Class 12 RD Sharma Solutions Chapter 6 Determinants Exercise 6.2 | Set 2 (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 21 Aug, 2024

Prove the following identities:

Question 18. \begin{vmatrix}(a+1)(a+2) & a+2 & 1 \\ (a+2)(a+3) & a+3 & 1 \\ (a+3)(a+4) & a+4 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = -2

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}(a+1)(a+2) & a+2 & 1 \\ (a+2)(a+3) & a+3 & 1 \\ (a+3)(a+4) & a+4 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R2

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}(a+1)(a+2) & a+2 & 1 \\ (a+2)(a+3)-(a+1)(a+2) & a+3-(a+2) & 0 \\ (a+3)(a+4)-(a+2)(a+3) & a+4-(a+3) & 0 \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = \begin{vmatrix}(a+1)(a+2) & a+2 & 1 \\ (a+2)[a+3-a-1] & a+3-a-2 & 0 \\ (a+3)[a+4-a-2] & a+4-a-3 & 0 \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = \begin{vmatrix}(a+1)(a+2) & a+2 & 1 \\ 2(a+2) & 1 & 0 \\ 2(a+3) & 1 & 0 \end{vmatrix}

△ = 1[2(a + 2) - 2(a + 3)]

△ = (4a + 4 - (4a + 6))

△ = (4a + 4 - 4a - 6)

**△ = -2

Hence proved

Question 19. \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & a^2-(b-c)^2 & bc \\ b^2 & b^2-(c-a)^2 & ca \\ c^2 & c^2-(a-b)^2 & ab \end{vmatrix} = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2)

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & a^2-(b-c)^2 & bc \\ b^2 & b^2-(c-a)^2 & ca \\ c^2 & c^2-(a-b)^2 & ab \end{vmatrix}

C2⇢C2 - 2C1 - 2C3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & a^2-(b-c)^2-2a^2-2bc & bc \\ b^2 & b^2-(c-a)^2-b^2-2ca & ca \\ c^2 & c^2-(a-b)^2-c^2-2ab & ab \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & -a^2-b^2-c^2 & bc \\ b^2 & -a^2-b^2-c^2 & ca \\ c^2 & -a^2-b^2-c^2 & ab \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & -(a^2+b^2+c^2) & bc \\ b^2 & -(a^2+b^2+c^2) & ca \\ c^2 & -(a^2+b^2+c^2) & ab \end{vmatrix}

Taking -(a2 + b2 + c2) common from C2, we get

\triangle = -(a^2+b^2+c^2)\begin{vmatrix}a^2 & 1 & bc \\ b^2 & 1 & ca \\ c^2 & 1 & ab \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = -(a^2+b^2+c^2)\begin{vmatrix}a^2 & 1 & bc \\ b^2-a^2 & 0 & ca-bc \\ c^2-a^2 & 0 & ab-bc \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = -(a^2+b^2+c^2)\begin{vmatrix}a^2 & 1 & bc \\ (b-a)(b+a) & 0 & -c(b-a) \\ (c-a)(c+a) & 0 & -b(c-a) \end{vmatrix}

Taking (b - a) and (c - a) common from R1 and R2, we get

\triangle = -(a^2+b^2+c^2)(b-a)(c-a)\begin{vmatrix}a^2 & 1 & bc \\ b+a & 0 & -c \\ c+a & 0 & -b \end{vmatrix}

△ = -(a2 + b2 + c2)(b - a)(c - a)[1((-b)(b + a) - (c + a)(-c))]

△ = (a2 + b2 + c2)(a - b)(c - a)[(-b)(b + a) + (c + a)c]

△ = (a2 + b2 + c2)(a - b)(c - a)[-b2 - ab + ac + c2]

△ = (a2 + b2 + c2)(a - b)(c - a)[c2 - b2 + a(c - b)]

△ = (a2 + b2 + c2)(a - b)(c - a)[(c - b)(c + b) + a(c - b)]

△ = (a2 + b2 + c2)(a - b)(c - a)(c - b)[c + b + a]

