Kees Boeke | Dutch Educator, Author & Peace Activist | Britannica (original) (raw)

Quick Facts

In full:

Cornelis Kees Boeke

Born:

Sept. 25, 1884, Alkmaar, Neth.

Died:

July 3, 1966, Abcoude (aged 81)

Kees Boeke (born Sept. 25, 1884, Alkmaar, Neth.—died July 3, 1966, Abcoude) was a Dutch educator, Quaker, and pacifist, who was the author of the children’s book Cosmic View (1957).

Boeke grew up in Alkmaar, Neth., where his father was director of the local secondary school. While a student in civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology, he became a progressive Quaker and also became interested in missionary activities. During an interview to become head of a Quaker school in Syria, he met his future wife, Betty, the niece of George Cadbury, one of the founders of the Cadbury Brothers chocolate company. After their marriage, the two traveled to Syria together as missionaries before returning to England in 1914.

With the outbreak of World War I, Boeke and his wife became active pacifists. His termination from a position as a secondary school teacher provided the impetus for the family to travel and expound their ideas in Germany, Wales, and The Netherlands. They also began giving shares of Betty’s Cadbury fortune to workers at the company’s factory in Bournville, Eng. They believed that capitalism was the cause of modern war. They also believed that education in pacifism should begin at an early age, and in 1926 Boeke founded a school in Bilthoven, Neth., called De Werkplaats (“The Working Place”). The school, still operating at the beginning of the 21st century, emphasized Quaker ideals, respect for others, and principles of sociocracy—the theory that all individuals should have a role in decision making. In the late 1930s, with the advent of World War II, the school became a hiding place for Jewish refugees from Poland attempting to escape the Holocaust.

Britannica Quiz Classic Children’s Books Quiz

In the mid-1950s Boeke retired from his school in Bilthoven in order to write full-time. Of his many books, mostly on the subject of education, his most famous was Cosmic View: The Universe in 40 Jumps (1957). Through a series of 40 illustrations of a little girl, the photographs first zoom out from the girl to show the large scale of the country, the Earth, and the universe and then zoom in to show the microscopic world of tiny insects, viruses, and atoms within her body. In his foreword to the book, Boeke explains to his readers,

We need to develop a wider outlook, to see ourselves in our relative position in the great and mysterious universe in which we have been born and live.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Encyclopaedia Britannica.