In oxide: Metal oxides Periodic trends of the oxides have been thoroughly studied. In any given period, the bonding in oxides progresses from ionic to covalent, and their acid-base character goes from strongly basic through weakly basic, amphoteric, weakly acidic, and finally strongly acidic. In general, basicity increases down… Read More
classification of
alkaline-earth metals
In alkaline-earth metal …Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. The elements are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). Read More
boron elements
In boron group element …Group 13 (IIIa) of the periodic table. The elements are boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and nihonium (Nh). They Read More
halogen elements
In halogen …17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. The halogen elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine Read More
nitrogen group elements
In nitrogen group element: Similarities in orbital arrangement In the periodic table, each of the nitrogen group elements occupies the fifth position among the main group elements of its period, a position designated 15. In terms of the electronic configuration of its atoms, each nitrogen group element possesses an outermost shell of five electrons. In… Read More
oxygen group elements
In oxygen group element: Comparison of properties …to Group 16 of the periodic table are characterized by electron configurations in which six electrons occupy the outermost shell. An atom having such an electronic structure tends to form a stable shell of eight electrons by adding two more, producing an ion that has a double negative charge. This… Read More
rare-earth elements
In rare-earth element …the main body of the periodic table (cerium [Ce] through lutetium [Lu]). The elements cerium through lutetium are called the lanthanides, but many scientists also, though incorrectly, call those elements rare earths. Read More
transition metals and their compounds
In transition metal …the long periods of the periodic table of elements between the groups on the left-hand side and the groups on the right. Specifically, they form Groups 3 (IIIb) through 12 (IIb). Read More
transuranium elements
In transuranium element: Transactinoid elements and their predicted properties The periodic table of the elements classifies a wealth of physical and chemical properties, and study of the chemical properties of the heavy elements would show how far the classification scheme of the table could be extended on the basis of the nuclear island of stability.… Read More
work of
Mendeleev
In Dmitri Mendeleev: Formulation of the periodic law As he began to teach inorganic chemistry, Mendeleev could not find a textbook that met his needs. Since he had already published a textbook on organic chemistry in 1861 that had been awarded the prestigious Demidov Prize, he set out to write another… Read More
