Alexandria - Livius (original) (raw)
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Hellenistic History
Alexander the Great as founder of Alexandria
- The site of Alexandria was chosen in January 330 BCE; the city was founded on 7 April (text). It replaced an older town, Rhacotis.
- This was an entirely Greek city, independent from Egypt. Diodorus of Sicily offers an eyewitness account of the city.note[Diodorus, World History 17.52.]
- During the reign of Ptolemy I Soter, it became the capital of the Ptolemaic Empire.
- Center of corn trade; production of papyrus; glass, metal, textiles.
- The Jews and natives were second- and even third class citizens.
- At the beginning of the common era, the town had at least 300,000 male, free inhabitants; a total population of over a million is not impossible.
- Demetrius of Phaleron, Euclid, Eratosthenes of Cyrene, the translators of the Septuagint, Callimachus of Cyrene, Apollonius of Rhodes, Aristarchus of Samos.
- 168: Roman pressure forces Antiochus IV Epiphanes to retire from Alexandria
- 47: Alexandrian War: Julius Caesar puts Cleopatra VII Philopator on the throne
- 30 BCE: Captured by Octavian; death of Cleopatra; capital of Roman province; the governor is not a senator but a Roman knight.
- Diodorus of Sicily; Philo of Alexandria; Julius Alexander
Roman History
- c. 8 CE: Two legions at Alexandria: III Cyrenaica and XXII Deiotariana
- 38 CE: Pogrom
- Ministery of Mark?
- 68: Another pogrom
- 69: Vespasian proclaimed emperor
- 115-117: Anti-Jewish riots (more...)
- 125: III Cyrenaica replaced by II Traiana Fortis
- 130: Hadrian visits the city
- Ptolemy of Alexandria, Appian of Alexandria
- 175: Marcus Aurelius visits the city
A fort is all that remains of the lighthouse
After 200: increasing Christian influence; Clement of Alexandria- 215: Visit by Caracalla
- 252: Origen banished
- 269/270: Captured by the Palmyrene troops
- Sacked by Aureliannote[Zosimus, New History 1.61.1.]
- 298: Sacked by Diocletian; legion III Diocletiana added to the garrison
- 328-335: Athanasius bishop
- 346-356: Athanasius bishop for the second time
- 357-358 Georgios bishop of Alexandria; the relics of Andrew and Luke brought to Constantinople
- 363: Visit by Julianus Apostata
- 365: tsunami
- 366-373: Athanasius bishop for the third time
- 389: All pagan monuments in Alexandria, including the Museum, destroyed
- 391: Destruction of the Serapeum
- 414: The last leader of the philosophical school, Hypatia, is lynched by a Christian mob
- 541 Plague
- 608-610: during the war between the emperors Phocas and Heraclius; the southern harbor is destroyed
- 619: The Sasanian king Khusrau sacks the city
- 642: Replaced as capital of Egypt by Cairo
- 645-646: Reoccupied by the Byzantine commander Manuel
- Alexandria has been called Alexander's most lasting legacy
 Alexandria, Serapeum, Sphinx of Horemheb |
 Alexandria, Catacombs, Tomb relief |
 Qasr Libya, East Church, mosaic 1.10.c (the Pharos of Alexandria) |
 Alexandria, Odeon |
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Monuments
- Tomb of Alexander
- Museum with a Library that held 400,000 scrolls
- Pharos (Lighthouse of Alexandria)
- Serapeum
 Alexandria, Hephaestion (part of a group with Alexander) |
 Alexandria, Alexander the Great (part of a group with Hephaestion) |
 Alexandria, Relief of the Apotheosis of Homer |
 Alexandria, Inscription of II Traiana Fortis |
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 Alexandria, Alexander the Great |
 Alexandria, Tombstone of Longinus of II Traiana |