Gold | Facts, Properties, & Uses | Britannica (original) (raw)

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gold (Au), chemical element, a dense lustrous yellow precious metal of Group 11 (Ib), Period 6, of the periodic table of the elements. Gold has several qualities that have made it exceptionally valuable throughout history. It is attractive in colour and brightness, durable to the point of virtual indestructibility, highly malleable, and usually found in nature in a comparatively pure form. The history of gold is unequaled by that of any other metal because of its perceived value from earliest times.

Element Properties

atomic number 79
atomic weight 196.96657
melting point 1,063 °C (1,945 °F)
boiling point 2,966 °C (5,371 °F)
specific gravity 19.3 at 20 °C (68 °F)
oxidation states +1, +3
electron configuration [Xe]4_f_145_d_106_s_1