Class 12 RD Sharma Mathematics Solutions Chapter 29 The Plane Exercise 29.3 | Set 2 (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

Chapter 29 of RD Sharma's Class 12 mathematics textbook delves into the study of planes in three-dimensional space. Exercise 29.3 focuses on advanced problems related to planes, including finding equations of planes under specific conditions, determining distances between planes and points, and analyzing the relationships between multiple planes. This set of solutions (Set 2) continues to build on the concepts introduced in the chapter and previous exercises.

**General equation of a plane: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0

**Distance formula between a point and a plane: |Ax₀ + By₀ + Cz₀ + D| / √(A² + B² + C²)

**Angle between two planes: cos θ = |A₁A₂ + B₁B₂ + C₁C₂| / √((A₁² + B₁² + C₁²)(A₂² + B₂² + C₂²))

**Condition for parallel planes: A₁/A₂ = B₁/B₂ = C₁/C₂

**Condition for perpendicular planes: A₁A₂ + B₁B₂ + C₁C₂ = 0

Class 12 RD Sharma Mathematics Solutions - Exercise 29.3 | Set 2

Question 11. A plane passes through the point (1, -2, 5) and is perpendicular to the line joining the origin to the point (3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k} ). Find the vector and cartesian forms of the equation of the plane.

**Solution:

As we know that the vector equation of a plane passing through a point \vec{a} and normal to \vec{n} is

(\vec{r}-\vec{a}).\vec{n}=0 ....(i)

Here, \vec{a}=\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+5\hat{k}

\vec{n}=\overrightarrow{OP}

\overrightarrow{OP} = Position vector of P - Position of vector of O

= (3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})-(0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k})

\vec{n}=(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})

Now, put, all these values in equation (i), we get,

[\vec{r}-(\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+5\hat{k})](3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}.(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})-(\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+5\hat{k})(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}.(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})-[(1)(3)+(-2)(1)+(5)(-1)]=0

\vec{r}.(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})-[3-2-5]=0

\vec{r}.(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})-[-4]=0

\vec{r}.(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})=-4 ....(2)

Now put \vec{r}=x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k} in eq(2), we get

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k}).(3\hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k})=-4

(x)(3) + (y)(1) + (z)(−1) = -4

3x + y − z = -4

_So, this is the required equation of plane.

Question 12. Find the equation of the plane that bisects the line segment joining points (1, 2, 3) and (3, 4, 5) and is at right angle to it.

**Solution:

As we know that the vector equation of a plane passing through a point \vec{a} and normal to \vec{n} is

(\vec{r}-\vec{a}).\vec{n}=0 .....(i)

Here, \vec{a} = mid-point of AB

So, \vec{n}=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}}{2}

= Position vector of A + Position of vector of B/ 2

= \frac{\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k}+3\hat{i}+4\hat{j}+5\hat{k}}{2}

= \vec{a}=\frac{4\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+8\hat{k}}{2}

\vec{a}=2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}+4\hat{k}

And, \vec{n}=\overrightarrow{AB}

\overrightarrow{AB} = Position vector of B - Position of vector of A

= (3\hat{i}+4\hat{j}+5\hat{k})-(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})

= 3\hat{i}+4\hat{j}+5\hat{k}-\hat{i}-2\hat{j}-3\hat{k}

\vec{n}=2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k}

Now put all these values in eq(1), we get

\vec{r}-(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}+4\hat{k})(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})-[(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}+4\hat{k})(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})]=0

\vec{r}(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})-[(2)(2)+(3)(2)+(4)(2)]=0

\vec{r}(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})-[4+6+8]=0

\vec{r}(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=18 .....(2)

Now put \vec{r}=x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k} in eq(2), we get

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k}).(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=18

(x)(2) + (y)(2) + (z)(2) = 18

2x + 2y + 2z = 18

or we can write as

x + y + z = 9

So, this is the required equation of plane.

