C++ Arithmetic Operators (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 21 Jan, 2025

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Arithmetic Operators in C++ are used to perform arithmetic or mathematical operations on the operands (generally numeric values). An operand can be a variable or a value. For example, ‘****+**’ is used for addition, '-' is used for subtraction, '*' is used for multiplication, etc. Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() {

// Adding two integers using operator '+'
int sum = 10 + 20;
  int diff = 20 - 10;

cout << sum << endl;
  cout << diff;
return 0;

}

`

**Explanation: In the above code, the + operator is used to calculate the sum of two values **10 and **20. It returned the sum which was then stored in the variable **res and printed.

In C++, there are a total of 7 Arithmetic Operators as shown in the below table

Addition (+) Operator

The **addition operator (+) is used to add two operands means it is a binary operator. This operator works on both integers and floating-point numbers.Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() { int a = 5, b = 10;

  // Adding two integers a nd b
int res = a + b;  
cout << res;
return 0;

}

`

2. Subtraction Operator (-)

The **subtraction operator (-) is used to subtract one operand from another. It is also a binary operator and works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() { int a = 15, b = 5;

  // Subtracting two integers a and b
int res = a - b;
cout << res;
return 0;

}

`

3. Multiplication Operator (*)

The **multiplication operator (*) is used to multiply two operands. It is also a binary operator and works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() { int a = 4, b = 3;

  // Multiplying two integers
int res = a * b;
cout << res ;
return 0;

}

`

4. Division Operator (/)

The **division operator (/) is used to divide one operand by another. The result of integer division will be an integer, discarding the remainder. For floating-point division, the result is a floating-point value. Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() { int a = 10, b = 2;

  // Dividing two integers
int res1 = a / b;
cout << res1 << endl;

double x = 10.0, y = 3.0;

  // Floating-point division
double res2 = x / y;
cout << res2;

return 0;

}

`

5. Modulus Operator (%)

The **modulus operator (%)is used to find the remainder when one number is divided by another. This operator only works with integers. Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() { int a = 10, b = 3;

  // Finding the remainder
int res = a % b;
cout << res ;
return 0;

}

`

6. Increment Operator (++)

The **increment operator (++) is used to add 1 to the given operand. It is a binary operator that works only on single operand. It works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() { int a = 10;

  // Add 1 to a
a++;  // It can also be written as ++a
cout << a ;
return 0;

}

`

The increment operator can also be written before the operand. e.g. ++a. It is called preincrement.

7. Decrement Operator (++)

The **decrement operator (--) is used to subtract 1 from the given operand. It is a binary operator that works only on single operand. It works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

C++ `

#include using namespace std;

int main() { int a = 10;

  // Subtract 1 from a
a--;   // it can also be --a;
cout << a ;
return 0;

}

`

The decrement operator can also be written before the operand. e.g. --a. It is called predecrement.