Class 10 RD Sharma Solution Chapter 7 Statistics Exercise 7.4 | Set 1 (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

In this article, we will explore the solutions to **Exercise 7.4 from Chapter 7 of RD Sharma's Class 10 Mathematics textbook which focuses on Statistics. This chapter is crucial as it lays the foundation for understanding how data is collected, organized, analyzed, and interpreted in the various fields. The problems in this exercise are designed to help students gain a deeper understanding of the statistical concepts and their applications.

Statistics

Statistics is the branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data. It helps in making informed decisions by identifying patterns, trends, and relationships within the data. Understanding statistics is essential for solving real-world problems and making data-driven decisions.

**Question 1. Following are the lives in hours of 15 pieces of the components of aircraft engine. Find the median:

**715, 724, 725, 710, 729, 745, 694, 699, 696, 712, 734, 728, 716, 705, 719.

**Solution:

On arranging the observations in ascending order, we have

694, 696, 699, 705, 710, 712, 715, 716, 719, 721, 725, 728, 729, 734, 745

Number of terms in the observation sequence is odd, i.e., N = 15

Now,

Median = (N + 1)/2th term

= (15 + 1)/2th term

= 8th term

Therefore, 716, which is the 8th term is the median of the data.

**Question 2. The following is the distribution of height of students of a certain class in a certain city:

**Find the median height.

**Solution:

Class interval (exclusive)	Class interval (inclusive)	Class interval frequency	Cumulative frequency
160 – 162	159.5 – 162.5	15	15
163 – 165	162.5 – 165.5	118	133(F)
166 – 168	165.5 – 168.5	142(f)	275
169 – 171	168.5 – 171.5	127	402
172 – 174	171.5 – 174.5	18	420
		N =420

We have N = 420,

So, N/2 = 420/ 2 = 210

Now, The cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 275

Therefore, 165.5 – 168.5 is the median class s.t

L = 165.5, f = 142, F = 133 and h = (168.5 – 165.5) = 3

Median = L + \frac{\frac{N}{2} - F}{f} * h \\ = 165.5 + \frac{210 - 133}{142} * 3 \\ = 165.5 + \frac{231}{142}

= 165.5 + 1.63

= 167.13

**Question 3. Following is the distribution of I.Q of 100 students. Find the median I.Q.

**Solution:

Class interval (exclusive)	Class interval (inclusive)	Class interval frequency	Cumulative frequency
55 – 64	54.5 – 64.5	1	1
65 – 74	64.5 – 74.5	2	3
75 – 84	74.5 – 84.5	9	12
85 – 94	84.5 – 94.5	22	34(F)
95 – 104	94.5 – 104.5	33(f)	67
105 – 114	104.5 – 114.5	22	89
115 – 124	114.5 – 124.5	8	97
125 – 134	124.5 – 134.5	2	98
135 – 144	134.5 – 144.5	1	100
		N = 100

N = 100,

Therefore, N/2 = 100/ 2 = 50

The cumulative frequency just greater than N/ 2 is 67 then the median class is (94.5 – 104.5) s.t,

L = 94.5, F = 33, h = (104.5 – 94.5) = 10

Median = L + \frac{\frac{N}{2} - F}{f} * h \\ = 94.5 + \frac{50 - 34}{33} * 10

= 94.5 + 4.85

= 99.35

**Question 4. Calculate the median from the following data:

**Solution:

**Class interval	**Frequency	**Cumulative frequency
15 – 25	8	8
25 – 35	10	18
35 – 45	15	33
45 – 55	25	58 (F)
55 – 65	40(f)	98
65 – 75	20	118
75 – 85	15	133
85 – 95	7	140
	N = 140

N = 140,

And, N/2 = 140/ 2 = 70

The cumulative frequency just greater than N/ 2 is 98 then median class is 55 – 65 s.t,

L = 55, f = 40, F = 58, h = 65 – 55 = 10

Median = L + \frac{\frac{N}{2} - F}{f} * h \\ = 55 + \frac{70 - 58}{40} * 10 \\ = 58

**Question 5. Calculate the median from the following data:

**Solution:

Marks below	No. of students	Class interval	Frequency	Cumulative frequency
10	15	0-10	15	15
20	35	10-20	20	35
30	60	20-30	25	60
40	84	30-40	24	84
50	96	40-50	12	96(F)
60	127	50-60	31(f)	127
70	198	60-70	71	198
80	250	70-80	52	250
			N = 250

N = 250,

And, N/2 = 250/ 2 = 125

The cumulative frequency just greater than N/ 2 is 127 then median class is 50 – 60 s.t,

L = 50, f = 31, F = 96, h = 60 -50 = 10

Median = L + \frac{\frac{N}{2} - F}{f} * h \\ = 50 + \frac{125 - 96}{31} * 10 \\ = 59.35

**Question 6. Calculate the missing frequency from the following distribution, it being given that the median of the distribution is 24.

