Linux - LXV Development (original) (raw)

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Linux (GNU/Linux) is the generic name for UNIX-like operating systems based on the free kernel (the kernel is the program that defines the operation of any operating system and provides the hardware and software interaction) of Linux and the assembled libraries and system programs developed within the GNU project.

GNU/Linux, unlike most other OSes, does not have a specific “official” package. It comes in a large number of distributions that combine GNU software with the Linux kernel. The most famous Linux distributions are Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware, Red Hat, Mandriva

Advantages of OS Linux:

• Free of charge;
• Reliability;
• Efficiency;
• convenience;
• Variety of software.

Today there are a huge number of OS Linux distributions. All distributions can be divided into two categories: highly specialized (for example, for use on routers) and intended for mass users.

The following groups of Linux distributions are also distinguished:

• Those based on Debian or using the deb package format (Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu);
• Those based on Ubuntu, which in turn derives from Debian (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Mint);
• Those based on Red Hat or using the RPM package format (Red Hat, CentOS, Fedora, Suse);
• Those based on Slackware (Zenwalk, MOPSLinux, VectorLinux);
• Using other package systems (Gentoo, Arch Linux).

Linux is widely distributed on Intel PC 386/486/Pentium/Pentium Pro platforms and is gaining ground on a number of other platforms (DEC AXP, Power Macintosh, etc.).

The development of Linux was done by Linus Torvalds of the University of Helsinki and an uncountable extensive team of thousands of Internet users, research centers, foundations, universities, etc.

The possibilities offered by Linux

• makes it possible to have a modern operating system free and legally available for use both at work and at home;
• It is also fast and easy to use;
• runs reliably, stably and does not freeze at all
  is not susceptible to viruses;
• allows you to use the full capacity of modern PCs, removing the limitations inherent in DOS and MS Windows on the use of machine memory and CPU resource(s);
• effectively manages multitasking and priorities, background tasks (long calculation, e-mail transmission by modem, floppy disk formatting, etc., etc.) do not interfere with interactive work;
  allows you to easily integrate the computer into local and global networks, including the Internet; works with networks based on Novell and MS Windows;
• allows you to perform presented in the format of downloading application programs from other operating systems – different versions of Unix, DOS and MS Windows;
• provides use of a huge variety of software packages accumulated in the Unix world and freely distributed with source code;
• provides a rich set of tools for developing applications of any degree of complexity, including client-server, object-oriented, multi-window text and/or GUI systems, suitable for both Linux and other operating systems;
• provides the user, and especially the developer, with an excellent training ground in the form of rich documentation and source code of all components, including the kernel of the OS itself;
• gives everyone who wants to try their hand at development, to communicate and collaborate over the Internet with any of the Linux developers, and to contribute by becoming a co-author of the system.

Linux has come a long way and made some progress in its development. More and more people consider these operating systems as an alternative for home use as well as for business.