Hydraulic torque converter | technology | Britannica (original) (raw)

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automotive systems

• 
  In automobile: Transmission
  Most automatic transmissions employ a hydraulic torque converter, a device for transmitting and amplifying the torque produced by the engine. Each type provides for manual selection of reverse and low ranges that either prevent automatic upshifts or employ lower gear ratios than are used in normal driving. Grade-retard provisions are…
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hydraulic transmission

• In automatic transmission
  The hydraulic torque converter resembles the fluid coupling. Oil transmits power in both. At lower speeds the blades of a pump, or impeller, force oil against the blades of a stator. These blades deflect the oil against a turbine, therefore increasing torque. At higher speeds, as…
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• 
  In hydraulic transmission
  The hydraulic torque converter is similar to the hydraulic coupling, with the addition of a stationary vaned member interposed between the runner and the impeller. All three elements are enclosed in a casing containing a liquid, usually oil. The effect of the stationary member is to…
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