Title Page - Decorative: Speculum Solis .... (original) (raw)

COLLECTION NAME:

David Rumsey Historical Map Collection

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RUMSEY~8~1

David Rumsey Historical Map Collection

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Author:

Ritter, Franz

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Ritter, Franz

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Short Title:

Title Page - Decorative: Speculum Solis ....

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Title Page - Decorative: Speculum Solis ....

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Publisher:

P. Furst

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P. Furst

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Publisher Location:

Nuremberg

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Nuremberg

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Type:

Title Page

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Title Page

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Subject:

Celestial

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Celestial

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Full Title:

(Title Page - Decorative) Speculum Solis ....

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(Title Page - Decorative) Speculum Solis ....

Full Title

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List No:

12187.002

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12187.002

List No

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Series No:

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Engraver or Printer:

P. Troschel

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P. Troschel

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Publication Author:

Ritter, Franz

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Ritter, Franz

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Pub Date:

1660

pub_date

1660

Pub Date

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Pub Title:

Speculum solis : das ist: Sonnen-Spiegel, oder kunstständiger ... Bericht von den Sonnen Uhren ... vormals ... in zweyen Theilen beschrieben, nunmehr aber mit dem dritten Theil, allerhand neuer Erfindungen vermehret ...(bound with) Astrolabium, Das ist: Gründliche Beschreibung und Unterricht, wie solches herrliche und hochnützliche Astronomische Instrument, auff allerley Polus Hoeh, so wol auch nach eines jeden selbst gefaelligen Groess auffgerissen, und verfertigt werden soll : Darnach wie dasselbe vielfältig zu gebrauchen: Mit Kupferstücken verfertiget. Durch M. Franciscum Ritter, N.E.S.P. (by Franz Ritter).

pub_title

Pub Title

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Pub Reference:

pub_reference

For full text of PDF of Speculum Solis https://rumsey3.s3.amazonaws.com/images/SpeculumSolis1660.pdf For full text PDF of Astrolabium https://rumsey3.s3.amazonaws.com/images/Astrolabium1660.pdf

Pub Reference

false

Pub Note:

Franz Ritter's 1660 editions of Speculum Solis (Mirror of the Sun) and Astrolabium bound as one volume with 8 plates for Speculum Solis and 15 plates for Astrolabium. First edtion for Speculum Solis was 1607 and for Astrolabium was 1613. Speculum Solis was Ritter's treatise on sundials with unusual maps on gnomonic projection that can be used as sundials. The first plate from Speculum Solis and Ritter's sundials in general is described thus " ... world map on a sundial projection, bordered by 10 inset horological diagrams, all enclosed in a decorative border, central vertical fold, large margins, overall size 285 x 360mm, Nuremberg, 1607. A rare and extremely unusual map shows the world projected from the North Pole as if it were the table of a sundial. Although at first glance it appears as if the landmasses are melting off the earth, they are actually drawn to scale based on a mathematical projection that links time and location. Ritter uses a gnomonic projection, in which surface points of a sphere are projected from the center of the earth onto a tangent plane. Meridians and the Equator are shown as straight lines, while all other parallels are depicted as ellipsis, parabolas or hyperbolas. In order to use the map to tell time, the center point would be 45°N 10°E, from which point a shadow would be cast onto a meridian to indicate the local sun time. The gnomonic projection was originally called horologium due to its relationship to sundials. The result is a very distorted, though mathematically correct, projection, with the distortion increasing rapidly away from the center point. The geography on the map is limited to major rivers and a few place names, including Florida in North America and the fabled golden city of Manoa on the mythical Parime Lacus in South America. The British Isles are curiously omitted, despite numerous small islands dotting the Atlantic. One small sea monster graces the waters between Africa and Madagascar. In 2017, this map was exhibited in “Regions and Seasons: Mapping Climate through History” organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library. It was included as the winds are one of the features illustrated. The four principal winds are represented encircling a compass, with north at the south. “Destructive” winds in the south are illustrated here as skulls, indicating the negative effects they were believed to have on humankind. Surrounding the central map are ten horological diagrams, all enclosed in a decorative border. These diagrams include a windrose at top centre (bearing the date Anno MDCVII), signs of the zodiac, and sundials for morning, midday and evening hours. The plate was designed for Ritter’s first edition of the Speculum Solis in 1607, and is a synopsis of all the plates that appear in his later editions. Franz Ritter (born in Nuremberg, died 1640) was an astronomer and innovative cartographer, famous for his ‘sundial’ world map. He had studied under Johann Praetorius at the University of Altdorf. Ritter specialized in the design and manufacture of astrolabes, sundials, and other astronomical, horological and cartographical instruments." (Marshall Rare books, ca. 2019). Ritter's plates for Speculum Solis were intended to be used as sundials, hence very few have survived. Regarding Speculum Solis (Diagram 6) (Nuremberg Sundial Map in Gnomonic Projection), our cataloger Daniel Holmes wrote in 2015 "The gnomonic projection was invented (in a modern iteration) in 1607 and first drawn in 1610 by Franz Ritter, a Nuremberg mathematician. He published this world map projected from Nuremburg, with its lines of longitude arrayed to serve also as hour lines suitable for a sundial. Horologist William Andrewes has been building modern sundials based on the precise unique gnomonic projection for each location of sundial installation. The gnomonic projection map was extensively used during World War II and into the 1950's by high frequency (HF) direction finding (DF) sites. On the gnomonic map not only are lines of longitude straight, but any great circle line of bearing is straight as well. Using a pin on the DF site, the lines of bearing could be drawn with an extended piece of string. Computer calculations eventually replaced the manual direction finding and geolocation method."
Ritter's treatise about astrolabes, Astrolabium, was designed to help with land surveying. Plate 4 of the 15 Astrolabium plates is a map taken from a polar projection in the manner of a sundial. Ritter was an astronomer and cartographer, perhaps best-known his 'sundial' world map. Ritter specialized in the design and manufacture of astrolabes, sundials, and other scientific instruments. In Astrolabium Ritter describes the construction and use of astrolabes, the text illustrated with the 15 large plates.