**△ = (a 2 **+ b 2 **+ c 2 )(a + b + c)(a - b)(b - c)(c - a)

Hence proved

Question 20. \begin{vmatrix}1 & a^2+bc & a^3 \\ 1 & b^2+ca & b^3 \\ 1 & c^2+ab & c^3 \end{vmatrix} = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a2 + b2 + c2)

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & a^2+bc & a^3 \\ 1 & b^2+ca & b^3 \\ 1 & c^2+ab & c^3 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & a^2+bc & a^3 \\ 0 & b^2+ca-a^2-bc & b^3-a^3 \\ 0 & c^2+ab-a^2-bc & c^3-a^3 \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & a^2+bc & a^3 \\ 0 & b^2-a^2-c(b-a) & b^3-a^3 \\ 0 & c^2-a^2-b(c-a) & c^3-a^3 \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & a^2+bc & a^3 \\ 0 & (b-a)(b+a-c) & (b-a)(b^2+ba+a^2) \\ 0 & (c-a)(c+a-b) & (c-a)(c^2+ac+c^2) \end{vmatrix}

Taking (b - a) and (c - a) common from R2 and R3 respectively, we get

\triangle = (b-a)(c-a)\begin{vmatrix}1 & a^2+bc & a^3 \\ 0 & b+a-c & b^2+ba+a^2 \\ 0 & c+a-b & c^2+ac+c^2 \end{vmatrix}

△ = (b - a)(c - a)[1((b + a - c)(c2 + a2 + ac) - (c + a - b)(b2 + a2 + ab))]

△ = (b - a)(c - a)(b - c)(a + b + c)

**△ = -(a - b)(c - a)(b - c)(a + b + c)

Hence proved

Question 21. \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & bc & ac+c^2 \\ a^2+ab & b^2 & ac \\ ab & b^2+bc & c^2 \end{vmatrix} = 4a2b2c2

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & bc & ac+c^2 \\ a^2+ab & b^2 & ac \\ ab & b^2+bc & c^2 \end{vmatrix}

Taking a, b and c common from C1, C2 and C3 we get

\triangle = (abc)\begin{vmatrix}a & c & a+c \\ a+b & b & a \\ b & b+c & c \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 + C2 + C3

\triangle = (abc)\begin{vmatrix}2a+2c & c & a+c \\ 2a+2b & b & a \\ 2b+2c & b+c & c \end{vmatrix}

Taking 2 common from C1, we get

\triangle = 2abc\begin{vmatrix}a+c & c & a+c \\ a+b & b & a \\ b+c & b+c & c \end{vmatrix}

C2⇢C2 - C1 and C3⇢C3 - C1

\triangle = 2abc\begin{vmatrix}a+c & c-(a+c) & a+c-(a+c) \\ a+b & b-(a+b) & a-(a+b) \\ b+c & b+c-(b+c) & c-(b+c) \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = 2abc\begin{vmatrix}a+c & -a & 0 \\ a+b & -a & -b \\ b+c & 0 & -b \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 + C2 + C3

\triangle = 2abc\begin{vmatrix}a+c+(-a)+0 & -a & 0 \\ a+b+(-a)+(-b) & -a & -b \\ b+c+0+(-b) & 0 & -b \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = 2abc\begin{vmatrix}c & -a & 0 \\ 0 & -a & -b \\ c & 0 & -b \end{vmatrix}

Taking c, a and b common from C1, C2 and C3 we get

\triangle = 2abc(abc)\begin{vmatrix}1 & -1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 & -1 \end{vmatrix}

R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = 2a^2b^2c^2\begin{vmatrix}1 & -1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \end{vmatrix}

△ = 2a2b2c2[1((-1)(-1) - (-1)(1))]

△ = 2a2b2c2[1 - (-1)]

△ = 2a2b2c2[1 + 1]

**△ = 4a 2 b 2 c 2

Hence proved

Question 22. \begin{vmatrix}x+4 & x & x \\ x & x+4 & x \\ x & x & x+4 \end{vmatrix} = 16(3x + 4)

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}x+4 & x & x \\ x & x+4 & x \\ x & x & x+4 \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 + C2 + C3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}3x+4 & x & x \\ 3x+4 & x+4 & x \\ 3x+4 & x & x+4 \end{vmatrix}

