Yarrowite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About YarrowiteHide
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"Extended" formula is Cu+20Cu2+7(S2)7S10 (Goble, 1985).
Colour:
Bluish-grey, black
Specific Gravity:
4.89 (Calculated)
Name:
Named in 1980 by R. J. Goble after its discovery locality, Yarrow Creek valley, Alberta, Canada.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4354:6
e1c2b243-2d28-49b7-839d-b5172f846db4
IMA Classification of YarrowiteHide
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Classification of YarrowiteHide
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2.CA.05d
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
A : With Cu
2.7.3.1
2 : SULFIDES
7 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 9:8
3.1.12
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Yar | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Yar | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of YarrowiteHide
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Colour:
Bluish-grey, black
Hardness:
VHN15=93 - 98 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
{0001}
Density:
4.89 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of YarrowiteHide
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Anisotropism:
Strong, orange-red.
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 | imR1 | imR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 19.2% | 32.9% | 7.22% | 19.2% |
| 420nm | 18.6% | 32.3% | 7.06% | 18.6% |
| 440nm | 17.9% | 31.4% | 6.49% | 17.6% |
| 460nm | 16.9% | 30.5% | 5.63% | 16.3% |
| 470nm | 16.3% | 30.0% | 5.14% | 15.7% |
| 480nm | 15.6% | 29.5% | 4.66% | 14.95% |
| 500nm | 14.2% | 28.2% | 3.71% | 13.7% |
| 520nm | 12.4% | 27.0% | 2.79% | 12.5% |
| 540nm | 10.7% | 25.6% | 2.02% | 11.4% |
| 546nm | 10.2% | 25.3% | 1.83% | 11.1% |
| 560nm | 9.08% | 24.3% | 1.42% | 10.4% |
| 580nm | 7.51% | 23.1% | 1.05% | 9.38% |
| 589nm | 6.89% | 22.8% | 1.00% | 9.09% |
| 600nm | 6.15% | 22.2% | 1.00% | 8.82% |
| 620nm | 5.02% | 22.2% | 1.28% | 8.99% |
| 640nm | 4.33% | 23.0% | 2.21% | 9.65% |
| 650nm | 4.2% | 23.3% | 2.93% | 9.96% |
| 660nm | 4.38% | 23.6% | 3.91% | 10.1% |
| 680nm | 5.96% | 23.4% | 7.11% | 9.92% |
| 700nm | 9.44% | 22.95% | 11.6% | 9.57% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 32.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Colour in reflected light:
Blue with a slight violet tint in oil.
Comments:
Blue to bluish white.
Comments:
Distinguished from spionkopite because yarrowite is a darker shade of blue and is more strongly bireflectant and anisotropic.
Chemistry of YarrowiteHide
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Mindat Formula:
Cu9S8
"Extended" formula is Cu+20Cu2+7(S2)7S10 (Goble, 1985).
Crystallography of YarrowiteHide
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Class (H-M):
3_m_ _(_32/m ) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.800 Å, c = 67.264 Å
Unit Cell V:
841.16 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Also P3m1 and P321
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.955 Å | (20) |
| 5.332 Å | (5) |
| 5.032 Å | (30) |
| 4.828 Å | (5) |
| 4.296 Å | (5) |
| 3.896 Å | (8) |
| 3.678 Å | (25) |
| 3.537 Å | (5) |
| 3.215 Å | (8) |
| 3.061 Å | (55) |
| 2.849 Å | (25) |
| 2.767 Å | (35) |
| 2.513 Å | (15) |
| 2.292 Å | (12) |
| 2.180 Å | (8) |
| 2.120 Å | (8) |
| 2.075 Å | (8) |
| 1.961 Å | (5) |
| 1.899 Å | (100) |
| 1.827 Å | (5) |
| 1.783 Å | (8) |
| 1.731 Å | (15) |
| 1.687 Å | (8) |
| 1.670 Å | (8) |
| 1.639 Å | (5) |
| 1.613 Å | (12) |
| 1.586 Å | (12) |
| 1.572 Å | (15) |
| 1.534 Å | (5) |
| 1.504 Å | (5) |
| 1.472 Å | (8) |
| 1.441 Å | (5) |
| 1.421 Å | (5) |
| 1.385 Å | (5) |
| 1.360 Å | (8) |
| 1.314 Å | (5) |
| 1.279 Å | (5) |
| 1.232 Å | (8) |
| 1.210 Å | (5) |
| 1.163 Å | (5) |
| 1.097 Å | (12) |
| 1.073 Å | (5) |
| 1.063 Å | (5) |
| 1.028 Å | (5) |
| 1.022 Å | (5) |
| 0.9907 Å | (5) |
| 0.9505 Å | (8) |
| 0.9001 Å | (5) |
| 0.8188 Å | (5) |
Comments:
Note: XRD of yarrowite is very similar to spionkopite. There are a few medium intensity lines which are different than spionkopite. Goble, R. J. (1980) Copper Sulfides from Alberta: Yarrowite Cu9S8 and Spionkopite Cu39S28, Canadian Mineralogist, v. 18, pp. 511-518.
Note: Subcell strongly resembles covellite.
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of YarrowiteHide
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Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada.
Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 149430, 149431.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 122290.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Selective replacement of small (~0.5 mm diameter) spheroidal quartz aggregates, feldspar grains, fractured quartz grains and carbonate cement within sandstones and quartzites of a redbed formation, a marginal continental, shallow water sequence.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of YarrowiteHide
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Other Language Names for YarrowiteHide
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Relationship of Yarrowite to other SpeciesHide
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Other Members of this group:
Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for YarrowiteHide
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References for YarrowiteHide
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Localities for YarrowiteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.