pub_note

Franz Ritter's 1660 editions of Speculum Solis (Mirror of the Sun) and Astrolabium bound as one volume with 8 plates for Speculum Solis and 15 plates for Astrolabium. First edtion for Speculum Solis was 1607 and for Astrolabium was 1613. Speculum Solis was Ritter's treatise on sundials with unusual maps on gnomonic projection that can be used as sundials. The first plate from Speculum Solis and Ritter's sundials in general is described thus " ... world map on a sundial projection, bordered by 10 inset horological diagrams, all enclosed in a decorative border, central vertical fold, large margins, overall size 285 x 360mm, Nuremberg, 1607. A rare and extremely unusual map shows the world projected from the North Pole as if it were the table of a sundial. Although at first glance it appears as if the landmasses are melting off the earth, they are actually drawn to scale based on a mathematical projection that links time and location. Ritter uses a gnomonic projection, in which surface points of a sphere are projected from the center of the earth onto a tangent plane. Meridians and the Equator are shown as straight lines, while all other parallels are depicted as ellipsis, parabolas or hyperbolas. In order to use the map to tell time, the center point would be 45°N 10°E, from which point a shadow would be cast onto a meridian to indicate the local sun time. The gnomonic projection was originally called horologium due to its relationship to sundials. The result is a very distorted, though mathematically correct, projection, with the distortion increasing rapidly away from the center point. The geography on the map is limited to major rivers and a few place names, including Florida in North America and the fabled golden city of Manoa on the mythical Parime Lacus in South America. The British Isles are curiously omitted, despite numerous small islands dotting the Atlantic. One small sea monster graces the waters between Africa and Madagascar. In 2017, this map was exhibited in “Regions and Seasons: Mapping Climate through History” organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library. It was included as the winds are one of the features illustrated. The four principal winds are represented encircling a compass, with north at the south. “Destructive” winds in the south are illustrated here as skulls, indicating the negative effects they were believed to have on humankind. Surrounding the central map are ten horological diagrams, all enclosed in a decorative border. These diagrams include a windrose at top centre (bearing the date Anno MDCVII), signs of the zodiac, and sundials for morning, midday and evening hours. The plate was designed for Ritter’s first edition of the Speculum Solis in 1607, and is a synopsis of all the plates that appear in his later editions. Franz Ritter (born in Nuremberg, died 1640) was an astronomer and innovative cartographer, famous for his ‘sundial’ world map. He had studied under Johann Praetorius at the University of Altdorf. Ritter specialized in the design and manufacture of astrolabes, sundials, and other astronomical, horological and cartographical instruments." (Marshall Rare books, ca. 2019). Ritter's plates for Speculum Solis were intended to be used as sundials, hence very few have survived. Regarding Speculum Solis (Diagram 6) (Nuremberg Sundial Map in Gnomonic Projection), our cataloger Daniel Holmes wrote in 2015 "The gnomonic projection was invented (in a modern iteration) in 1607 and first drawn in 1610 by Franz Ritter, a Nuremberg mathematician. He published this world map projected from Nuremburg, with its lines of longitude arrayed to serve also as hour lines suitable for a sundial. Horologist William Andrewes has been building modern sundials based on the precise unique gnomonic projection for each location of sundial installation. The gnomonic projection map was extensively used during World War II and into the 1950's by high frequency (HF) direction finding (DF) sites. On the gnomonic map not only are lines of longitude straight, but any great circle line of bearing is straight as well. Using a pin on the DF site, the lines of bearing could be drawn with an extended piece of string. Computer calculations eventually replaced the manual direction finding and geolocation method." Ritter's treatise about astrolabes, Astrolabium, was designed to help with land surveying. Plate 4 of the 15 Astrolabium plates is a map taken from a polar projection in the manner of a sundial. Ritter was an astronomer and cartographer, perhaps best-known his 'sundial' world map. Ritter specialized in the design and manufacture of astrolabes, sundials, and other scientific instruments. In Astrolabium Ritter describes the construction and use of astrolabes, the text illustrated with the 15 large plates.

Pub Note

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Pub List No:

12187.000

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12187.000

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Pub Type:

Geography Book

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Geography Book

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Pub Type:

Celestial Atlas

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Celestial Atlas

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Image No:

12187002.jp2

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12187002.jp2

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<a href=https://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/download.pl?image=/195/12187002.jp2 target=_blank>Full Image Download in JP2 Format

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Authors:

Ritter, Franz

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Ritter, Franz

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