Taking (3x + 4) common from C1, we get

\triangle = (3x+4)\begin{vmatrix}1 & x & x \\ 1 & x+4 & x \\ 1 & x & x+4 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = (3x+4)\begin{vmatrix}1 & x & x \\ 0 & x+4-x & x-x \\ 0 & x-(x+4) & x+4-x \end{vmatrix}\\ \triangle = (3x+4)\begin{vmatrix}1 & x & x \\ 0 & 4 & 0 \\ 0 & -4 & 4 \end{vmatrix}

△ = (3x + 4)[1((4)(4) - (-4)(0))]

△ = (3x + 4)[16 - 0]

**△ = 16(3x + 4)

Hence proved

Question 23. \begin{vmatrix}1 & 1+p & 1+p+q \\ 2 & 3+2p & 4+3p+2q \\ 3 & 6+3p & 10+6p+3q \end{vmatrix} = 1

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & 1+p & 1+p+q \\ 2 & 3+2p & 4+3p+2q \\ 3 & 6+3p & 10+6p+3q \end{vmatrix}

C2⇢C2 - pC1 and C3⇢C3 - qC1

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & 1 & 1+p \\ 2 & 3 & 4+3p \\ 3 & 6 & 10+6p \end{vmatrix}

C3⇢C3 - pC2

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 3 & 4 \\ 3 & 6 & 10 \end{vmatrix}

C2⇢C2 - C1 and C3⇢C3 - C2

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \\ 3 & 3 & 4 \end{vmatrix}

△ = 1[(1)(4) - (1)(3)]

△ = [4 - 3]

**△ = 1

Hence proved

Question 24. \begin{vmatrix}a & b-c & c-b \\ a-c & b & c-a \\ a-b & b-a & c \end{vmatrix} = (a + b - c)(b + c - a)(c + a - b)

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a & b-c & c-b \\ a-c & b & c-a \\ a-b & b-a & c \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 - R2 - R3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}-a+b+c & -b-c+a & -c-b+a \\ a-c & b & c-a \\ a-b & b-a & c \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}-a+b+c & -(-a+b+c) & -(-a+b+c) \\ a-c & b & c-a \\ a-b & b-a & c \end{vmatrix}

Taking (-a+b+c) common from R1, we get

\triangle = (b+c-a)\begin{vmatrix}1 & -1 & -1 \\ a-c & b & c-a \\ a-b & b-a & c \end{vmatrix}

C2⇢C2 + C1 and C3⇢C3 + C1

\triangle = (b+c-a)\begin{vmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ a-c & b+a-c & c-a+a-c \\ a-b & b-a+a-b & c+a-b \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = (b+c-a)\begin{vmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ a-c & b+a-c & 0 \\ a-b & 0 & c+a-b \end{vmatrix}

△ = (b + c - a)[1((b + a - c)(c + a - b) - (0)(0))]

△ = (b + c - a)[(b + a - c)(c + a - b)]

**△ = (b + c - a)(b + a - c)(c + a - b)

Hence proved

Question 25. \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & 2ab& b^2 \\ b^2 & a^2 & 2ab \\ 2ab & b^2 & a^2 \end{vmatrix} = (a3 + b3)2

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2 & 2ab& b^2 \\ b^2 & a^2 & 2ab \\ 2ab & b^2 & a^2 \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 + C2 + C3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2+2ab+b^2 & 2ab& b^2 \\ b^2+a^2+2ab & a^2 & 2ab \\ 2ab+b^2+a^2 & b^2 & a^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}(a+b)^2 & 2ab& b^2 \\ (a+b)^2 & a^2 & 2ab \\ (a+b)^2 & b^2 & a^2 \end{vmatrix}

Taking (a + b)2 common from C1, we get

\triangle = (a+b)^2\begin{vmatrix}1 & 2ab& b^2 \\ 1 & a^2 & 2ab \\ 1 & b^2 & a^2 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = (a+b)^2\begin{vmatrix}1 & 2ab& b^2 \\ 0 & a^2-2ab & 2ab-b^2 \\ 0 & b^2-2ab & a^2-b^2 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R3

