Guide to ITU-R radio-wave propagation prediction methods (original) (raw)

​Method Title Application Type Output Frequency Distance % time % location Terminal height Input data
Rec. ITU-R P.368 Ground-wave propagation curves for frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz All services Point-to-point Field strength 10 kHz to 30 MHz 1 to 10 000 km Not applicable Not applicable Ground-based Frequency Ground conductivity
Rec. ITU-R P.452 Prediction procedure for the evaluation of interference between stations on the surface of the Earth at frequencies above about 0.1 GHz Services employing stations on the surface of the Earth; interference Point-to-point Basic transmission loss 100 MHz to 50 GHz Not specified but up to and beyond the radio horizon 0.001 to 50 Average year and worst month Not applicable No limits specified, within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) Path profile data Frequency Percentage time Tx antenna height Rx antenna height Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Meteorological dataPolarization
Rec. ITU-R P.528 Propagation curves for aeronautical mobile and radionavigation services using the VHF, UHF and SHF bands Aeronautical mobile Point-to-area Basic transmission loss 100 MHz to 30 GHz Not specified but up to and beyond the radio horizon For aeronautical applications 0 km great circle distance does not mean 0 km path length. 1 to 99 Not applicable Terminal heights: 1.5 - 20 000 m Distance Tx height Frequency Rx height Percentage time Polarization
Rec. ITU-R P.530 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems Line-of-sight fixed links Point-to-point line-of-sight Propagation loss Diversity improvement (clear air conditions) XPD(2) Outage Error performance Approximately 150 MHz to 100 GHz Up to 200 km if line-of-sight All percentages of time in clear‑air conditions; 1 to 0.001 in precipitation conditions(1)And worst month for attenuation Not applicable High enough to ensure specified path clearance Distance Tx height Frequency Rx height Percentage time Path obstruction data Climate data Terrain information
Rec. ITU-R P.533 Method for the prediction of the performance of HF circuits Broadcasting Fixed Mobile Point-to-point Basic MUF Sky wave field strength Available receiver power Signal-to-noise ratio LUF Circuit reliability 2 to 30 MHz 0 to 40 000 km All percentages Not applicable Not applicable Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Sunspot number Month Time(s) of day Frequencies Tx power Tx antenna type Rx antenna type
Rec. ITU-R P.534 Method for calculating sporadic-E field strength Fixed Mobile Broadcasting Point-to-point via sporadic E Field strength 30 to 100 MHz 0 to 4 000 km 0.1 to 50 Not applicable Not applicable Distance Frequency
Rec. ITU-R P.617 Propagation prediction techniques and data required for the design of trans-horizon radio-relay systems Trans-horizon fixed links Point-to-point Basic transmission loss > 30 MHz 100 to 1 000 km 0.001 to 99.999 Not applicable No limits specified within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) Frequency Tx antenna gain Rx antenna gain Path geometry
Rec. ITU-R P.618 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of Earth-space telecommunication systems Satellite Point-to-point Propagation loss Diversity gain and (for precipitation condition) XPD(2) 1 to 55 GHz Any practical orbit height 0.001-5 for rain attenuation; 0.001-50 for total attenuation, 0.001-1 for XPD(2) Also worst month for attenuation Not applicable No limit Meteorological data Frequency Elevation angle Height of earth station Separation and angle between earth station sites (for diversity gain) Antenna diameter and efficiency (for scintillation) Polarization angle (for XPD(2))
Rec. ITU-R P.619 Propagation Data Required for the Evaluation of Interference Between Stations in Space and those on the Surface of the Earth Satellite Point-to-point Basic transmission loss for single-entry interference Clear-air basic transmission loss for multiple-entry interference 0.1 to 100 GHz Any practical orbit height 0.001 to 50 Not applicable No limit Frequency Earth-station elevation angle Angular path separation Path length Gaseous attenuation Scintillation “gain” Maximum allowed attenuation of the wanted signal
Rec. ITU-R P.620 Propagation data required for the evaluation of coordination distances in the frequency range 100 MHz to 105 GHz Earth station frequency coordination Coordination distance Distance of which the required propagation loss is achieved 100 MHz to 105 GHz Up to 1 200 km 0.001 to 50 Not applicable No limits specified within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) Minimum basic transmission loss Frequency Percentage of time Earth-station elevation angle
Rec. ITU-R P.678 Characterization of the variability of propagation phenomena and estimation of the risk associated with propagation margin Rain rate models Satellite Point-to-point Variability of propagation phenomena 12 to 50 GHz Any practical orbit height 0.01-2 for rainfall rate and rain attenuation along slant paths Not applicable No limit Probability of exceedance
Rec. ITU-R P.679 Propagation data required for the design of broadcasting-satellite systems Broadcast satellite Point-to-area Excess basic transmission loss Effect of local environment 0.5 to 5.1 GHz Any practical orbit height Not applicable No limits specified No limits specified Frequency Elevation angle Features of local environment
Rec. ITU-R P.680 Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space maritime mobile telecommunication systems Maritime mobile satellite Point-to-point Sea-surface fading Fade duration Interference (adjacent satellite) 0.8-8 GHz Any practical orbit height To 0.001% via Rice-Nakagami distribution Limit of 0.01% for interference(1) Not applicable No limit Frequency Elevation angle Maximum antenna boresight gain
Rec. ITU-R P.681 Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space land mobile telecommunication systems Land mobile satellite Point-to-point Path fading Fade duration Non-fade duration 0.8 to 20 GHz Any practical orbit height Not applicable Percentage of distance travelled 1 to 80%(1) Not applicable No limit Frequency Elevation angle Percentage of distance travelled Approximate level of optical shadowing
