Dilaudid: Pain Uses, Sides Effects, Overdose Warnings (original) (raw)
Brand Names: Dilaudid, Dilaudid-5, Dilaudid-HP Injection, and Exalgo
Generic Name: hydromorphone hydrochloride
Drug Class: Opioid Analgesics
What is Dilaudid, and what is it used for?
Hydromorphone hydrochloride (HCI) is an opioid narcotic pain reliever similar to oxycodone, morphine, methadone, fentanyl, and other opioids. Hydromorphone is used for management of acute pain and moderate-to-severe chronic pain in patients when use of an opioid is appropriate.
Hydromorphone, like other opioids, stimulates receptors on nerves in the brain to increase the threshold to pain (increasing the amount of stimulation it takes to feel pain) and reduce the perception of pain (the perceived importance of the pain).
Warnings
- Dilaudid-HP Injection should not be confused with other types of Dilaudid injections or other opioids, as overdose and death could result.
- Avoid dosing errors from confusion between mg and mL when dispensing, prescribing, or administering the oral solution. Dosing errors can result in accidental overdose and death.
- Hydromorphone exposes patients to risks of addictions, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death, even when used as recommended.
- Patients should be monitored closely because serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur.
- Prolonged use of hydromorphone during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Pregnant woman should be advised of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and appropriate treatment should be available.
- Combining opioids with benzodiazepines, alcohol, or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants may result in severe sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
What are the side effects of Dilaudid?
Common side effects
- Lightheadedness
- Dizziness
- Sedation
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Constipation
- Sweating
- Flushing
- Itching
- Dry mouth
Other serious side effects
- Other serious and important side effects of hydromorphone are respiratory depression and trouble breathing.
- Since hydromorphone is a controlled narcotic, it carries a warning of respiratory depression and abuse potential. Use with alcohol or other medications affecting the central nervous system can worsen respiratory depression and may lead to death.
What is the dosage for Dilaudid?
- Immediate-release tablets: Take 2 to 4 mg tablets by mouth every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Increase to 8 mg after careful observation and if needed to control pain.
- Extended-release tablets: Start after discontinuation of all other opioid extended-release tablets. Dosed once-daily, individualized based on prior opioid therapy.
- Injections: Give 1 to 2 mg intramuscularly or subcutaneously every 2 to 3 hours as needed. Give 0.2 to 1 mg intravenously over 2 to 3 minutes every 2 to 3 hours as needed.
- Oral solution: Give 2.5 to 10 mg every 3 to 6 hours as needed.
- Rectal suppository: Insert one 3 mg suppository rectally every 6 to 8 hours OR3 to 6 mg rectally every 3 to 4 hours, when appropriate.
Safe and effective use of hydromorphone in children has not been established.
Which drugs interact with Dilaudid?
Hydromorphone should be used very cautiously with medications that depress the central nervous system (for example, hypnotics, anesthetics, tranquilizers, phenothiazines, and alcohol).
Hydromorphone should be used with caution with mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesics (for example, pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, and buprenorphine) because it may take away the analgesic effect of hydromorphone.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- There are no adequate studies of hydromorphone to determine safe and effective use in pregnant women.
- Low levels of opioid medications may be excreted in breast milk; therefore, it should not be used in nursing mothers.
What else should I know about Dilaudid?
What preparations are available?
Hydromorphone is available as immediate-release and extended-release tablets, injection, rectal suppository, and oral liquid forms.
- Dilaudid (immediate-release tablets): Available in 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg strengths.
- Exalgo (extended-release tablets): Available in 8 mg, 12 mg, 16 mg
- Dilaudid (injection solutions): Available in 1mg/ml, 2 mg/ml, and 4 mg/ml strengths.
- Dilaudid-HP (high potency injections): Available in two strengths: 250 mg powder for solution and 10 mg/ml injection solution.
- Dilaudid-5 (oral solution): Available in 1 mg/ml strength in 473 ml bottle.
- Dilaudid (rectal suppository): Available in 3 mg strength.
How should I keep this medication stored?
- Hydromorphone tablets are stored at room temperature between 20 C to 25 C (68 F to 77 F). Hydromorphone oral liquid and injections are stored between 15 C to 30 C (59 F to 86 F). Hydromorphone suppositories are stored in a refrigerator, protected from light.
When did the FDA approve this drug?
- The FDA approved hydromorphone in January 1984.
QUESTION Medically speaking, the term "myalgia" refers to what type of pain? See Answer
Summary
Hydromorphone hydrochloride, oral (Dilaudid, Dilaudid-5, Dilaudid-HP Injection, Exalgo) is an opioid narcotic pain reliever prescribed to manage acute and moderate to severe chronic pain. Hydromorphone has risks of addictions, abuse, misuse, overdose, and potentially fatal respiratory depression. Common side effects are constipation, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and itching.
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Medically Reviewed on 10/19/2023
References
Medically reviewed by John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP; Board Certified Emergency Medicine
REFERENCE:
FDA Prescribing Information for Dilaudid, Dilaudid-5, Dilaudid-HP Injection, and Exalgo