How to implement our own Vector Class in C++? (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 08 Nov, 2023

The given task is to implement a class in C++ which behaves just like the Vector class.
Vectors are the same as dynamic arrays with the ability to resize themselves automatically when an element is inserted or deleted, with their storage being handled automatically by the container. Vector elements are placed in contiguous storage so that they can be accessed and traversed using iterators. In vectors, data is inserted at the end. Inserting at the end takes differential time, as sometimes there may be a need of extending the array. Removing the last element takes only constant time because no resizing happens. Inserting and erasing at the beginning or in the middle is linear in time.

We can also make the vector class generic using templates.
Certain functions associated with the Vector that we will implement are:

void push(int data): This function takes one element and inserts it at the last. Amortized time complexity is O(1).
void push(int data, int index): It inserts data at the specified index. Time complexity is O(1).
int get(int index): It is used to get the element at the specified index. Time complexity is O(1).
void pop(): It deletes the last element. Time complexity is O(1).
int size(): It returns the size of the vector i.e, the number of elements in the vector. Time complexity is O(1).
int getcapacity(): It returns the capacity of the vector. Time complexity is O(1).
void print(): It is used to print array elements. Time complexity is O(N), where N is the size of the vector.

Below is the implementation of our own Vector class.

C++ `

// Self implementation of // the Vector Class in C++ #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; template class vectorClass {

// arr is the integer pointer
// which stores the address of our vector
T* arr;

// capacity is the total storage
// capacity of the vector
int capacity;

// current is the number of elements
// currently present in the vector
int current;

public: // Default constructor to initialise // an initial capacity of 1 element and // allocating storage using dynamic allocation vectorClass() { arr = new T[1]; capacity = 1; current = 0; } // destructor to deallocate storage allocated by dynamic // allocation to prevent memory leak ~vectorClass() { delete[] arr; }

// Function to add an element at the last
void push(T data)
{

    // if the number of elements is equal to the
    // capacity, that means we don't have space to
    // accommodate more elements. We need to double the
    // capacity
    if (current == capacity) {
        T* temp = new T[2 * capacity];

        // copying old array elements to new array
        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
            temp[i] = arr[i];
        }

        // deleting previous array
        delete[] arr;
        capacity *= 2;
        arr = temp;
    }

    // Inserting data
    arr[current] = data;
    current++;
}

// function to add element at any index
void push(T data, int index)
{

    // if index is equal to capacity then this
    // function is same as push defined above
    if (index == capacity)
        push(data);
    else
        arr[index] = data;
}

// function to extract element at any index
T get(int index)
{
    // if index is within the range
    if (index < current)
        return arr[index];
    // if index is not within range
    return -1;
}

// function to delete last element
void pop() { current--; }

// function to get size of the vector
int size() { return current; }

// function to get capacity of the vector
int getcapacity() { return capacity; }

// function to print array elements
void print()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < current; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

};

// Driver code int main() { vectorClass v; vectorClass v1; v.push(10); v.push(20); v.push(30); v.push(40); v.push(50); v1.push(71); v1.push(72); v1.push(73); v1.push(74);

cout << "Vector size : " << v.size() << endl;
cout << "Vector capacity : " << v.getcapacity() << endl;

cout << "Vector elements : ";
v.print();

v.push(100, 1);

cout << "\nAfter updating 1st index" << endl;

cout << "Vector elements of type int : " << endl;
v.print();
// This was possible because we used templates
cout << "Vector elements of type char : " << endl;
v1.print();
cout << "Element at 1st index of type int: " << v.get(1)
     << endl;
cout << "Element at 1st index of type char: "
     << v1.get(1) << endl;

v.pop();
v1.pop();

cout << "\nAfter deleting last element" << endl;

cout << "Vector size of type int: " << v.size() << endl;
cout << "Vector size of type char: " << v1.size()
     << endl;
cout << "Vector capacity of type int : "
     << v.getcapacity() << endl;
cout << "Vector capacity of type char : "
     << v1.getcapacity() << endl;

cout << "Vector elements of type int: ";
v.print();
cout << "Vector elements of type char: ";
v1.print();

return 0;

}

Output

Vector size : 5 Vector capacity : 8 Vector elements : 10 20 30 40 50

After updating 1st index Vector elements of type int : 10 100 30 40 50 Vector elements of type char : G H I J Element at 1st index of type int: 100 Element at 1st index of type char: H

After deleting last element Vector size of type int: 4 Vector size of type char: 3 Vector capacity of type int : 8 Vector capacity of type char : 4 Vector elements of type int: 10 100 30 40 Vector elements of type char: G H I