Arithmetic Mean (original) (raw)
Last Updated : 7 Mar, 2026
The Arithmetic Mean (AM) is the sum of all observations divided by the total number of observations. It represents the central or typical value in a dataset.
Arithmetic \ Mean \ (AM) = \frac {Sum \ of \ all \ observations} {Number \ of \ observations}
Arithmetic Mean OR (AM) is calculated by taking the sum of all the given values and then dividing it by the number of values. For evenly distributed terms arranged in ascending or descending order arithmetic mean is the middle term of the sequence. The arithmetic mean is sometimes also called mean, average, or arithmetic average.
Example: Find the Arithmetic mean of 3, 6, 7, and 4.
the mean is calculated first by taking the sum of all the values 3 + 6 + 7 + 4 = 20 and then dividing it by, 4 as we have a total of 4 terms. Arithmetic mean = 20/4 = 5. Thus, the arithmetic mean of the given value is 5.
**Applications:
- Finding the average marks obtained by the student.
- Calculating average temperature, rainfall, or income
- Comparing performance or trends across datasets.
Arithmetic Mean Formula
In the below diagram,
- The first two formula are different representations of the same thing.
- The third formula is for the cases when we have frequencies associated with the items.
The formula for calculating the arithmetic mean is,
**Arithmetic Mean (x̄) = Sum of all observations / Number of observations
Let there be n observations in a data set namely n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, ........nn. Then the arithmetic mean is calculated as,
A.M. = (n_{1} + n_{2} + n_{3} + n_{4} + ... + n_{n})/n
If the frequency of various numbers in a data set is f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, ..., fn for the numbers n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, ... nn.
A.M. = \frac{f_1n_1 + f_2n_2 + f_3n_3 + f_4n_4 + ... + f_nn_n}{f_1 + f_2 + f_3 + f_4 + ... + f_n}
The arithmetic mean formula is given by,
A.M = {\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}}
where,
- **n is number of items
- **A.M is arithmetic mean
- **a i are set values.
Properties of Arithmetic Mean
Arithmetic Mean has various properties and some of the important properties of the arithmetic mean are discussed below. If we take "n" observations, i.e. x₁, x₂, x₃, ….,xₙ and let x̄ be its arithmetic mean then,
- If all the values in the data set are equal then the arithmetic mean of the data set is the individual value of the data set.
**Find the arithmetic mean of the data set, 6, 6, 6, 6, and 6.
**Solution:
Arithmetic Mean = (6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6)/5
= 30/5
= 6
- The sum of the deviation of all the values in a set of observations from the arithmetic mean is zero.
****(x₁−x̄)+(x₂−x̄)+(x₃−x̄)+...+(xₙ−x̄) = 0**
- For Discrete Data Set, we can say that ∑(xi − x̄) = 0
- For Grouped Frequency Distribution, we can say that ∑f(xi − ∑x̄) = 0
- If we increase or decrease all the values of the data set by a fixed value then the arithmetic is increased or decreased by the same value.
**If the arithmetic mean of the data set, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 is 6 and if each value is increased by 3 find the new mean.
**Solution:
New data set = 4+3, 5+3, 6+3, 7+3, 8+3
= 7, 8, 9, 10, 11Arithmetic Mean = (7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11)/5
= 45/5
= 9...(i)Also, Old AM = 6
Change in each value, 3
New AM = 6 + 3 = 9...(ii)
From (i) and (ii) above property is proved.
- If we multiply or divide all the values of the data set by a fixed value then the arithmetic is multiplied or divided by the same value.
**If the arithmetic mean of the data set, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 is 6 and if each value is multiplied by 3 find the new mean.
**Solution:
New data set = 4×3, 5×3, 6×3, 7×3, 8×3
= 12, 15, 18, 21, 24Arithmetic Mean = (12+15+18+21+24)/5
= 90/5
= 18...(i)Also, Old AM = 6
Each value is multiplied by 3
New AM = 6 × 3 = 18...(ii)
From (i) and (ii) above property is proved.
Arithmetic Mean can easily be calculated for,
- Ungrouped Data
- Grouped Data
Calculating Arithmetic Mean for Ungrouped Data
For ungrouped data, the arithmetic mean is easily calculated using the formula,
**Mean (x̄) = Sum of All Observations / Number of Observations
We can understand this with the help of the example discussed below,
**Example: Find the mean of the first 5 even numbers.
**Solution:
First 5 even numbers are: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
x̄ = (0+2+4+6+8) / 5
= 20/5
= 4Thus, the arithmetic mean of first five even numbers is 4.
Calculating Arithmetic Mean for Grouped Data
The grouped data is the data given as the continuous interval, i.e. in grouped data the class interval is given along with the frequency of each class. There are three different methods which are used to find the arithmetic mean for grouped data, they are
- Direct Method for Mean
- Short-Cut Method
- Step-Deviation Method for Mean
We can use any of the three methods for finding the arithmetic mean for grouped data depending on the value of frequency and the mid-terms of the interval. Now let's discuss the three methods for finding the arithmetic mean for grouped data in detail.