\triangle = (a+b)^2\begin{vmatrix}1 & 2ab& b^2 \\ 0 & a^2-2ab-(b^2-2ab) & 2ab-b^2-(a^2-b^2) \\ 0 & b^2-2ab & a^2-b^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = (a+b)^2\begin{vmatrix}1 & 2ab& b^2 \\ 0 & a^2-b^2 & 2ab-a^2 \\ 0 & b^2-2ab & a^2-b^2 \end{vmatrix}

△ = (a + b)2 [1((a2 - b2)(a2 - b2) - (b2 - 2ab)(2ab - a2))]

△ = (a + b)2 [(a2 - b2)2 + (b2 - 2ab)(a2 - 2ab)]

△ = (a + b)2 [(a2 + b2 - ab)2]

**△ = (a 3 **+ b 3 ) 2

Hence proved

Question 26. \begin{vmatrix}a^2+1 & ab & ac \\ ab & b^2+1 & bc \\ ca & cb & c^2+1 \end{vmatrix} = 1 + a2 + b2 + c2

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2+1 & ab & ac \\ ab & b^2+1 & bc \\ ca & cb & c^2+1 \end{vmatrix}

Multiplying a, b and c to R1, R2 and R3 we get

\triangle = \frac{1}{abc}\begin{vmatrix}a(a^2+1) & a^2b & a^2c \\ ab^2 & b(b^2+1) & b^2c \\ c^2a & c^2b & c(c^2+1) \end{vmatrix}

Taking a, b and c common from C1, C2 and C3 we get

\triangle = \frac{abc}{abc}\begin{vmatrix}a^2+1 & a^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & b^2+1 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & c^2+1 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2+1 & a^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & b^2+1 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & c^2+1 \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 + R2 + R3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a^2+b^2+c^2+1 & a^2+b^2+1+c^2 & a^2+b^2+c^2+1 \\ b^2 & b^2+1 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & c^2+1 \end{vmatrix}

Taking (a2 + b2 + c2 + 1) common from R1, we get

\triangle = (a^2+b^2+c^2+1)\begin{vmatrix}1 & 1 & 1 \\ b^2 & b^2+1 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & c^2+1 \end{vmatrix}

C2⇢C2-C1 and C3⇢C3-C1

\triangle = (a^2+b^2+c^2+1)\begin{vmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ b^2 & b^2+1-b^2 & b^2-b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2-c^2 & c^2+1-c^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = (a^2+b^2+c^2+1)\begin{vmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ b^2 & 1 & 0 \\ c^2 & 0 & 1\end{vmatrix}

△ = (a2 + b2 + c2 + 1)[1((1)(1) - (0)(0))]

△ = (a2 + b2 + c2 + 1)[1]

**△ = (a 2 **+ b 2 **+ c 2 **+ 1)

Hence proved !!

Question 27. \begin{vmatrix}1 & a & a^2 \\ a^2 & 1 & a \\ a & a^2 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = (a3 - 1)2

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1 & a & a^2 \\ a^2 & 1 & a \\ a & a^2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 + C2 + C3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}1+a+a^2 & a & a^2 \\ a^2+1+a & 1 & a \\ a+a^2+1 & a^2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Taking (a2 + a + 1) common from C1, we get

\triangle = (a^2+a+1)\begin{vmatrix}1 & a & a^2 \\ 1 & 1 & a \\ 1 & a^2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = (a^2+a+1)\begin{vmatrix}1 & a & a^2 \\ 0 & 1-a & a-a^2 \\ 0 & a^2-a & 1-a^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = (a^2+a+1)\begin{vmatrix}1 & a & a^2 \\ 0 & 1-a & a(1-a) \\ 0 & -a(1-a) & (1-a)(1+a) \end{vmatrix}

Taking (1 - a) common from R2 and R3, we get

\triangle = (a^2+a+1)(1-a)(1-a)\begin{vmatrix}1 & a & a^2 \\ 0 & 1 & a \\ 0 & -a & 1+a \end{vmatrix}