**Solution:

Let us assume the unknown frequency to be x.

Class interval	Frequency	Cumulative frequency
0 – 10	5	5
10-20	25	30 (F)
20-30	x(f)	30 + x
30-40	18	48 + x
40-50	7	55 + x
	N=170

Given: Median = 24

Therefore,

Median class = 20 – 30; L = 20, h = 30 -20 = 10, f = x, F = 30

Median = L + \frac{\frac{N}{2} - F}{f} * h \\24 = 20 + \frac{\frac{55+x}{2} - 30}{x} * 10 \\4 = \frac{\frac{55+x}{2} - 30}{x} * 10 \\ 4x = (\frac{55+x}{2} - 30) * 10

4x = 275 + 5x – 300

4x – 5x = – 25

– x = – 25

x = 25

Therefore, x = 25

**Question 7. The following table gives the frequency distribution of married women by age at marriage.

**Calculate the median and interpret the results.

**Solution:

**Class interval (exclusive)	Class interval (inclusive)	**Frequency	**Cumulative frequency
15 – 19	14.5 – 19.5	53	53(F)
20 – 24	19.5 – 24.5	140(f)	193
25 – 29	24.5 – 29.5	98	291
30 – 34	29.5 – 34.5	32	323
35 – 39	34.5 – 39.5	12	335
40 – 44	39.5 – 44.5	9	344
45 – 49	44.5 – 49.5	5	349
50 – 54	49.5 – 54.5	3	352
55 – 54	54.5 – 59.5	3	355
60 and above	59.5 and above	2	357
		N =357

N = 357,

And, N/2 = 357/ 2 = 178.5

The cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 193,

Therefore, median class is 19.5 – 24.5 s.t

l = 19.5, f = 140, F = 53, h = 25.5 – 19.5 = 5

Median = L + \frac{\frac{N}{2} - F}{f} * h \\ = 19.5 + \frac{178.5 - 53}{140} * 5

Median = 23.98, that implies that nearly half of the women are married between the ages of 15 and 25.

**Question 8. The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps:

**Find the median life.

**Solution:

**Life time	**Number of lamps fi	**Cumulative frequency (cf)
1500 – 2000	14	14
2000 – 2500	56	70
2500 – 3000	60	130(F)
3000 – 3500	86	216
3500 – 4000	74	290
4000 – 4500	62	352
4500 – 5000	48	400
	N = 400

Now

N = 400

And the cumulative frequency just greater than n/2 (= 200) is 216, which belongs to the class interval 3000 – 3500

Median class = 3000 – 3500. Therefore,

(l) = 3000 and,(f) of median class = 86, (cf) of class preceding median class = 130 and (h) = 500

We have,

Median = l+ \frac{\frac{n}{2} - cf}{f} * h \\ = 3000 + \frac{200 - 130}{86} * 500

= 3000 + (35000/86)

= 3406.98 hrs, which is the median time of lamps.

**Question 9. The distribution below gives the weight of 30 students in a class. Find the median weight of students:

**Solution:

Weight (in kg)	Number of students fi	Cumulative frequency (cf)
40 – 45	2	2
45-50	3	5
50-55	8	13
55-60	6	19
60-65	6	25
65-70	3	28
70-75	2	30

The cf value just greater than n/ 2 (i.e. 30/ 2 = 15) is 19, belongs to class interval 55 – 60.

Therefore,

Median class = 55 – 60

where,

(l) of median class = 55, (f) of median class = 6, (cf) = 13 and (h) = 5

We have,

Median = l+ \frac{\frac{n}{2} - cf}{f} * h \\ = 55 + \frac{15 - 13}{6} * 5

= 55 + 10/6 = 56.666 which is approximately 56.67 kg.

**Question 10. Find the missing frequencies and the median for the following distribution if the mean is 1.46

**Solution:

**No. of accidents (x)	No. of days (f)	fx
0	46	0
1	x	x
2	y	2y
3	25	75
4	10	40
5	5	25
	N = 200	Sum = x + 2y + 140

Since, we know,

N = 200

Substituting values, we get,

⇒ 46 + x + y + 25 + 10 + 5 = 200

⇒ x + y = 200 – 46 – 25 – 10 – 5

⇒ x + y = 114...... (i)

Also, Mean = 1.46

⇒ Sum/ N = 1.46

Substituting values,

⇒ (x + 2y + 140)/ 200 = 1.46

⇒ x + 2y = 292 – 140

⇒ x + 2y = 152 .......(ii)

Solving from (i) and (ii), we get

x + 2y – x – y = 152 – 114

⇒ y = 38

And, x = 114 – 38 = 76 (from equation (i))

Now, putting the values, we get,

N = 200 N/2 = 200/2 = 100

So, the cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 122

And, therefore, the median is 1.

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• Statistics in Maths