Endocytosis | biology | Britannica (original) (raw)
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horizontal gene transfer
In horizontal gene transfer … bacteria to the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is suspected to have facilitated the latter organism’s adaptation to its animal hosts. Likewise, the exchange of a gene from a human cell to the bacterium _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_—a transfer that appears to have occurred relatively recently in the bacterium’s evolution—may have enabled the… Read More
viral penetration
In virus: The cycle of infection …form by a process called endocytosis. The membrane invaginates and engulfs a virus particle adsorbed to a cell, usually in an area of the membrane called a coated pit, which is lined by a special protein known as clathrin. As the coated pit invaginates, it is pinched off in the… Read More
role in
cellular activity
In cell: Endocytosis In this process the cell membrane engulfs portions of the external medium, forms an almost complete sphere around it, and then draws the membrane-bounded vesicle, called an endosome, into the cell. Several types of endocytosis have been distinguished: in pinocytosis, the vesicles are small… Read More
In cell membrane …the cell is internalized (endocytosis) or part of the cell’s internal medium is externalized (exocytosis). These movements involve a fusion between membrane surfaces, followed by the re-formation of intact membranes. Read More
horizontal gene transfer
In horizontal gene transfer Suspected mechanisms include conjugation and endocytosis, such as when a eukaryotic cell engulfs a prokaryotic cell and gathers it into a special membrane-bound vesicle for degradation. It is thought that in rare instances in endocytosis, genes escape from prokaryotes during degradation and are subsequently incorporated into the eukaryote’s genome. Read More
In lysosome In endocytosis, extracellular macromolecules are taken up into the cell to form membrane-bound vesicles called endosomes that fuse with lysosomes. Autophagocytosis is the process by which old organelles and malfunctioning cellular parts are removed from a cell; they are enveloped by internal membranes that then fuse… Read More
nervous systems
In nervous system: Neurotransmitter release …from the plasma membrane through endocytosis. In this process the membranes are surrounded by a protein coat at the lateral margins of the synapse and are then transferred to cisternae, which form in the terminal during nerve stimulation. There the vesicles lose their coats, are probably refilled with neurotransmitter, and… Read More