△ = (a2 + a + 1)(1 - a)2[1((1 + a)(1) - (a)(-a))]

△ = (a2 + a + 1)(1 - a)2[(1 + a) + a2]

△ = (a2 + a + 1)(1 - a)2[1 + a + a2]

△ = ((a2 + a + 1)(1 - a))2

△ = (a3 - 1)2

Hence proved

Question 28. \begin{vmatrix}a+b+c & -c & -b \\ -c & a+b+c & -a \\ -b & -a & a+b+c \end{vmatrix} = 2(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a+b+c & -c & -b \\ -c & a+b+c & -a \\ -b & -a & a+b+c \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 + C3 and C2⇢C2 + C3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a+b+c+(-b) & -c+(-b) & -b \\ -c+(-a) & a+b+c+(-a) & -a \\ -b+a+b+c & -a+a+b+c & a+b+c \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}a+c & -(c+b) & -b \\ -(c+a) & b+c & -a \\ a+c & b+c & a+b+c \end{vmatrix}

Taking (c + a) and (b + c) common from C1 and C2, we get

\triangle = (c+a)(b+c)\begin{vmatrix}1 & -1 & -b \\ -1 & 1 & -a \\ 1 & 1 & a+b+c \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 + R1 and R3⇢R3 + R2

\triangle = (c+a)(b+c)\begin{vmatrix}1 & -1 & -b \\ 0 & 0 & -a-b \\ 0 & 2 & b+c \end{vmatrix}

△ = (c + a)(b + c)[1((0)(b + c) - (2)(-a - b))]

△ = (c + a)(b + c)[0 + 2(a + b)]

**△ = 2(a + b)(c + a)(b + c)

Hence proved

Question 29. \begin{vmatrix}b+c & a & a \\ b & c+a & b \\ c & c & a+b \end{vmatrix} = 4abc

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}b+c & a & a \\ b & c+a & b \\ c & c & a+b \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 + R2 + R3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}2b+2c & 2a+2c & 2a+2b \\ b & c+a & b \\ c & c & a+b \end{vmatrix}

Taking 2 common from R1, we get

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}b+c & a+c & a+b \\ b & c+a & b \\ c & c & a+b \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}b+c & a+c & a+b \\ b-(b+c) & c+a-(a+c) & b-(a+b) \\ c-(b+c) & c-(a+c) & a+b-(a+b) \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}b+c & a+c & a+b \\ -c & 0 & -a \\ -b & -a & 0 \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 + R2 + R3

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}b+c-b-c & a+c-a & a+b-a \\ -c & 0 & -a \\ -b & -a & 0 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}0& c & b \\ -c & 0 & -a \\ -b & -a & 0 \end{vmatrix}

△ = 2[-c((-c)(0) - (-a)(-b)) + b((-c)(-a) - (0)(-b))]

△ = 2[-c(0 - ab) + b(ac - 0)]

△ = 2[abc + abc]

△ = 2[2abc]

**△ = 4abc

Hence proved

Question 30. \begin{vmatrix}b^2+c^2 & ab & ac \\ ba & c^2+a^2 & bc \\ ca & cb & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix} = 4a2b2c2

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}b^2+c^2 & ab & ac \\ ba & c^2+a^2 & bc \\ ca & cb & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix}

Multiplying a, b and c to R1, R2 and R3 respectively, we get

\triangle = \frac{1}{abc}\begin{vmatrix}a(b^2+c^2) & a^2b & a^2c \\ b^2a & b(c^2+a^2) & b^2c \\ c^2a & c^2b & c(a^2+b^2) \end{vmatrix}

Taking common a, b and c to C1, C2 and C3 respectively, we get

\triangle = \frac{abc}{abc}\begin{vmatrix}b^2+c^2 & a^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & c^2+a^2 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}b^2+c^2 & a^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & c^2+a^2 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 + R2 + R3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}2(b^2+c^2) & 2(a^2+c^2) & 2(a^2+b^2) \\ b^2 & c^2+a^2 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix}

Taking 2 common from R1, we get

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}b^2+c^2 & a^2+c^2 & a^2+b^2 \\ b^2 & c^2+a^2 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 - R2

