C# Tutorial (original) (raw)

Introduction

• C# Tutorial C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is a modern, versatile, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000 that runs on the .NET Framework. Whether you're creating Windows applications, diving into Unity game development, or working on enterprise solutions, C# is one of the top choices fo 4 min read

• Introduction to .NET Framework The .NET Framework is a software development framework developed by Microsoft that provides a runtime environment and a set of libraries and tools for building and running applications on Windows operating systems. The .NET framework is primarily used on Windows, while .NET Core (which evolved into 6 min read

• C# .NET Framework (Basic Architecture and Component Stack) C# (C-Sharp) is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000. It is a part of the .NET ecosystem and is widely used for building desktop, web, mobile, cloud, and enterprise applications. This is originally tied to the .NET Framework, C# has evolved to be the primary 6 min read

• C# Hello World The Hello World Program is the most basic program when we dive into a new programming language. This simply prints "Hello World!" on the console. In C#, a basic program consists of the following:A Namespace DeclarationClass Declaration & DefinitionClass Members(like variables, methods, etc.)Main 4 min read

• Common Language Runtime (CLR) in C# The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a component of the Microsoft .NET Framework that manages the execution of .NET applications. It is responsible for loading and executing the code written in various .NET programming languages, including C#, VB.NET, F#, and others.When a C# program is compiled, th 4 min read

Fundamentals

• C# Identifiers In programming languages, identifiers are used for identification purposes. Or in other words, identifiers are the user-defined name of the program components. In C#, an identifier can be a class name, method name, variable name, or label. Example: public class GFG { static public void Main () { int 2 min read

• C# Data Types Data types specify the type of data that a valid C# variable can hold. C# is a strongly typed programming language because in C# each type of data (such as integer, character, float, and so forth) is predefined as part of the programming language and all constants or variables defined for a given pr 7 min read

• C# Variables In C#, variables are containers used to store data values during program execution. So basically, a Variable is a placeholder of the information which can be changed at runtime. And variables allows to Retrieve and Manipulate the stored information. In Brief Defination: When a user enters a new valu 4 min read

• C# Literals In C#, a literal is a fixed value used in a program. These values are directly written into the code and can be used by variables. A literal can be an integer, floating-point number, string, character, boolean, or even null. Example:// Here 100 is a constant/literal.int x = 100; Types of Literals in 5 min read

• C# Operators In C#, Operators are special types of symbols which perform operations on variables or values. It is a fundamental part of language which plays an important role in performing different mathematical operations. It takes one or more operands and performs operations to produce a result.Types of Operat 7 min read

• C# Keywords Keywords or Reserved words are the words in a language that are used for some internal process or represent some predefined actions. These words are therefore not allowed to be used as variable names or objects. Doing this will result in a compile-time error.Example:C#// C# Program to illustrate the 5 min read

Control Statements

• C# Decision Making (if, if-else, if-else-if ladder, nested if, switch, nested switch) Decision Making in programming is similar to decision making in real life. In programming too, a certain block of code needs to be executed when some condition is fulfilled. A programming language uses control statements to control the flow of execution of program based on certain conditions. These 5 min read

• C# Switch Statement In C#, Switch statement is a multiway branch statement. It provides an efficient way to transfer the execution to different parts of a code based on the value of the expression. The switch expression is of integer type such as int, char, byte, or short, or of an enumeration type, or of string type. 4 min read

• C# Loops Looping in a programming language is a way to execute a statement or a set of statements multiple times depending on the result of the condition to be evaluated to execute statements. The result condition should be true to execute statements within loops.Loops are mainly divided into two categories: 4 min read

• C# Jump Statements (Break, Continue, Goto, Return and Throw) In C#, Jump statements are used to transfer control from one point to another point in the program due to some specified code while executing the program. In, this article, we will learn to different jump statements available to work in C#.Types of Jump StatementsThere are mainly five keywords in th 4 min read

