Data types in TypeScript (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 21 Jan, 2025

In TypeScript, a data type defines the kind of values a variable can hold, ensuring type safety and enhancing code clarity.

**Primitive Types: Basic types like number, string, boolean, null, undefined, and symbol.
**Object Types: Complex structures including arrays, classes, interfaces, and functions.

**Primitive Types

Primitive types are the most basic data types in TypeScript. They represent simple, immutable values and are directly assigned.

Type	Keyword	Description
Number	number	Represents both integer and floating-point numbers.
String	string	Represents textual data.
Boolean	boolean	Represents logical values: true or false.
Null	null	Represents the intentional absence of any object value.
Undefined	undefined	Represents an uninitialized variable.
Symbol	symbol	Represents a unique, immutable value, often used as object keys.
BigInt	bigint	Represents integers with arbitrary precision.

Object types are more complex structures that can contain multiple values and functions. They are mutable and can be manipulated after creation.

Type	Description
Object	Represents any non-primitive type; however, its use is discouraged in favor of more specific types.
Array	Represents a collection of elements of a specific type.
Tuple	Represents an array with a fixed number of elements of specific types.
Enum	Represents a set of named constants, allowing for a collection of related values.
Function	Represents a callable entity; can define parameter and return types.
Class	Defines a blueprint for creating objects with specific properties and methods.
Interface	Describes the shape of an object, specifying property names and types.

TypeScript also offers advanced types that provide additional capabilities for complex type definitions:

Type	Description
Union Types	Allows a variable to hold one of several types, providing flexibility in type assignments.
Intersection Types	Combines multiple types into one, requiring a value to satisfy all included types.
Literal Types	Enables exact value types, allowing variables to be assigned specific values only.
Mapped Types	Creates new types by transforming properties of an existing type according to a specified rule.

**Use let and const Instead of var: Prefer let and const for block-scoped variables to avoid issues with hoisting and scope leakage.
**Avoid the any Type: Refrain from using any as it bypasses type checking; opt for specific types to maintain type safety.
**Leverage Type Inference: Allow TypeScript to infer types when possible, reducing redundancy and enhancing code readability.
**Utilize Utility Types: Employ built-in utility types like Partial and Readonly to create flexible and readable type definitions.