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}b^2+c^2-b^2 & a^2+c^2-c^2-a^2 & a^2+b^2-b^2 \\ b^2 & c^2+a^2 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = 2\begin{vmatrix}c^2 & 0 & a^2 \\ b^2 & c^2+a^2 & b^2 \\ c^2 & c^2 & a^2+b^2 \end{vmatrix}

△ = 2[c2((c2 + a2)(a2 + b2) - (b2)(c2)) + a2((b2)(c2) - (c2 + a2)(c2))]

△ = 2[c2((c2a2 + c2b2 + a4 + a2b2) - b2c2) + a2(b2c2 - (c4 + a2c2))]

△ = 2[c2(c2a2 + a2b2 + a4) + a2(b2c2 - c4 - a2c2)]

△ = 2[c4a2 + a2b2c2 +c2a]

Question 31. \begin{vmatrix}0 & b^2a & c^2a \\ a^2b & 0 & c^2b \\ a^2c & b^2c & 0 \end{vmatrix}= 2a3b3c3

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix}0 & b^2a & c^2a \\ a^2b & 0 & c^2b \\ a^2c & b^2c & 0 \end{vmatrix}

Taking a2, b2 and c2 common from C1, C2 and C3. we get

\triangle = a^2b^2c^2\begin{vmatrix}0 & a & a \\ b & 0 & b \\ c & c & 0 \end{vmatrix}

Taking a, b and c common from R1, R2 and R3. we get

\triangle = a^2b^2c^2(abc)\begin{vmatrix}0 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{vmatrix}

C2⇢C2 - C3

\triangle = a^3b^3c^3\begin{vmatrix}0 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{vmatrix}

△ = a3b3c3[1((1)(1) - (1)(-1))]

△ = a3b3c3[1 + 1]

**△ = 2a 3 b 3 c 3

Hence proved

Question 32. \begin{vmatrix} \frac{a^2+b^2}{c} & c & c \\ a & \frac{b^2+c^2}{a} & a \\ b & b & \frac{c^2+a^2}{b} \end{vmatrix}= 4abc

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix} \frac{a^2+b^2}{c} & c & c \\ a & \frac{b^2+c^2}{a} & a \\ b & b & \frac{c^2+a^2}{b} \end{vmatrix}

Multiplying c, a and b to R1, R2 and R3. We get

\triangle = \frac{1}{abc}\begin{vmatrix} a^2+b^2 & c^2 & c^2 \\ a^2 & b^2+c^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & b^2 & c^2+a^2 \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 - R2 - R3

\triangle = \frac{1}{abc}\begin{vmatrix} a^2+b^2-a^2-b^2 & c^2-b^2-c^2-b^2 & c^2-a^2-c^2-a^2 \\ a^2 & b^2+c^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & b^2 & c^2+a^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \frac{1}{abc}\begin{vmatrix} 0 & -2b^2 & -2a^2 \\ a^2 & b^2+c^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & b^2 & c^2+a^2 \end{vmatrix}

Taking -2 common from R1, we get

\triangle = \frac{-2}{abc}\begin{vmatrix} 0 & b^2 & a^2 \\ a^2 & b^2+c^2 & a^2 \\ b^2 & b^2 & c^2+a^2 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = \frac{-2}{abc}\begin{vmatrix} 0 & b^2 & a^2 \\ a^2 & c^2 & 0 \\ b^2 & 0 & c^2 \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \frac{-2}{abc}[-b^2((a^2)(c^2)-(0)(b^2))+a^2((a^2)(0)-(b^2)(c^2))]\\ \triangle = \frac{-2}{abc}[-b^2(a^2c^2)+a^2(-b^2c^2)]\\ \triangle = \frac{-2}{abc}[-b^2a^2c^2-a^2b^2c^2]\\ \triangle = \frac{-2}{abc}[-2a^2b^2c^2]

**△ = 4abc

Hence proved

Question 33. \begin{vmatrix} -bc & b^2+bc & c^2+bc \\ a^2+ac & -ac & c^2+ac \\ a^2+ab & b^2+ab & -ab \end{vmatrix}= (ab + bc + ca)3