Rec. ITU-R P.682 Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space aeronautical mobile telecommunication systems Aeronautical mobile satellite Point-to-point Sea surface fading Multipath from ground and aircraft during landing 1 to 2 GHz (sea-surface fading) 1 to 3 GHz (multipath from ground) Any practical orbit height To 0.001% via Rice-Nakagami distribution(1) Not applicable No limit for sea-surface fading Up to 1 km for ground reflection during landing Frequency Elevation angle Polarization Maximum antenna boresight gain Antenna height
Rec. ITU-R P.684 Prediction of field strength at frequencies below about 150 kHz Fixed Mobile Point-to-point Point-to-area Sky wave field strength 30 to 150 kHz 0 to 16 000 km 50 Not applicable Not applicable Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Distance Tx power Frequency Ground constants Season Sunspot number Hour of day
Rec. ITU-R P.843 Communication by meteor-burst propagation Fixed Mobile Broadcasting Point-to-point via meteor burst Received power Burst rate 30 to 100 MHz 100 to 1 000 km 0 to 5 Not applicable Not applicable Frequency Distance Tx power Antenna gains
Rec. ITU-R P.1147 Prediction of sky-wave field strength at frequencies between about 150 and 1 700 kHz Broadcasting Point-to-area Sky-wave field strength 0.15 to 1.7 MHz 50 to 12 000 km 1, 10, 50 Not applicable Not applicable Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Distance Sunspot number Tx power Frequency
Rec. ITU-R P.1238 Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz Mobile RLAN In building propagation methods Basic transmission loss Delay spread 300 MHz to 450 GHz Within buildings Not applicable Not applicable Base: about 2-3 m Mobile: about 0.5-3 m Frequency Distance Floor and wall factors
Rec. ITU-R P.1410 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial broadband radio access systems operating in a frequency range from 3 to 60 GHz Broadband radio access Point-to-area Coverage Temporal coverage reduction due to rain 3 to 60 GHz 0-5 km 0.001 to 1 (for calculating reduction in coverage due to rain) Up to 100 No limit; 0-300 m (typical) Frequency Cell size Terminal heights Building height statistical parameters
Rec. ITU-R P.1411 Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz Mobile Short-path propagation methods Basic transmission loss Delay spread 300 MHz to 100 GHz < 1 km Not applicable Not applicable Base: about 4-50 m Mobile: about 0.5 3 m Frequency Distance Street dimensions Structure heights
Rec. ITU-R P.1546 Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 4 000 MHz Terrestrial services Point-to-area Field strength 30 to 4 000 MHz 1 to 1 000 km 1 to 50 1 to 99 Tx/base: effective height from less than 0 m to 3 000 m_Rx/mobile_:³ 1m Terrain height and ground cover (optional) Path classification Distance Tx antenna height Frequency Percentage time Rx antenna height Terrain clearance angle Percentage locations Refractivity gradient
Rec. ITU-R P.1622 Prediction methods required for the design of Earth-space systems operating between 20 THz and 375 THz Satellite optical links Point-to-point Absorption loss Scattering loss Background noise Amplitude scintillation Angle of arrival Beam wander Beam spreading 20 to 375 THz Far-field Earth-to-space optical links Not applicable Not applicable No limit Wavelength Terminal height Elevation angle Turbulence structure parameter
Rec. ITU-R P.1623 Prediction method of fade dynamics on Earth-space paths Satellite Point-to-point Fade duration, fade slope 10 to 50 GHz Any practical orbit height Not applicable Not applicable No limit Frequency Elevation angle Attenuation threshold Filter bandwidth
Rec. ITU-R P.1812 A path-specific propagation prediction method for point-to-area terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 6 000 MHz Terrestrial services Point-to-area Field strength 30 MHz to 6 000 MHz Not specified but up to and beyond the radio horizon 1 to 50 1 to 99 No limits specified, within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) Path profile data Frequency Percentage time Tx antenna height Rx antenna height Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Meteorological data Polarization
Rec. ITU-R P.1814 Prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial free-space optical links Terrestrial optical links Point-to-point Absorption loss Scattering loss Background noise Amplitude scintillation Beam spreading 20 to 375 THz No limit Not applicable Not applicable No limit Wavelength Visibility (in fog) Path length Turbulence structure parameter
Rec. ITU-R P.1853 Tropospheric attenuation time series synthesis Terrestrial satellite Point-to-point Rain attenuation for terrestrial paths Total attenuation and tropospheric scintillation for Earth-space paths 4 to 40 GHz for terrestrial paths 4 to 55 GHz for Earth-space paths Between 2 and 60 km for terrestrial paths GEO satellite Not applicable Not applicable No limit Meteorological data Frequency Elevation angle Height of earth station Separation and angle between earth station sites (for diversity gain) Antenna diameter and efficiency (for scintillation)
Rec. ITU-R P.2001 A general purpose wide-range terrestrial propagation model in the frequency range 30 MHz to 50 GHz Terrestrial services Point-to-point Basic transmission loss 30 MHz to 50 GHz 3 to 1 000 km 0.001 to 99.999 Not applicable < 8000 m above m.s.l. but near the ground, within the troposphere Path profile data Frequency Percentage time Tx antenna height, gain and azimuthal direction Rx antenna height, gain and azimuthal direction Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Polarization
Rec. ITU-R P.2041 Prediction of path attenuation on links between an airborne platform and Space and between an airborne platform and the surface of the Earth Airborne Point-to-point Total attenuation 1 to 55 GHz Any height 0.001 to 50 Not applicable Between the surface of the Earth and space Meteorological data Frequency Elevation angle Availability Height of airborne platform Antenna diameter and efficiency (for scintillation)
(1) Time percentage of outage; for service availability, subtract value from 100.(2) XPD: Cross-polarization discrimination.