OOP Concepts

• C# Class and Objects Class and Object are the basic concepts of Object-Oriented Programming which revolve around real-life entities. A class is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created. Basically, a class combines the fields and methods(member functions which define actions) into a single uni 5 min read

• C# Constructors Constructor is a special method of the class which gets automatically invoked whenever an instance of the class is created. Constructors in C# are fundamental components of object-oriented programming. Like methods, It contains the collection of instructions that are executed at the time of Object c 5 min read

• C# Inheritance Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that allows a child class to inherit the properties from the superclass. The new class inherits the properties and methods of the existing class and can also add new properties and methods of its own. Inheritance promotes code reuse 6 min read

• C# Encapsulation Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data and information under a single unit. It is the mechanism that binds together the data and the functions that manipulate them. In contrast, encapsulation is a protective shield that prevents the data from being accessed by the code outside this shie 4 min read

• C# Abstraction Data Abstraction is the property by which only the essential details are shown to the user and non-essential details or implementations are hidden from the user. In other words, Data Abstraction may also be defined as the process of identifying only the required characteristics of an object ignoring 4 min read

Methods

• C# Methods A method is a block of code that performs a specific task. It can be executed when called, and it may take inputs, process them, and return a result. Methods can be defined within classes and are used to break down complex programs into simpler, modular pieces. Methods improve code organization, rea 4 min read

• C# Method Overloading Method overloading is an important feature of Object-Oriented programming and refers to the ability to redefine a method in more than one form. A user can implement method overloading by defining two or more functions in a class sharing the same name. C# can distinguish the methods with different me 4 min read

• C# | Method Parameters Methods in C# are generally the block of codes or statements in a program which gives the user the ability to reuse the same code which ultimately saves the excessive use of memory, acts as a time saver and more importantly, it provides better readability of the code. So you can say a method is a co 7 min read

• C# Method Overriding In C#, method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already defined in the superclass or base class. The method in the subclass must have the same signature as the method in the base class. By overriding a method, the subclass can modify the behavi 9 min read

• Anonymous Method in C# An anonymous method is a method which doesn’t contain any name which is introduced in C# 2.0. It is useful when the user wants to create an inline method and also wants to pass parameter in the anonymous method like other methods. An Anonymous method is defined using the delegate keyword and the use 3 min read

Arrays

• C# Arrays An array is a group of like-typed variables that are referred to by a common name. And each data item is called an element of the array. The data types of the elements may be any valid data type like char, int, float, etc. and the elements are stored in a contiguous location. Length of the array spe 8 min read

• C# Jagged Arrays A jagged array is an array of arrays, where each element in the main array can have a different length. In simpler terms, a jagged array is an array whose elements are themselves arrays. These inner arrays can have different lengths. Can also be mixed with multidimensional arrays. The number of rows 4 min read

• C# Array Class Array class in C# is part of the System namespace and provides methods for creating, searching, and sorting arrays. The Array class is not part of the System.Collections namespace, but it is still considered as a collection because it is based on the IList interface. The Array class is the base clas 7 min read

• How to Sort an Array in C# | Array.Sort() Method Set - 1 Array.Sort Method in C# is used to sort elements in a one-dimensional array. There are 17 methods in the overload list of this method as follows:Sort(T[]) MethodSort(T[], IComparer) MethodSort(T[], Int32, Int32) MethodSort(T[], Comparison) Method 8 min read

• How to find the rank of an array in C# Array.Rank Property is used to get the rank of the Array. Rank is the number of dimensions of an array. For example, 1-D array returns 1, a 2-D array returns 2, and so on. Syntax: public int Rank { get; } Property Value: It returns the rank (number of dimensions) of the Array of type System.Int32. B 2 min read

ArrayList

• ArrayList in C# ArrayList is a powerful feature of C# language. It is the non-generic type of collection which is defined in System.Collections namespace. It is used to create a dynamic array means the size of the array is increase or decrease automatically according to the requirement of your program, there is no 6 min read

