In Central Asian arts: Shamanic ritual Rituals for curing the sick, guiding the soul of the dead to the netherworld, invoking a deity, or visiting the heavens are performed by the shaman in a state of trance induced by frenetic dancing to the music of a drum or a string instrument. Elaborate, symbolic… Read More
study in ethnobotany
In ethnobotany …derived from plants used in folk medicines have been found to be beneficial in the treatment of many illnesses, both physical and mental. The ethnobotany of prehistoric cultures is discovered through examination of ancient writings, pictures, pottery, and plant remains in jars or midden heaps (garbage dumps) excavated at archaeological… Read More
practice in
American Indian cultures
In Native American literature: Northeast …the Central Algonquin developed the Midewiwin, or the Grand Medicine Society—shared by the Eastern Sioux—whose activities revolved around the quest for a vision that would bring them in direct contact with supernatural beings who instructed them in curing ceremonies. The members of the society were not shamans, had no individual… Read More
In Native American dance: The Southwest …called the gahan, to obtain cures but chiefly to celebrate a girl’s coming of age. They also have rites for vision and divination, sometimes with the aid of a vision-inducing communal drinking ceremony. The male dance style is strong, angular, even acrobatic, while the women’s style is subdued. Read More
China
In Beijing: Health Chinese traditional medicine includes utilizing Chinese herb drugs and acupuncture treatments. Students in the Western-style medical schools are taught the essentials of Chinese traditional medicine, and Chinese traditional medical students are expected to be familiar with the essentials of Western medicine. Diagnoses of difficult cases are… Read More
In China: Social changes …the use of Chinese traditional medicine, which relied more heavily on locally available herbs and on such low-cost treatments as acupuncture. Western medicine was simply too expensive and specialized to be used effectively throughout China’s vast hinterlands. Read More
In Asiatic black bear …highly valued for use in traditional Asian medicines, especially in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. In China, bile is “farmed” by extracting it from captive bears, but elsewhere in Asia wild bears are hunted for food as well as for their gallbladder, paws, and other body parts. Read More
brown bears
In brown bear …bears are harvested to make traditional medicines that purportedly alleviate digestive problems and inflammation and purify the blood. Many harvesting operations also remove and sell the animals’ paws, which are considered a delicacy in parts of Asia. The Ainu people of Japan worship the brown bear as a god of… Read More
In rhubarb: Related species palmatum) have been used medicinally in China and Tibet since ancient times, primarily as a cathartic. Their purgative properties and yellow colour are derived from anthracene glycosides; they also contain high levels of calcium oxalate, which give a characteristic grittiness. Read More
