Class 12 RD Sharma Solutions Chapter 22 Differential Equations Exercise 22.4 (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 30 Aug, 2024

Question 1. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: x(dy/dx) = 1, y(1) = 0

Function: y = logx

**Solution:

We have,

y = logx -(1)

On differentiating eq(1) w.r.t x,

dy/dx = (1/x)

x(dy/dx) = 1

Thus, y = logx satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 1, y = log(1) = 0

So, y(1) = 0

Question 2. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: (dy/dx) = y, y(0) = 0

Function: y = ex

**Solution:

We have,

y = ex -(1)

On differentiating eq(1) w.r.t x

dy/dx = ex

(dy/dx) = y

Thus, y = ex satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y = e0 = 1

So, y(0) = 1

Question 3. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: (d2y/dx2) + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y'(0) = 1

Function: y = sinx

**Solution:

We have,

y = sinx -(1)

On differentiating eq(1) w.r.t x,

(dy/dx) = cosx -(2)

Again, differentiating eq(2) w.r.t x,

d2y/dx2 = -sinx

d2y/dx2 + sinx = 0

Thus, y = sinx satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y(0) = sin(0) = 0

y'(0) = cos(0) = 1

Question 4. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: d2y/dx2 - (dy/dx) = 0, y(0) = 2, y'(0) = 1

Function: y = ex + 1

**Solution:

We have,

y = ex + 1 -(1)

On differentiating eq(1) w.r.t x,

(dy/dx) = ex -(2)

Again differentiating eq(2) w.r.t x,

d2y/dx2 = ex

d2y/dx2 - ex = 0

d2y/dx2 - (dy/dx) = 0

Thus, y = ex + 1 satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y(0) = e0 + 1, y(0) = 1 + 1 = 2

y'(0) = e0 = 1

Question 5. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: (dy/dx) + y = 2

Function: y = e-x + 2

**Solution:

We have,

y = e-x + 2 -(1)

On differentiating eq(i) w.r.t x,

(dy/dx) = -e-x

(dy/dx) + e-x = 0

(dy/dx) + (y - 2) = 0

(dy/dx) + y = 2

Thus, y = e-x + 2 satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y(0) = e-0 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3

Question 6. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: (d2y/dx2) + y = 0, y(0) = 1, y'(0) = 1

Function: y = sinx + cosx

**Solution:

We have,

y = sinx + cosx -(1)

On differentiating eq(i) w.r.t x,

dy/dx = cosx - sinx -(2)

Again differentiating eq(ii) w.r.t x,

d2y/dx2 = -sinx - cosx

d2y/dx2 = -(sinx + cosx)

(d2y/dx2) + y = 0

Thus, y = sinx + cosx satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y(0) = sin0 + cos0 = 1

y'(0) = cos0 - sin0 = 1

Question 7. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: (d2y/dx2) - y = 0, y(0) = 2, y'(0) = 0

Function: y = ex + e-x

**Solution:

We have,

y = ex + e-x -(1)

On differentiating eq(i) w.r.t x,

dy/dx = ex - e-x -(2)

Again differentiating eq(2) w.r.t x,

d2y/dx2 = ex + e-x

d2y/dx2 = y

d2y/dx2 - y = 0

Thus, y = ex + e-x satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y(0) = e0 + e-0 = 1 + 1 = 2

y'(0) = e0 - e-0 = 0

Question 8. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: (d2y/dx2) - 3(dy/dx) + 2y = 0, y(0) = 2, y'(0) = 3

Function: y = ex + e2x

**Solution:

We have,

y = ex + e2x -(1)

On differentiating eq(1) w.r.t x,

dy/dx = ex + 2e2x -(2)

Again differentiating equation(2) w.r.t x,

d2y/dx2 = ex + 4e2x

d2y/dx2 = 3(ex + 2e2x) - 2(ex + e2x)

(d2y/dx2) = 3(dy/dx) - 2y

(d2y/dx2) - 3(dy/dx) + 2y = 0

Thus, y = ex + e2x satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y(0) = e0 + e0 = 1 + 1 = 2

y'(0) = e0 + 2e0 = 1 + 2 = 3

Question 9. For each of the following initial value problems verify that the accompanying function is a solution: (d2y/dx2) - 2(dy/dx) + y = 0, y(0) = 1, y'(0) = 2

Function: y = xex + ex

**Solution:

We have,

y = xex + ex -(1)

On differentiating eq(1) w.r.t x,

dy/dx = xex + ex + ex

dy/dx = xex + 2ex -(2)

Again differentiating eq(2) w.r.t x,

d2y/dx2 = xex + ex + 2ex

d2y/dx2 = xex + ex + 2ex + xex + ex - xex - ex

d2y/dx2 = 2(xex + ex) - (xex + ex)

(d2y/dx2) = 2(dy/dx) - y

(d2y/dx2) - 2(dy/dx) + y = 0

Thus, y = xex + ex satisfy the given differential equation.

If x = 0, y(0) = 0e0 + e0 = 1

y'(0) = 0e0 + 2e0 = 2

Summary

Exercise 22.4 in RD Sharma's Class 12 mathematics textbook typically focuses on: