Swift Tutorial (original) (raw)
Last Updated : 19 Jun, 2024
Swift is a powerful general-purpose programming language developed by Apple to create iOS applications such as for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and so on. Swift code is easier to understand and write. Swift is open Source, fast, Powerful and Interoperability(Code of Swift can be used along with existing Objective-C projects). Swift is also used in server applications which provides security and high performance. It has a similar syntax to Objective-C or C.
This Swift tutorial cover all the important topics of Swift programming, such as **Environment Setup, **First Swift Program, **Syntax, **Datatypes, **Variables, **Constants & Literals, **Operators, **Control Statements, **Loops, **Strings, **Functions, **Collection etc. Swift Programming Language.
In this **Swift tutorial, you will learn the basics of Swift which include Keywords, datatypes, functions, Swift OOPs, and collections. You will also learn how to build and publish apps using Swift language and get the 6 best iOS project ideas using Swift language.
Prerequisites to Learn Swift
Before diving into Swift programming, it's helpful to have a few foundational skills and knowledge. Here’s what you should know:
- Basic Programming Knowledge
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Familiarity with Xcode
- Basic Understanding of iOS/MacOS Ecosystem
- Basic Knowledge of Apple's Developer Tools
Table of Content
- Swift Introduction
- Swift Data Types
- Swift Control Flow
- Swift Functions
- Swift Collections
- Swift OOPs
- Swift Additional Topics
- Swift 4
- What is Swift?
- Why Learn Swift?
- Applications of Swift
Swift Introduction
In this section, you’ll learn the basics of Swift, from essential concepts and syntax to foundational skills that will help you build robust and efficient applications. Get ready to unleash your creativity and start developing amazing apps for the entire Apple ecosystem!
- Swift – Hello World Program
- Swift – Basic Syntax
- Swift – Keywords
- Swift – Literals
- Swift – Constants, Variables & Print function
- Swift – Operators
Swift Data Types
In this section, you will learn all about Swift data types, which are fundamental to writing efficient and effective code. Swift offers a wide range of data types that cater to various programming needs, ensuring your code is both robust and flexible. From basic types like Int for integers and Double for floating-point numbers to more complex types like Array, Dictionary, and Set, Swift provides the tools you need to manage data effectively.
- Swift – Data Types
- Swift – Integer, Floating-Point Numbers
- Strings in Swift
- String Functions and Operators in Swift
- How to Concatenate Strings in Swift?
- How to Append a String to Another String in Swift?
- How to Insert a Character in String at Specific Index in Swift?
- How to check if a string contains another string in Swift?
- How to remove a specific character from a string in Swift?
- Data Type Conversions in Swift
- Swift – Convert String to Int Swift
Swift Control Flow
Explore this section to learn about Swift's control flow, a crucial aspect of making decisions and executing different paths in your code. Swift provides several control flow statements, including if, else, switch, for-in, while, and repeat-while, each designed to handle specific scenarios effectively. These tools allow you to manage the execution of your code based on conditions and iterate over collections efficiently.
- Swift – Decision-Making Statements
- Swift – If Statement
- Swift – If-else Statement
- Swift – If-else-if Statement
- Swift–Nested if-else Statement
- Swift–Switch Statement
- Swift – Loops
- Swift – While Loop
- Swift – Repeat While loop
- Swift – For-in Loop
- Swift – Control Statements in Loops
- Swift – Break Statement
- Swift – Fallthrough Statement
- Swift–Guard Statement
Swift Functions
Here you will learn all about Swift functions, one of the most fundamental building blocks of Swift programming. Functions allow you to encapsulate reusable pieces of code, making your programs more modular and easier to maintain. We'll start with the basics of defining and calling functions, then move on to more advanced concepts like parameter passing, return types, and closures.
- Calling Functions in Swift
- Swift Function Parameters and Return Values
- How to Use Variadic Parameters in Swift?
- Swift – In-Out Parameters
- Swift–Nested Function
- Swift – Function Overloading
- Closures in Swift
- Escaping and Non-Escaping Closures in Swift
- Higher-Order Functions in Swift
Swift Collections
In this section, you will learn about Swift Collections, which are essential building blocks for managing groups of data in your applications. Swift offers a variety of powerful collection types, including arrays, sets, and dictionaries, each with unique capabilities and performance characteristics.
- Swift – Arrays
- Swift – Arrays Properties
- Swift – How to Store Values in Arrays?
- How to Remove the last element from an Array in Swift?
- How to Remove the First Element from an Array in Swift?
- How to count the elements of an Array in Swift?
- How to Reverse an Array in Swift?
- Swift Array joined() function
- How to check if the array contains a given element in Swift?
- Sorting an Array in Swift
- How to Swap Array items in Swift?
- How to check if an array is empty in Swift?
- Swift – Sets
- Swift – Set Operations
- How to remove the first element from the Set in Swift?
- How to remove all the elements from the Set in Swift?
- How to check if the set contains a given element in Swift?
- How to count the elements of a Set in Swift?
- Sorting a Set in Swift
- How to check if a set is empty in Swift?
- How to shuffle the elements of a set in Swift?
