Rs concept better known and understood by different audiences. For this purpose, the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in Europe (CAAT-Europe) together with the Transatlantic Think Tank for Toxicology (t4) hosted a three-day workshop on “Teaching Alternative Methods to Animal Experimentation”.
A compilation of the recommendations by a group of international specialists in the field is summarized in this report. Initially, the workshop participants identified the different audience groups to be addressed and also the communication media that may be used. The main outcome of the workshop was a framework for a comprehensive educational program. The modular structure of the teaching program presented here allows adaptation to different audiences with their specific needs; different time schedules can be easily accommodated on this basis. The topics cover the 3Rs principle, basic research, toxicological applications, method development and validation, regulatory aspects, case studies and ethical aspects of 3Rs approaches. This expert consortium agreed to generating teaching materials covering all modules and providing them in an open access online repository.

License

Articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is appropriately cited (CC-BY). Copyright on any article in ALTEX is retained by the author(s).

How to Cite

Daneshian, M., Akbarsha, M. A., Blaauboer, B., Caloni, F., Cosson, P., Curren, R., Goldberg, A., Gruber, F., Ohl, F., Pfaller, W., van der Valk, J., Vinardell, P., Zurlo, J., Hartung, T., & Leist, M. (2011). A framework program for the teaching of alternative methods (replacement, reduction, refinement) to animal experimentation. ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation, 28(4), 341-352. https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.2011.4.341