High-temporal-resolution electron microscopy for imaging ultrafast electron dynamics (original) (raw)

• Ihee, H. et al. Direct imaging of transient molecular structures with ultrafast diffraction. Science 291, 458–462 (2001).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Srinivasan, R. et al. Dark structures in molecular radiationless transitions determined by ultrafast diffraction. Science 307, 558–563 (2005).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Gao, M. et al. Mapping molecular motions leading to charge delocalization with ultrabright electrons. Nature 496, 343–346 (2013).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Wall, S. et al. Atomistic picture of charge density wave formation at surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 186101 (2012).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Carbone, F., Kwon, O.-H. & Zewail, A. H. Dynamics of chemical bonding mapped by energy-resolved 4D electron microscopy. Science 325, 181–184 (2009).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Baum, P., Yang, D.-S. & Zewail, A. H. 4D visualization of transitional structures in phase transformations by electron diffraction. Science 318, 788–792 (2007).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Eichberger, M. et al. Snapshots of cooperative atomic motions in the optical suppression of charge density waves. Nature 468, 799–802 (2010).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Morrison, V. R. et al. A photoinduced metal-like phase of monoclinic VO2 revealed by ultrafast electron diffraction. Science 346, 445–448 (2014).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Weathersby, S. et al. Mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction at SLAC national accelerator laboratory. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 073702 (2015).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Yang, J. et al. Diffractive imaging of a rotational wavepacket in nitrogen molecules with femtosecond megaelectronvolt electron pulses. Nat. Commun. 7, 11232 (2016).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Hassan, M. T. et al. Optical attosecond pulses and tracking the nonlinear response of bound electrons. Nature 530, 66–70 (2016).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Goulielmakis, E. et al. Real-time observation of valence electron motion. Nature 466, 739–743 (2010).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Calegari, F. et al. Ultrafast electron dynamics in phenylalanine initiated by attosecond pulses. Science 346, 336–339 (2014).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Consani, C., Auböck, G., van Mourik, F. & Chergui, M. Ultrafast tryptophan-to-heme electron transfer in myoglobins revealed by UV 2D spectroscopy. Science 339, 1586–1589 (2013).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Niikura, H. et al. Sub-laser-cycle electron pulses for probing molecular dynamics. Nature 417, 917–922 (2002).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Cavalieri, A. L. et al. Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter. Nature 449, 1029–1032 (2007).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• van Oudheusden, T. et al. Compression of subrelativistic space-charge-dominated electron bunches for single-shot femtosecond electron diffraction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 264801 (2010).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Chatelain, R. P., Morrison, V. R., Godbout, C. & Siwick, B. J. Ultrafast electron diffraction with radio-frequency compressed electron pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 081901 (2012).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Kealhofer, C. et al. All-optical control and metrology of electron pulses. Science 352, 429–433 (2016).
  Article ADS MathSciNet Google Scholar
• Siwick, B. J., Dwyer, J. R., Jordan, R. E. & Miller, R. D. An atomic-level view of melting using femtosecond electron diffraction. Science 302, 1382–1385 (2003).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Ernstorfer, R. et al. The formation of warm dense matter: experimental evidence for electronic bond hardening in gold. Science 323, 1033–1037 (2009).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Shao, H.-C. & Starace, A. F. Detecting electron motion in atoms and molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 263201 (2010).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Yakovlev, V. S., Stockman, M. I., Krausz, F. & Baum, P. Atomic-scale diffractive imaging of sub-cycle electron dynamics in condensed matter. Sci. Rep. 5, 14581 (2015).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Barwick, B., Flannigan, D. J. & Zewail, A. H. Photon-induced near-field electron microscopy. Nature 462, 902–906 (2009).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Park, S. T., Lin, M. & Zewail, A. H. Photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM): theoretical and experimental. New J. Phys. 12, 103021 (2010).
  Article Google Scholar
• Feist, A. et al. Quantum coherent optical phase modulation in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. Nature 521, 200–203 (2015).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Kozák, M. et al. Optical gating and streaking of free electrons with sub-optical cycle precision. Nat. Commun. 8, 14342 (2017).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Park, S. T. & Zewail, A. H. Enhancing image contrast and slicing electron pulses in 4D near field electron microscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett. 521, 1–6 (2012).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Hassan, M. T., Liu, H., Baskin, J. S. & Zewail, A. H. Photon gating in four-dimensional ultrafast electron microscopy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 12944–12949 (2015).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Liu, H., Baskin, J. S. & Zewail, A. H. Infrared PINEM developed by diffraction in 4D UEM. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 2041–2046 (2016).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Brabec, T. & Krausz, F. Intense few-cycle laser fields: frontiers of nonlinear optics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 545–591 (2000).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Nanni, E. A. et al. Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration. Nat. Commun. 6, 8486 (2015).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Walbran, M. et al. 5-femtosecond laser-electron synchronization for pump–probe crystallography and diffraction. Phys. Rev. Appl. 4, 044013 (2015).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Schulz, S. et al. Femtosecond all-optical synchronization of an X-ray free-electron laser. Nat. Commun. 6, 5938 (2015).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Baum, P. & Zewail, A. H. Attosecond electron pulses for 4D diffraction and microscopy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 18409–18414 (2007).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Stockman, M. I. Nanoplasmonics: past, present, and glimpse into future. Opt. Express 19, 22029–22106 (2011).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Rossi, F. & Kuhn, T. Theory of ultrafast phenomena in photoexcited semiconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 895–950 (2002).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• Cavalieri, A. L. et al. Intense 1.5-cycle near infrared laser waveforms and their use for the generation of ultra-broadband soft-X-ray harmonic continua. New J. Phys. 9, 242 (2007).
  Article ADS Google Scholar
• García de Abajo, F. J., Asenjo-Garcia, A. & Kociak, M. Multiphoton absorption and emission by interaction of swift electrons with evanescent light fields. Nano Lett. 10, 1859–1863 (2010).
  Article ADS Google Scholar