FREE Decline Of The Ancient World Study Notes Essay (original) (raw)

THE EMPIRE IN THE EARLY FOURTH CENTURY.
Constantine: Reign witnessed the recognition of the political and economical balance that had shifted from the West to the East. Official toleration of the Christian Religion.
2. Mare Nostrum (Mediterranean): Romans called it "our sea". Main system of commerce. Roads second in trade but more important in the movement of troops.
3. Hellenization: Greek in Culture.
4. Romatization: Romans conquered and imposed Latin language and culture.
5. Bilingualism; Cosmopolitanism: 1st Century A.D. general cosmopolitism among elite society. Bilingual and had much in common. 3rd Century A.D. finds the cosmopolitan fading out, Unifying forces fading, and the shared reverence which kept the Empire together was fading.
6. Italy: By 300 A.D. Italy had suffered depopulation and general impoverishment. Rome maintained the prestige of its history but its power had faded out.
7. Rhaetia; Illyricum (North West Balkans): Latin speaking areas. Extension of Rhaetia is Noricum. Flat Plain extension of Illyricum is Pannonia. Late 3rd Century area of Illyricum supplied best troops, effective generals, and a few Emperors. The main problem was that the power was spent in constant defense of border due to increasing raids and depopulation.
8. Gaul: Intensively Romanized Celtic area. Did a lot of the Emperor's Bull work by defending borders toward Germans. Tendency of Germanization continued. Kept borders by allowing Germans to settle and participate in the army.
9. Britain: More populace in the Southeast. Natives fairly romanized. Northwest area thinly populated. North Britain considered edge of the Roman World.
10. Spain: Resembled Roman Gaul. Iberian Celts Romanized. Iberia was not suffering from defending hostile borders. .
11. Africa (Gibraltar to Eastern Tunisia): Great center of grain capital. Very rich and fertile lands. Moors: Indigenous people of Areas that were romanized. Roman Africa faced their hostile relatives outside boarder.

1. Justice and Judgment in the Laws of Hammurabi and Moses

He did, however, transform Babylon into one of the greatest cities of the ancient world. It is believed by Archaeologists, studying the ancient areas consisting of where Babylon would have been, they have discovered that city streets were arranged in straight lines that intersect at approximately right angles, providing forethought into extensive city planning and a strong central government. ... Hammurabi, noting a need for enforcing certain standards of conducts and for resolving disputes among his people, enacted his Code of Laws in hopes to resolve the issue. ... This failure was a pri...

2. Women in Ancient Greece

There is evidence of advanced plumbing with the world's first flush toilet and terra cotta bathtubs. ... This culture dominated the Greek world from about 1600 to 1100 b.c.e., and was illuminated five hundred years later in Homer's Iliad and the Odyssey, clearly following the oral traditions of ancient societies. ... Does Hera connect with the cow goddess, Hathor, of ancient Egypt, which could offer proof of her ancient birth? ... By the Homeric Age Zeus became superior to Hera, undoubtedly showing women's declining status. ... Politically, the Greek world went through various ...

3. JESUITS IN CHINA

But by far the greatest medieval Arabic historian was Ibn Khaldun, who created an early version of sociological history to account for the rise and decline of cities and civilizations. ... From England came the masterful work of Edward Gibbon, combining erudition with the philosophical concerns of the 18th cent. on the rise and decline of civilization. 10 The end of the century also brought the budding of archaeology out of antiquarianism and of philology out of classical scholarship. ... This German school made history writing into a profession and founded the formal academic study of hi...

4. Bahrain

Their religion was founded near the sixth century by a cleric named Muhammad (Please note that his name is spelled many different ways and this is the one chosen for this report). ... Only 18% of Muslims live in the Arab world; a fifth are found in Sub-Saharan Africa; and the world's largest Muslim community is in Indonesia. ... What effect did Islam have on the world? ... The achievement of scholars working in the Islamic tradition went far beyond translation and preservation of ancient learning. These scholars built upon and developed the ancient heritage before passing it on to the Wes...

5. The Historic Eruption of Mount Vesuvius

The Vesuvius eruption occurred in the ancient Italy, on 24th August, 79 A.D. ... The preserved remains in Pompeii city and the observational notes of Pliny the Younger is the evidence of the Mount Vesuvius eruption in ancient times (this day in history). 1.2. ... It sits in the crater of the ancient Somma volcano. ... (Jashemski, Meyer, 2002) covered the whole ancient Pompeii town and apparently destroyed the nearby Herculaneum and Stabiae cities (sciencedirect). 1.3. ... The most recent reoccurrence of the Mount Vesuvius activity can be recognized during the history of the World War II on M...

6. Trade And Foreign Relations In The Han, Tang, And Song Dynasties

Boasting 13 different dynasties dating as far as back 18th century BC, China has the longest dated history in the world (Lecture 9/5). ... The Chinese believed in the Mandate of Heaven, which said that "the ancient Chinese, as represented by their monarch, had a valid claim to preside over everyone else by virtue of their unequivocal political, cultural, and moral authority" (Sextants of Beijing 14). ... Silk and porcelain were two items that were developed in China and were though to be luxuries by the rest of the world. ... The one-colored ceramics of the past were replaced with painting tha...

7. Yoga: Mind, Body and Spirit

Over the history of the world, yoga has evolved from a religious practiced by holy men in India and Asia, to become part of mainstream fitness all over the world. ... The yoga craze reaches all corners of the world and is not bound by gender, age, spiritual or cultural differences. In its journey from ancient origins to present day, yoga is filled with misinterpretation, mystery, conflict, and confusion. One gets the impression that yoga has been adopted by the Western world like an orphan abandoned by its Indian parents. ... History The story of yoga and its origins are ancient, mysterious a...

8. First Americans

This and other notions, only somewhat less dubious, aroused a 20th century backlash, which led to the opinion that New World man was a relatively newcomer. ... The McJunkin - Figgins discovery of the Folsom bison hunters established man's arrival in the New World in the ice age. ... Thus while it is possible that the Indians are the descendants of successive waves of immigrants, each introducing new ideas, it is just as possible that they spring from a relatively small number of very ancient first settlers who arrived during a fairly brief span of time. Because the ancient India...

9. Muslims - Accepting Cultural Differences

This was a land where ancient civilizations thrived and desert gods ruled the arid land. ... Philosophers have created entire field of science based on the study of the Hadith because of the use from Muslims basic concept of knowledge. ... They are made of light energy and can materialize into any form they need to in the physical world. ... One of these is to watch over people and note what they do. ... The Qur'an also declares that every object in the universe declined this gift out of fear of the consequences. ...

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