- Swift – Difference Between Sets and Arrays
- Swift – Dictionary
- Swift – Tuples
- Swift – Iterate Arrays and Dictionaries
Swift OOPs
Here you'll explore how to define classes, create and initialize objects, and use properties and methods to interact with them. Additionally, we'll cover advanced topics like polymorphism and protocol-oriented programming, which extends the power of OOP in Swift.
- Swift Structures
- Swift – Properties and their Different Types
- Swift – Methods
- Swift – Difference Between Function and Method
- Swift – Deinitialization and How its Works?
- Typecasting in Swift
- Repeating Timers in Swift
- Non-Repeating Timers in Swift
- Difference between Repeating and Non-Repeating timers in Swift
- Optional Chaining in Swift
- Singleton Class in Swift
Swift Additional Topics
In this section, you will learn about the advanced aspects of Swift that will take your coding skills to the next level. We'll dive into powerful features like generics, which allow you to write flexible and reusable code, and explore protocols and extensions to enhance your app's architecture.
- Swift – Error Handling
- Difference between Try, Try?, and Try! in Swift
- Swift – Typealias
- Important Points to Know About Java and Swift
- Difference between Swift Structures and C Structure
- How to Build and Publish SCADE Apps to Apple and Google Stores?
- 6 Best iOS Project Ideas For Beginners
Swift 4
Swift 4 is the latest version of Swift developed by Apple for iOS and OS X development. It inbuilt the features of Swift 3 and improve its robustness and stability. Swift 4 has enhanced the library, includes features like smart key paths and serialization, shortened build times and size of app binaries.
Swift 4 introduced a playground feature in which programmers can write their code with live preview. Swift 4 unifies the procedural and object-oriented portions of the language.
Swift 4 follows a modern programming practice to deal with programming errors:
- In Swift 4, variables are always initialized before use.
- Array indices are checked for out-of-bounds errors.
- Optionals ensure that nil values are handled explicitly.
- Integers are checked for overflow.
What is Swift?
Swift is a powerful general-purpose programming language developed by Apple Inc and also used in server applications which provides security and high performance. It is a powerful and intuitive language. Swift code is safe, precise and fast and Swift follows an Objective-C runtime library that allows C, Objective-C, C++ and Swift code to run within a single program. Swift is built with an open-source LLVM compiler and included in Xcode since version 6. 5
Swift is a multi-paradigm compiled language created by Apple. It was first introduced in 2014 at the worldwide developer's Conference and was designed as a modern successor to Objective-C. It is famous for building applications that grow inside Apple's walled garden. The original Apple platform language had been used since the 1980s. Swift interop with objective-C but provides a shorter and more readable syntax. It also provides features like memory safety and type inference to improve developers' productivity.
Today **Swift is used for building mobile apps on iOS, desktop apps on MacOS, and wearable apps for watch OS. It is also open source which means it can be used to build software outside of the Apple platform. It's compiled into native machine code. It's built on top of the **LLVM toolchain like many other modern languages. Swift supports **REPL(Readable print loop) which allows you to experiment with the code in a playground without recompiling it and this makes Swift a greater language for beginners to learn and develop by using it.
Why Learn Swift?
- App development for **iOS, **macOS, **watchOS, and more.
- Safety features and error prevention.
- Performance optimization for fast and responsive applications.
- Modern, expressive syntax for clean and readable code.
- Growing popularity and demand for Swift developers.
- Open-source community collaboration and continuous improvement.
- Future-proofing skills within the Apple ecosystem.
- Versatile applications, including server-side development.
**Applications of Swift
Some of the most common applications of the Swift language are:
- **MobileApp development: Swift language is a language of choice for developing iOS and iPadOS apps. With its clean syntax, dynamic features, and powerful performance, Swift has made iOS app development faster and more efficient.
- **Server-side Development: Swift can be used to build server-side applications, particularly in the realm of web development. With frameworks of it, developers can write server-side applications using Swift.
- **Game Development: Swift can also be used to build games in iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. With its fast performance and advanced features, Swift is a great choice for game developers.
- **Machine learning: Swift has a number of machine learning libraries, such as TensorFlow and CoreML, which can be used for creating intelligent applications, including image and speech recognition, natural processing, and more.
- **Desktop App Development: Swift can also be used for developing macOS desktop applications. With features like native code execution, memory management, and powerful API Swift.
10 Popular Apps Built with Swift
According to Statcounter iOS holds 27.83% of mobile OS market and here in this section we have listed 10 popular apps that built using Swift programming language.
- Lyft
- Airbnb
- Kickstarter
- WordPress
- Coursera
- Slack
- Artsy
- Firefox
Conclusion
Swift is a powerful and expressive programming language that is used for building various applications for Apple's platforms such as iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. Swift has several features like modern syntax, memory safety, high performance, and more readable syntax which helps beginners to learn easily. It is a flexible and robust language. It has a vibrant and active community of developers, which contributes to its popularity. This community is continuously adding new functions, libraries, tools, and frameworks to make Swift development more comfortable and more productive to use. Overall, Swift is an exciting programming language to learn, and it has great potential in building robust and efficient applications for Apple's platform.