Question 13. Show that the normal to the following pairs of planes are perpendicular to each other:

(i) x - y + z - 2 = 0 and 3x + 2y - z + 4 = 0

**Solution:

Given equations of planes are

x - y + z - 2 = 0 and 3x + 2y - z + 4 = 0

So first we solve, x - y + z - 2 = 0

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k})(\hat{i}-\hat{j}+\hat{k})=2

\vec{r}.\vec{n_1} =2 .....(i)

Now we solve, 3x + 2y - z =- 4

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k})(3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-\hat{k})=-4

\vec{r} (3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-\hat{k})=-4

\vec{r}.\vec{n_2} =-4 ...(ii)

So, from eq(i) and (ii), we conclude that

\vec{n_1} is normal to eq(i) and \vec{n_2} is normal to eq(ii)

So,

\vec{n_1}\vec{n_2} =(\hat{i}-\hat{j}+\hat{k}).(3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-\hat{k})

= (1)(3) + (-1)(2) + (1)(-1)

=3 - 2 - 1

= 3 - 3 = 0

Hence,\vec{n_1} is perpendicular to \vec{n_2}.

(ii) \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=5 and \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-2\hat{j}-2\hat{k})=5

**Solution:

Given equations of planes are

\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=5 and \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-2\hat{j}-2\hat{k})=5

So first we solve, \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=5

\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=5

\vec{r}.\vec{n_1} =5 .....(1)

Now we solve, \vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-2\hat{j}-2\hat{k})=5

\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}-2\hat{j}-2\hat{k})=5

\vec{r}.\vec{n_2} =5 ......(2)

So, from eq(i) and (ii), we conclude that

\vec{n_1} is normal to eq(i) and \vec{n_2} is normal to eq(ii)

So,

\vec{n_1}.\vec{n_2} = (2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3\hat{k})(2\hat{i}-2\hat{j}-2\hat{k})

= (2)(2) + (-1)(-2) + (3)(-2)

= 4 + 2 - 6

= 6 - 6

= 0

Hence,\vec{n_1} is perpendicular to \vec{n_2}.

Question 14. Show that the normal vector to the plane 2x + 2y + 2z = 3 is equally inclined with the coordinate axes.

**Solution:

Equation of plane = 2x + 2y + 2z = 3

So,

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k})(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=3

\vec{r}.(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=3

\vec{r}.\vec{n} =d

So, the normal to the plane \vec{n}=(2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+2\hat{k})

and the direction ratio of \vec{n} = 2,2,2

So, the direction cosine of \vec{n} = \frac{2}{|\vec{n}|} ,\frac{2}{|\vec{n}|},\frac{2}{|\vec{n}|} ....(1)

|\vec{n}| = √[(2)2 + (2)2 + (2)2]

= √[4 + 4 + 4]

= √12 = 2√3

Now put the value of |\vec{n}| in eq(1), we get

Direction cosine of |\vec{n}| = \frac{2}{2√3},\frac{2}{2√3},\frac{2}{2√3}

= \frac{1}{√3}, \frac{1}{√3}, \frac{1}{√3}

So, u = 1/√3, v = 1/√3, W = 1/√3

Let us assume that the α, β, γ be the angle that normal \vec{n} makes with the coordinate axes.

So, u = cos α = 1/√3

α = cos-11/√3 ....(2)

v = cos β = 1/√3

β = cos-11/√3 ....(3)

w = cos γ = 1/√3

γ = cos-11/√3 ....(4)

So, from equation (2), (3) and (4), we get

α = β = γ

Hence proved that the normal vector to the plane 2x + 2y + 2z = 3 is equally inclined with the coordinate axes.

Question 15. Find a vector of magnitude 26 units normal to the plane 12x - 3y + 4y = 1.