• C# ArrayList Class ArrayList class in C# is a part of the System.Collections namespace that represents an ordered collection of an object that can be indexed individually. It is basically an alternative to an array. It also allows dynamic memory allocation, adding, searching, and sorting items in the list.Elements can 7 min read

• C# | Array vs ArrayList Arrays: An array is a group of like-typed variables that are referred to by a common name. Example: CSHARP // C# program to demonstrate the Arrays using System; class GFG { // Main Method public static void Main(string[] args) { // creating array int[] arr = new int[4]; // initializing array arr[0] 2 min read

String

• C# Strings In C#, a string is a sequence of Unicode characters or an array of characters. The range of Unicode characters will be U+0000 to U+FFFF. The array of characters is also termed as the text. So the string is the representation of the text. A string is an important concept, and sometimes people get con 7 min read

• C# Verbatim String Literal - @ In C#, a verbatim string is created using a special symbol @. The symbol(@) is known as a verbatim identifier. If a string contains @ as a prefix followed by double quotes, then compiler identifies that string as a verbatim string and compile that string. The main advantage of @ symbol is to tell th 5 min read

• C# String Class In C#, a string is a sequence of Unicode characters or an array of characters. The range of Unicode characters will be U+0000 to U+FFFF. The array of characters is also termed as the text. So the string is the representation of the text. A string is represented by a class System.String. The String c 9 min read

• C# StringBuilder StringBuilder is a Dynamic Object. It doesn’t create a new object in the memory but dynamically expands the needed memory to accommodate the modified or new string.A String object is immutable, i.e. a String cannot be changed once created. To avoid string replacing, appending, removing or inserting 4 min read

• C# String vs StringBuilder StringBuilder is used to represent a mutable string of characters. Mutable means the string which can be changed. So String objects are immutable but StringBuilder is the mutable string type. It will not create a new modified instance of the current string object but do the modifications in the exis 3 min read

Tuple

• C# Tuple A tuple is a data structure which consists of multiple parts. It is the easiest way to represent a data set which has multiple values of different types. It was introduced in .NET Framework 4.0. In a tuple, we can add elements from 1 to 8. If try to add elements greater than eight, then the compiler 7 min read

• C# Tuple Class In C#, the Tuple class is used to provide static methods for creating tuples and this class is defined under the System namespace. This class itself does not represent a tuple, but it provides static methods that are used to create an instance of the tuple type. In other words, the Tuple class provi 3 min read

• C# ValueTuple ValueTuple is a structure introduced in C# 7.0 which represents the value type. Already included in .NET Framework 4.7 or higher version. It allows us to store a data set that contains multiple values that may or may not be related to each other. It can store elements starting from 0 to 8 and can st 7 min read

• C# ValueTuple Struct ValueTuple Struct in C# is a structure that provides static methods that are used in creating value tuples. It is defined under the System namespace and was introduced in .NET Framework 4.7. This struct enables runtime implementation tuples in C#. The ValueTuple structure represents a tuple that can 4 min read

Indexers

• C# Indexers In C#, an indexer allows an instance of a class or struct to be indexed as an array. When an indexer is defined for a class, then that class will behave like a virtual array. Array access operator i.e. ([ ]) is used to access the instance of the class which uses an indexer. A user can retrieve or se 4 min read

• C# Multidimensional Indexers In C#, indexers are special members that allow objects to be indexed similarly to arrays. Multi-dimensional indexers in C# are the same as multidimensional arrays. We can efficiently retrieve data with a multi-dimensional indexer by providing at least two parameters in its declaration. The first ind 5 min read

• C# - Overloading of Indexers In C#, Indexer allows an instance of a class or struct to be indexed as an array. When an indexer is defined for a class, then that class will behave like a virtual array. It can be overloaded. C# has multiple indexers in a single class. To overload an indexer, declare it with multiple parameters an 3 min read