FREE Fgm Essay (original) (raw)

"The little girl, entirely nude, is immobilized in the sitting position on a low stool by at least three women. One of them with her arms tightly around the little girl's chest; two others hold the child's thighs apart by force, in order to open wide the vulva. The child's arms are tied behind her back, or immobilized by two other women guests .
Then the old woman takes her razor and excises the clitoris. The infibulation follows: the operator cuts with her razor from top to bottom of the small lip and then scrapes the flesh from the inside of the large lip. This nymphectomy and scraping are repeated on the other side of the vulva .
The little girl howls and writhes in pain, although strongly held down. The operator wipes the blood from the wound and the mother, as well as the guests, verify her work, sometimes putting their fingers in. The opening left for urine and menstrual blood is minuscule .
Then the operator applies a paste and ensures the adhesion of the large lips by means of an acacia thorn, which pierces one lip and passes through into the other. She sticks in three or four in this manner down the vulva. These thorns are then held in place either by means of sewing thread, or with horsehair. Paste is again put on the wound .
But all this is not sufficient to ensure the coalescence of the large lips; so the little girl is then tied up from her pelvis to her feet: strips of material rolled up into a rope immobilizes her legs entirely -.
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"M.A.S. Mustafa, Muslim resident of Djibouti.
The passage above describes a typical procedure known as female genital mutilation (FGM) or female circumcision (FC). For many generations, this practice has been a normal and accepted scenario for women around the world, but has now become an issue for international controversy. It is estimated that 137 million females around the world have undergone FGM/FC, and at least another 2 million females per year are at risk of undergoing such a procedure (Bosch 1177).

1. FGM

Anika Rahman and Nahid Toubia's articles on the "background and history" of FGM - state that FGM is not a religious practice, rather it is culturally based. ... People of different religious backgrounds in Africa practiced FGM. Despite this, FGM is still wrongly misconstrued as an Islamic ritual. ... Men control women and it is them who require the women to have FGM. ... As argued above FGM is a violation of women's rights. ...

2. Female Genital Mutilation

More side effects of FGM include hemorrhages, tetanus, and shock. FGM has been cited by WHO in 2001 as a major health problem. ... "There are no exact data on the prevalence of FGM in Africa. ... For example, as clearly will be seen, although FGM is most common in Muslim countries, FGM prevalence in no way follows the prevalence of Islam. ... They are planning on trying to reduce the number of women who undergo FGM every year by making FGM illegal, the UN and the WHO have also made rigid laws for those who still practice FGM in areas where it is illegal. ...

3. Female Genital Mutilation

In the communities where FGM takes place, it is referred to as "female circumcision." ... Approximately 85 percent of all women who undergo FGM have clitoridectomies. ... In countries like Sudan, Somalia, and Djibouti, 80 to 90 percent of all FGM is infibulation. ... It is important to remember that FGM is neither a disease nor a reproductive risk. ... In other words, FGM removes FGM removes the woman's sexual organ and leaves her reproductive organs intact. ...

4. Mutilation of Women

But internationally financed population, health and safe motherhood programs ignore Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and have failed to implement effective preventive education. ... FGM is painful, dangerous, and disrespectful to the woman/child and her body and I belive evry woman has the right to education to help make this critical decision. ... And that's not all, FGM causes urinary and menstrual problems, frigidity, painful intercourse, and many, many needless deaths. The highest childbirth mortality is recorded in areas where FGM is practiced. ... FGM is desecrating the woman...

5. Genital Mutilation

But internationally financed population, health and safe motherhood programs ignore Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and have failed to implement effective preventive education. ... FGM is painful, dangerous, and disrespectful to the woman/child and her body and I belive evry woman has the right to education to help make this critical decision. ... And that's not all, FGM causes urinary and menstrual problems, frigidity, painful intercourse, and many, many needless deaths. The highest childbirth mortality is recorded in areas where FGM is practiced. ... FGM is desecrating the woman...

6. Female Circumcision

Female circumcision, commonly known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is practiced in over 30 countries in the world. ... The estimating of women who have gone through FGM has totaled up to about 114 to 130 million women a year. ... The most controversial part of FGM is the many reasons as to why this practice is done to so many women because it hardly makes any sense. The first reason for FGM is that it makes the woman more beautiful facially and in between the legs. ... This statement perfectly provokes the question of the real motive behind FGM. ...

7. Female genital mutilation

This procedure has been given the names of Female and Male Genital Mutilation, or FGM/MGM, by its opponents. ... (FGM Network). ... FGM and MGM are primarily cultural practices. ... It is not difficult to see why so many people can be outraged by FGM and MGM. ... Imagine growing up in a society where FGM and MGM are the "norm-. ...

8. FGM: An International Crisis

FGM, or Female Genital Mutilation, has been practiced worldwide for several thousand years in more than thirty countries throughout the world. ... There are issues and controversies over allowing the practice of FGM to continue throughout the world. ... FGM is usually performed in the houses of neighbors or in the family's home itself. ... Nearly thirty countries worldwide allow FGM; in fact, many of them openly encourage it to be done. ... FGM is deemed critical in order for a girl to be considered a complete woman, and the practice itself separates women from girls. ...

9. Female Genital Mutilation

(Internet I) Why is FGM practiced? ... "FGM is primarily a social practice, not a religious one". ... This is more frequent where FGM is part of the initiation into adulthood. FGM is often deemed necessary in order to be considered a complete woman. ... Three types of FGM are: 1. ...

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