Find Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix in R Programming eigen() Function (original) (raw)

Last Updated : 15 Jul, 2025

**eigen()** function in R Language is used to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix. Eigenvalue is the factor by which a eigenvector is scaled.

Syntax: eigen(x)Parameters: x: Matrix

Example 1:

Python3 1== `

R program to illustrate

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrix

Create a 3x3 matrix

A = matrix(c(1:9), 3, 3)

cat("The 3x3 matrix:\n") print(A)

Calculating Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

print(eigen(A))

`

Output:

The 3x3 matrix: [, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [1, ] 1 4 7 [2, ] 2 5 8 [3, ] 3 6 9 eigen() decomposition $values [1] 1.611684e+01 -1.116844e+00 -5.700691e-16

$vectors [, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [1, ] -0.4645473 -0.8829060 0.4082483 [2, ] -0.5707955 -0.2395204 -0.8164966 [3, ] -0.6770438 0.4038651 0.4082483

Example 2:

Python3 1== `

R program to illustrate

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrix

Create a 3x3 matrix

A = matrix(c(2, 3, 5, 1), 2, 2) A

Calculating Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

print(eigen(A))

`

Output:

 [, 1] [, 2]

[1, ] 2 5 [2, ] 3 1 eigen() decomposition $values [1] 5.405125 -2.405125

$vectors [, 1] [, 2] [1, ] 0.8265324 -0.7503320 [2, ] 0.5628892 0.6610612