Malcolm III Canmore | Biography & Family Tree | Britannica (original) (raw)

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Died:

November 13, 1093, near Alnwick, Northumberland, England

Malcolm III Canmore (born c. 1031—died November 13, 1093, near Alnwick, Northumberland, England) was the king of Scotland from 1058 to 1093, and the founder of the dynasty that consolidated royal power in the Scottish kingdom.

The son of King Duncan I (reigned 1034–40), Malcolm lived in exile in England during part of the reign of his father’s murderer, Macbeth (reigned 1040–57). Malcolm killed Macbeth in battle in 1057 and then ascended the throne. After the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066, Malcolm gave refuge to the Anglo-Saxon prince Edgar the Aetheling and his sisters, one of whom, Margaret (later St. Margaret of Scotland), became Malcolm’s second wife.

Malcolm acknowledged the overlordship of William in 1072 but nevertheless soon violated his feudal obligations and made five raids into England. During the last of these invasions he was killed by the forces of King William II Rufus (reigned 1087–1100). Except for a brief interval after Malcolm’s death, the Scottish throne remained in his family until the death of Queen Margaret, the Maid of Norway, in 1290. Of Malcolm’s six sons by Margaret of Scotland, three succeeded to the throne: Edgar (reigned 1097–1107), Alexander I (1107–24), and David I (1124–53).

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