Direct Method for Finding the Arithmetic Mean
We can easily find the arithmetic mean using the direct method as,
Let we have to find the mean of n observation say x₁, x₂, x₃ ……xₙ, and their frequency is f₁, f₂, f₃ ……fₙ respectively. Then the formula for arithmetic mean is,
x̄ = (x₁f₁+x₂f₂+......+xₙfₙ) / ∑fi
where
**x̄ is the arithmetic mean
f₁+ f₂ + ....fₙ = ∑fi indicates the sum of all frequencies
**Example: Find the mean of the following data.
| x | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| f | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
**Solution:
For mean,
xi 5 10 15 20 25 fi 5 2 2 3 4 fixi 25 20 30 60 100 ∑fi = 5+2+2+3+4 = 16
∑fixi = 25+20+30+60+100 = 235
x̄ = (x₁f₁+x₂f₂+......+xₙfₙ) / ∑fi
x̄ = 235/16 = 14.6875
Thus, the mean of the given data set is 14.6875
Short-cut Method for Finding the Arithmetic Mean
We can easily find the arithmetic mean using the shortcut method also called the assumed mean method by using the steps discussed below,
**Step 1: Find the midpoint of each class interval say xi
**Step 2: Assumed a random number as the assumed mean say A.
**Step 3: Find the deviation of each class interval midpoint as, (di) = xi – A
**Step 4: Use the formula for finding the arithmetic mean
**x̄ = A + (∑f i d i /∑f i )
**Example: Find the mean of the given data using the short-cut method.
| Class Interval (CI) | Frequency(fi) |
|---|---|
| 5-15 | 5 |
| 15-25 | 12 |
| 25-35 | 8 |
| 35-45 | 6 |
**Solution:
For Arithmetic Mean,
Let the assumed mean be 20
Class Interval (CI) xi Frequency(fi) di = (xi - A) fidi 5-15 10 4 10 - 20 = -10 -40 15-25 20 12 20 - 20 = 0 0 25-35 30 8 30 - 20 = 10 80 35-45 40 6 40 - 20 = 20 120 ∑fi = 4+12+8+6 = 20
∑fidi = -40+0+80+120 = 160
Using the Formula,
x̄ = A + (∑fidi/∑fi)
x̄ = 20 + 160/20
= 20 + 8
= 28Thus, the Arithmetic mean is, 28
Step-Deviation Method for Finding the Arithmetic Mean
We can easily find the arithmetic mean using the step-deviation method also called the scale method by using the steps discussed below,
**Step 1: Find the midpoint of each class interval say xi
**Step 2: Assumed a random number as the assumed mean say A.
**Step 3: Find the ui = (xi-A)/h, where, h is the class interval.
**Step 4: Use the formula for finding the arithmetic mean
**x̄ = A + h(∑f i u i /∑f i )
**Example: Find the mean of the given data using the short-cut method.
| Class Interval (CI) | Frequency(fi) |
|---|---|
| 5-15 | 5 |
| 15-25 | 12 |
| 25-35 | 8 |
| 35-45 | 6 |
**Solution:
For Arithmetic Mean,
Let the assumed mean be 20
The class interval is 10.
Class Interval (CI) xi Frequency(fi) ui = (xi-A)/h fiui 5-15 10 4 -1 -4 15-25 20 12 0 0 25-35 30 8 1 8 35-45 40 6 2 12 ∑fi = 4+12+8+6 = 20
∑fiui = -4+0+8+12 = 16
Using the Formula,
x̄ = A + h(∑fidi/∑fi)
x̄ = 20 + 10(16/20)
= 20 + 8
= 28
Thus, the Arithmetic mean is, 28
Solved Examples on Arithmetic Mean
**Example 1: Find the arithmetic mean of the first five prime numbers.
**Solution:
Arithmetic mean of first five prime numbers,
First Five Prime Numbers = 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11
Number of observations (n) = 5
Mean (x̄) = (Sum of Observations)/ (Number of Observations)
x̄ = (2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11)/5 = 28/5
x̄ = 5.6
Hence, the arithmetic mean of the first five prime numbers is 5.6.
**Example 2: If the arithmetic mean of five observations 5, 6, 7, x, and 9 is 6. Find the value of x.
**Solution:
Given observations are 5, 6, 7, x, and 9
Number of Observations = 5
Mean (x̄) = (Sum of Observations)/ (Number of Observations)
6 = (5 + 6 + 7 + x + 9)/5
30 = 27 + x
x = 30 - 27
x = 3
Hence, the value of x is 3
**Example 3: If the arithmetic mean of five observations 10, 20, 30, x, and 50 is 30. Find the value of x.
**Solution:
Given, observations are 10, 20, 30, x and 50
Number of observations = 5
Mean (x̄) = (Sum of Observations)/ (Number of Observations)
30 = (10 + 20 + 30 + x + 50)/5
150 = 110 + x
150 - 110 = x
x = 40
Hence, the value of x is 40