Trigonometric Functions (original) (raw)
Last Updated : 9 Feb, 2026
Trigonometric Functions, often simply called trig functions, are mathematical functions that relate the angles of a right triangle to the ratios of the lengths of its sides. There are six basic trigonometric functions used in Trigonometry, which are:
- Sine Function (sin x)
- Cosine Function (cos x)
- Secant Function (Sec x)
- Cosecant Function (cosec x)
- Tangent Function (tan x)
- Cotangent Function (cot x)
The image added below shows a right-angle triangle PQR.
Then the six basic trigonometric functions formulas for this right-angle triangle are,
| Function | Sides | Description | Relation |
|---|---|---|---|
| sin θ | PQ/PR | Perpendicular/Hypotenuse | sin θ = 1/cosec θ |
| cos θ | QR/PR | Base/Hypotenuse | cos θ = 1/sec θ |
| tan θ | PQ/QR | Perpendicular/Base | tan θ = 1/cot θ |
| sec θ | PR/QR | Hypotenuse/Base | sec θ = 1/cos θ |
| cosec θ | PR/PQ | Hypotenuse/Perpendicular | cosec θ = 1/sin θ |
| cot θ | QR/PQ | Base/Perpendicular | cot θ = 1/tan θ |
Properties of Trigonometric Functions
Some of the common properties of trigonometric functions are discussed below:
**Period refers to the length of one complete cycle of a trigonometric function, after which the function repeats.
- Sine (sin), Cosine (cos), Secant (sec), Cosecant (csc): Period = 2π
- Tangent (tan), Cotangent (cot): Period = π
**Symmetry refers to the property that describes how the function behaves under reflection, translation, or rotation.
- **Even Functions: f(−θ) = f(θ) (Cosine and Secant).
- **Odd Functions: f(−θ) = −f(θ) (Sine, Tangent, Cosecant, Cotangent).
**Learn in detail