**Solution:

Given that,

The equation of plane is = 12x - 3y + 4y = 1

and the magnitude = 26 units

So,

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k})(12\hat{i}-3\hat{j}+4\hat{k})=1

\vec{r}.\vec{n} =1

The normal to the plane is

\vec{n}=(12\hat{i}-3\hat{j}+4\hat{k})

|\vec{n}| = √[(12)2 + (-3)2 + (4)2]

= √[144 + 9 + 16]

= √169 = 13

Hence, the unit vector \hat{n} = (12\hat{i}-3\hat{j}+4\hat{k})/13

=\frac{12}{13}\hat{i}-\frac{3}{13}\hat{j}+\frac{4}{13}\hat{k}

Now we find a vector normal to the plane with magnitude

So,

26 = 26 \vec{n}

= 26 (\frac{12}{13}\hat{i}-\frac{3}{13}\hat{j}+\frac{4}{13}\hat{k})

= 24\hat{i}-6\hat{j}+8\hat{k}

So, this is the required vector

Question 16. If the line drawn from (4, -1, 2) meets a plane at right angles at the point (-10, 5, 4), find the equation of the plane.

**Solution:

As we know that the vector equation of a plane passing through a point \vec{a} and normal to \vec{n} is

(\vec{r}-\vec{a}).\vec{n} .....(i)

Here, \vec{a} = position vector of B

So, \vec{a}=(-10\hat{i}+5\hat{j}+4\hat{k})

and \vec{n}=\overrightarrow{AB}

\overrightarrow{AB} = Position vector of B - Position of vector of A

= (-10\hat{i}+5\hat{j}+4\hat{k})-(4\hat{i}-\hat{j}+2\hat{k})

= -10\hat{i}+5\hat{j}+4\hat{k}-4\hat{i}+\hat{j}-2\hat{k}

\vec{n} = -14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k}

Now put all these values in eq(1), we get

[\vec{r}-(-10\hat{i}+5\hat{j}+4\hat{k})].(-14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(-14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k})-(-10\hat{i}+5\hat{j}+4\hat{k})(-14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(-14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k})-[(-10)(-14)+(5)(6)+(4)(2)]=0

\vec{r}(-14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k})-[140+30+8]=0

\vec{r}(-14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=178 .....(2)

Now put \vec{r}=x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k} in eq(2), we get

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k}).(-14\hat{i}+6\hat{j}+2\hat{k})=178

(x)(-14) + (y)(6) + (z)(2) = 178

-14x + 6y + 3z = 178

Or we can write as

7x - 2y - z = -89

So, this is the required equation of plane.

Question 17. Find the equation of the plane which bisects the line segment joining the points (-1, 2, 3) and (3, -5, 6) at right angles.

**Solution:

Let assume that point (-1, 2, 3) is A point and point (3, -5, 6) is B point and C be the line mid-point of line segment AB

As we know that the vector equation of a plane passing through a point \vec{a} and normal to \vec{n} is

(\vec{r}-\vec{a}).\vec{n}=0 ...(i)

Here, \vec{a} = Position vector of C

So, \vec{a}=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}}{2} [Because c is the mid point of line AB]

\vec{a}=\frac{-\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k}+3\hat{i}-5\hat{k}+6\hat{k}}{2}

=\frac{2\hat{i}}{2}-\frac{3\hat{j}}{2}+\frac{9\hat{k}}{2}

\vec{a}=\hat{i}-\frac{3}{2}\hat{j}+\frac{9}{2}\hat{k}

Now, \vec{n}=\overrightarrow{AB}

\overrightarrow{AB} = Position vector of B- Position vector of A

=(3\hat{i}-5\hat{j}+6\hat{k})-(-\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k})

= 3\hat{i}-5\hat{j}+6\hat{k}+\hat{i}-2\hat{j}-3\hat{k}

= 4\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k}

\vec{n}=4\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k}

Now put all these values in eq(1), we get

[\vec{r}-(\hat{i}-\frac{3}{2}\hat{j}+\frac{9}{2}\hat{k})](4\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(4\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k})-(\hat{i}-\frac{3}{2}\hat{j}+\frac{9}{2}\hat{k})(4\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(4\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k}) = 28 ....(2)

Now put \vec{r}=x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k} in eq(2), we get

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k}).(4\hat{i}-7\hat{j}+3\hat{k})= 28

(x)(4) + (y)(-7) + (z)(3) = 28

4x - 7y + 3z = 28

So, this is the required equation of plane.

