Qandilite (original) (raw)

Formula:

(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4

Name:

Named after the metamorphic Qandil Group of rocks, including the discovery locality.

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3331:8

ac9c31e4-7343-49bc-a2b2-7e60349cdd1d

Type description reference:

4.BB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations

7.2.5.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4

7.9.23

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol Source Reference
Qnd IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Qnd Whitney & Evans (2010) Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Qd The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Hardness:

VHN100=960 - 1045 - Vickers

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Three sets of octahedral (111) cleavages.

Density:

4.03 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.04 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Reflectivity:

Wavelength R
400nm 14.8%
420nm 14.2%
440nm 13.8%
460nm 13.5%
480nm 13.3%
500nm 13.2%
520nm 13.1%
540nm 13.1%
560nm 13.0%
580nm 13.0%
600nm 13.0%
620nm 13.0%
640nm 13.0%
660nm 12.9%
680nm 12.9%
700nm 12.9%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 14.8%.

Colour in reflected light:

Grey with a pinkish tint.

Internal Reflections:

none

Mindat Formula:

(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4

Class (H-M):

m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) - Hexoctahedral

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.4033(14) Å

Unit Cell V:

593.40 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Synthetic material described by Wechsler and Von Dreele (1989) has a = 8.4376 Å.

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ID Species Reference Link Year Locality Pressure (GPa) Temp (K)
0001746 Qandilite Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896 1995 0 293
0001747 Qandilite Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896 1995 0 293
0001750 Qandilite Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896 1995 0 293
0001751 Qandilite Millard R L, Peterson R C, Hunter B K (1995) Study of the cubic to tetragonal transition in Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4 spinels by 17O MAS NMR and Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data American Mineralogist 80 885-896 1995 0 293
0003080 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 363
0003081 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 343
0003082 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 370
0003083 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 425
0003084 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 493
0003085 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 562
0003086 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 633
0003087 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 698
0003088 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 756
0003089 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 832
0003090 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 898
0003091 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 963
0003092 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1029
0003093 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1093
0003094 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1158
0003095 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1222
0003096 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1293
0003097 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1327
0003098 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 373
0003099 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 513
0003100 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 832
0003101 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1123
0003102 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1185
0003103 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1248
0003104 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1312
0003105 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1376
0003106 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1440
0003107 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1505
0003108 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1570
0003109 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1632
0003110 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1676
0003111 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1689
0003112 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1670
0003113 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1619
0003114 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1556
0003115 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1492
0003116 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1354
0003117 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1217
0003118 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1155
0003119 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1070
0003120 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 1029
0003121 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 966
0003122 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 903
0003123 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 840
0003124 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 776
0003125 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 712
0003126 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 648
0003127 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 585
0003128 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 523
0003129 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 471
0003130 Qandilite O'Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, Short S M (2003) An in situ neutron diffraction study of cation disordering in synthetic qandilite Mg2TiO4 at high temperature American Mineralogist 88 860-865 2003 0 441
0009832 Qandilite Wechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinements of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica B45 542-549 1989 synthetic 0 293
0009833 Qandilite Wechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinements of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica B45 542-549 1989 synthetic 0 293
0018128 Qandilite Barth T, Posnjak E (1932) Spinel structures: with and without variate atom equipoints _cod_database_code 1011276 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 82 325-341 1932 0 293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
2.971 Å (30)
2.533 Å (100)
2.101 Å (45)
1.617 Å (50)
1.486 Å (60)
1.0938 Å (30)
0.9704 Å (25)

Comments:

Dupezeh Mountain, Iraq. The data are from the type description.

General Appearance of Type Material:

Interstitial between forsterite grains. Also as euhedral grains embedded in the calcite. The grain size varies from 0.1 to 2.3 mm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Strathclyde University, the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland.
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
Ecole Nationale Superieure de Mines, Paris, France.
Musee de Mineralogie, Paris, France.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Al-Hermezi, H.M. (1985) Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg2TiO4, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine: 49: 739-744.

Other Members of this group:

Notes:

Soluble in hot HCl, but only partially soluble in cold HCl, hot H2SO4, and hot HNO3. Strongly magnetic.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Reference List:

Jambor, J.L., Bladh, K.W., Ercit, T.S., Grice, J.D., Grew, E.S. (1988) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 73, 927-935.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

India
Telangana Nalgonda District ⓘ Vattikod lamproite Kaur et al. (2016)
Iraq (TL)
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Pshdar District Qaladiza Hero ⓘ Dupezeh Mountain (TL) Al-Hermezi (1985)
Italy
Campania Benevento Cusano Mutri ⓘ Regia Piana bauxite deposit Mondillo N. et al. (2011)
Naples ⓘ Somma-Vesuvius Complex Pascal et al. (2008) +3 other references
Nigeria
Ebonyi ⓘ Nkpuma – Akpatakpa clay ? Ituma et al. (2018)
Pacific Ocean
Magellan Seamounts ⓘ Govorov Guyot Peretyazhko et al. (2022)
Russia
Arkhangelsk Oblast Zimny Bereg District Zimny Bereg kimberlite field Kepina occurrence ⓘ Kotuga pipe Golubkova et al. (2013)
Verkhotina occurrence ⓘ Grib pipe Golubkova et al. (2013)
Irkutsk Oblast Lake Baikal area ⓘ Tazheranskii Massif Frank K. Mazdab collection +2 other references
Khabarovsk Krai Ayan-Maya district ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif Lennikov et al. (2004)
ⓘ Sakha [World of Stones 12:49]
ⓘ Arbarastakh complex Doroshkevich et al. (2022)
South Africa
Northern Cape Namakwa District Municipality Khâi-Ma Local Municipality Pofadder ⓘ Ondermatjie pipe Wu et al. (2010)
UK
Scotland Highland Fort William and Ardnamurchan Ballachulish ⓘ Allt Guibhsachain Ferry (1996)
USA
Michigan Menominee County Hermansville ⓘ Kimberlite 73 Li +3 other references