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix} -bc & b^2+bc & c^2+bc \\ a^2+ac & -ac & c^2+ac \\ a^2+ab & b^2+ab & -ab \end{vmatrix}

Multiplying a, b and c to R1, R2 and R3. We get

\triangle = \frac{1}{abc}\begin{vmatrix} -abc & a(b^2+bc) & a(c^2+bc) \\ b(a^2+ac) & -bac & b(c^2+ac) \\ c(a^2+ab) & c(b^2+ab) & -cab \end{vmatrix}

Taking a, b and c common from C1, C2 and C3. we get

\triangle = \frac{abc}{abc}\begin{vmatrix} -bc & a(b+c) & a(c+b) \\ b(a+c) & -ac & b(c+a) \\ c(a+b) & c(b+a) & -ab \end{vmatrix}

R1⇢R1 + R2 + R3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix} -bc+b(a+c)+c(a+b) & a(b+c)-ac+c(b+a) & a(c+b)+b(c+a)-ab \\ b(a+c) & -ac & b(c+a) \\ c(a+b) & c(b+a) & -ab \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix} ba+ca+bc & ab+bc+ca & ab+bc+ca \\ ab+bc & -ac & bc+ba \\ ca+cb & cb+ca & -ab \end{vmatrix}

Taking (ab + bc + ca) common from R1, we get

\triangle = (ab+bc+ca)\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ ab+bc & -ac & bc+ba \\ ca+cb & cb+ca & -ab \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 - C2 and C3⇢C3 - C2

\triangle = (ab+bc+ca)\begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 & 0 \\ ab+bc+ac & -ac & bc+ba+ac \\ ca+cb-cb-ca & cb+ca & -ab-cb-ca \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = (ab+bc+ca)\begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 & 0 \\ ab+bc+ac & -ac & bc+ba+ac \\ 0 & cb+ca & -(ab+cb+ca) \end{vmatrix}

Taking (ab + bc + ca) common from C1 and C2, we get

\triangle = (ab+bc+ca)(ab+bc+ca)(ab+bc+ca)\begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & -ac & 1 \\ 0 & cb+ca & -1 \end{vmatrix}

△ = (ab + bc + ca)3 [-1((1)(-1) - (1)(0))]

△ = (ab + bc + ca)3 [-1(-1)]

**△ = (ab + bc + ca) 3

Hence proved

Question 34. \begin{vmatrix} x+4 & 2x & 2x \\ 2x & x+4 & 2x \\ 2x & 2x & x+4 \end{vmatrix}= (5x + 4)(4 -x)2

**Solution:

Considering the determinant, we have

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix} x+4 & 2x & 2x \\ 2x & x+4 & 2x \\ 2x & 2x & x+4 \end{vmatrix}

C1⇢C1 + C2 + C3

\triangle = \begin{vmatrix} 5x+4 & 2x & 2x \\ 5x+4 & x+4 & 2x \\ 5x+4 & 2x & x+4 \end{vmatrix}

Taking (5x + 4) common from C1, we get

\triangle = (5x+4)\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2x & 2x \\ 1 & x+4 & 2x \\ 1 & 2x & x+4 \end{vmatrix}

R2⇢R2 - R1 and R3⇢R3 - R1

\triangle = (5x+4)\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2x & 2x \\ 0 & x+4-2x & 2x-2x \\ 0 & 2x-2x & x+4-2x \end{vmatrix}

\triangle = (5x+4)\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2x & 2x \\ 0 & 4-x & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 4-x \end{vmatrix}

△ = (5x + 4)[1((4 - x)(4 - x) - (0)(0))]

△ = (5x + 4)[(4 - x)2]

**△ = (5x + 4)(4 - x) 2

Hence proved

Summary

Exercise 6.2 in Chapter 6 (Determinants) of RD Sharma's Class 12 mathematics textbook focuses on various properties and applications of determinants. This exercise covers topics such as:

The questions in this exercise help students develop a deeper understanding of determinants and their applications in solving linear equations and proving mathematical identities.