Question 18. Find the vector and cartesian equations of the plane which passes through the point (5, 2, -4) and perpendicular to the line with direction ratios 2, 3, -1.

**Solution:

According to the given question

\vec{a}=5\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-4\hat{k}

\vec{n}=2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k}

As we know that the vector equation of a plane passing through a point \vec{a} and normal to \vec{n} is

(\vec{r}-\vec{a}).\vec{n}=0

So,

[\vec{r}-(5\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-4\hat{k})].(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})-(5\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-4\hat{k}).(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})-10-6-4=0

\vec{r}(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})=20 ....(1)

For cartesian equation:

Put \vec{r}=x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k} in eq(1), we get

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k}).(2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}-\hat{k})=20

(x)(2) + (y)(3) + (z)(-1) = 20

2x + 3y -z = 20

So, this is the required equation of plane.

Question 19. If O be the origin and the coordinates of P be (1, 2, -3), then find the equation of the plane passing through P and perpendicular to OP.

**Solution:

According to the question, a normal pass through point O(0, 0, 0) and P (1, 2, -3)

So, \vec{n}=\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k}

and \vec{a}=\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k}

As we know that the vector equation of a plane passing through a point \vec{a} and normal to \vec{n} is

(\vec{r}-\vec{a}).\vec{n}=0

So,

[\vec{r}-(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})].(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})-(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})=0

\vec{r}(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})-1-4-9=0

\vec{r}(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})=14

For cartesian equation:

Put \vec{r}=x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k} in eq(1), we get

(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k}).(\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-3\hat{k})=14

(x)(1) + (y)(2) + (z)(-3) = 14

x + 2y - 3z = 14

So, this is the required equation of plane.

Question 20. If O is the origin and the coordinates of A are (a, b, c). Find the direction cosines of OA and the equation of the plane through A at right angles to OA.

**Solution:

According to the question it is given that, O is the origin and the coordinates of A are (a, b, c)

So, \overrightarrow{OA}=a\hat{i}+b\hat{j}+c\hat{k}

Since, the direction ratios of OA are proportional to a, b, c

So, the direction cosines are:

\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}},\frac{b}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}},\frac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}

So the equation of the line is,

[(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k})-(a\hat{i}+b\hat{j}+c\hat{k})].(a\hat{i}+b\hat{j}+c\hat{k})=0

ax + by + cz = a2 + b2 + c2

Practice Questions:

**Question 1. Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1), and (3, 1, 2).

**Question 2. Determine the equation of the plane passing through the point (2, -1, 3) and perpendicular to the vector <1, 2, -1>.

**Question 3. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, -1, 2) and parallel to the plane 2x - y + 3z = 4.

**Question 4. Write the equation of the plane passing through the point (0, 1, -1) and containing the line x = 2t, y = 3t - 1, z = t + 2.

**Question 5. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and perpendicular to the planes x + 2y + 3z = 4 and 2x - y + z = 5.

**Question 6. Determine the equation of the plane passing through the points (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), and (0, 0, 1).

**Question 7. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (2, 3, -1) and parallel to the vectors <1, -1, 2> and <2, 1, 1>.

**Question 8. Write the equation of the plane that is perpendicular to the line x = 1 + 2t, y = 2 - t, z = 3 + t and passes through the point (1, 2, 3).

**Question 9. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, -1, 2) and containing the line of intersection of the planes x + y + z = 1 and x - y + z = 3.

**Question 10. Determine the equation of the plane passing through the point (3, -2, 1) and making equal intercepts on the coordinate axes.

**Also Read,

Conclusion

Exercise 29.3 | Set 2 of RD Sharma's Class 12 Chapter 29 presents a series of advanced problems that test students' understanding of planes in three-dimensional space. These solutions demonstrate various techniques for working with planes, including finding equations of planes under specific conditions, determining the foot of perpendiculars, and solving problems involving multiple planes. By mastering these concepts, students develop a strong foundation in analytical geometry, which is crucial for further studies in mathematics and related fields. The problems in this set emphasize the importance of spatial reasoning and the application of vector algebra in solving complex geometric scenarios.