HRAS HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene (original) (raw)

S I D E B A R

Official Symbol

HRASprovided by HGNC

Official Full Name

HRas proto-oncogene, GTPaseprovided by HGNC

Primary source

HGNC:HGNC:5173

See related

Ensembl:ENSG00000174775 MIM:190020; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5173

Gene type

protein coding

RefSeq status

REVIEWED

Organism

Homo sapiens

Lineage

Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo

Also known as

CTLO; HAMSV; HRAS1; RASH1; p21ras; C-H-RAS; H-RASIDX; C-BAS/HAS; C-HA-RAS1

Summary

This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal transduction pathways. These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation, which regulates its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, cognitive disability, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Expression

Ubiquitous expression in skin (RPKM 24.4), brain (RPKM 14.8) and 25 other tissues See more

Orthologs

all

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Exon count:

7

Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (532242..535576, complement)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (579238..582554, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (532242..535576, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

  1. Activating HRAS mutation in nevus spilus. Sarin KY, et al. J Invest Dermatol, 2014 Jun. PMID 24390138
  2. Somatic HRAS p.G12S mutation causes woolly hair and epidermal nevi. Levinsohn JL, et al. J Invest Dermatol, 2014 Apr. PMID 24129065, Free PMC Article
  3. HRAS mutations in bladder cancer at an early age and the possible association with the Costello Syndrome. Beukers W, et al. Eur J Hum Genet, 2014 Jun. PMID 24169525, Free PMC Article
  4. Severe neonatal manifestations of Costello syndrome. Lo IF, et al. J Med Genet, 2008 Mar. PMID 18039947
  5. Kinetic mechanisms of mutation-dependent Harvey Ras activation and their relevance for the development of Costello syndrome. Wey M, et al. Biochemistry, 2013 Nov 26. PMID 24224811, Free PMC Article

See all (829) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

  1. Overexpression of wild-type HRAS drives non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.
    Title: Overexpression of wild-type HRAS drives non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.
  2. Unraveling the Genetic Web: H-Ras Expression and Mutation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review.
    Title: Unraveling the Genetic Web: H-Ras Expression and Mutation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review.
  3. ITPR1-AS1 promotes small cell lung cancer metastasis by facilitating P21[HRAS] splicing and stabilizing DDX3X to activate the cRaf-MEK-ERK cascade.
    Title: ITPR1-AS1 promotes small cell lung cancer metastasis by facilitating P21(HRAS) splicing and stabilizing DDX3X to activate the cRaf-MEK-ERK cascade.
  4. Cytosolic EpCAM cooperates with H-Ras to regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition through ZEB1.
    Title: Cytosolic EpCAM cooperates with H-Ras to regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition through ZEB1.
  5. Mutant HRas Signaling and Rationale for Use of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
    Title: Mutant HRas Signaling and Rationale for Use of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
  6. RAS gene mutations and histomorphometric measurements in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    Title: RAS gene mutations and histomorphometric measurements in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  7. A very mild phenotype in six individuals of a three-generation family with the novel HRAS variant c.176C > G p.(Ala59Gly): Emergence of a new HRAS-related RASopathy distinct from Costello syndrome.
    Title: A very mild phenotype in six individuals of a three-generation family with the novel HRAS variant c.176C > G p.(Ala59Gly): Emergence of a new HRAS-related RASopathy distinct from Costello syndrome.
  8. A Subset of Salivary Intercalated Duct Lesions Harbors Recurrent CTNNB1 and HRAS Mutations: A Molecular Link to Basal Cell Adenoma and Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma?
    Title: A Subset of Salivary Intercalated Duct Lesions Harbors Recurrent CTNNB1 and HRAS Mutations: A Molecular Link to Basal Cell Adenoma and Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma?
  9. Crystal Structure of an i-Motif from the HRAS Oncogene Promoter.
    Title: Crystal Structure of an i-Motif from the HRAS Oncogene Promoter.
  10. Mutated HRAS Activates YAP1-AXL Signaling to Drive Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer.
    Title: Mutated HRAS Activates YAP1-AXL Signaling to Drive Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer.

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env Pretreatment of cells with HIV-1 gp160 results in marked inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of p59(fyn), PLC-gamma1, ras activation, and TNF-alpha secretion in anti-CD3 mAb activated CD4+ T cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp160 alone or CD4/gp160 cross-linking induces tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular substrates p59fyn, zap 70, and p95vav and also leads to ras activation PubMed
Nef nef HIV-1 Nef activates signal transduction pathways from Ras to mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades leading to induction of HIV-1 from latency PubMed
nef In HIV-1 Nef-expressing cells, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment results in a 100-fold increase in NFAT-directed gene expression, indicating that Nef and the Ras/MAPK pathway synergistically activate NFAT activity PubMed
Tat tat Knocking down oxidase Nox4 completely suppresses Tat-dependent Ras and ERK activation downstream of Rac1 and RhoA and blocks Tat-dependent proliferation PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat activates Ras activity and induces ERK phosphorylation through its arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) region in endothelial cells; Tat-induced Ras activation is mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and recruitment of Grb2 PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Preferred Names

GTPase HRas

Names

GTP- and GDP-binding peptide B

Ha-Ras1 proto-oncoprotein

Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncoprotein

Ras family small GTP binding protein H-Ras

c-has/bas p21 protein

p19 H-RasIDX protein

transformation gene: oncogene HAMSV

transforming protein p21

v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

NP_001123914.1

NP_001304983.1

NP_005334.1

NP_789765.1

XP_054224585.1

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in [Genomic regions, transcripts, and products](#geneGenomic regions, transcripts, and products) above.

Genomic

  1. NG_007666.1 RefSeqGene
    Range
    4975..8309
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_506

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001130442.3 → NP_001123914.1 GTPase HRas isoform 1
    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123914.1
    Status: REVIEWED
    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 3 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    [AC137894, BM808879, BQ574535, BQ674260](/nuccore/AC137894, BM808879, BQ574535, BQ674260)
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7698.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B5BUA0, P01112, Q14080, Q6FHV9, Q9BR65, Q9UCE2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    X5D945
    Related
    ENSP00000407586.1, ENST00000451590.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd04138
    Location:3 → 164
    H_N_K_Ras_like; Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B
  2. NM_001318054.2 → NP_001304983.1 GTPase HRas isoform 3
    Status: REVIEWED
    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) includes an alternate exon resulting in a different 5' UTR and the use of a downstream translation start site compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    [AC137894, BC006499, BM808879](/nuccore/AC137894, BC006499, BM808879)
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P01112
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl38936
    Location:67 → 85
    P-loop_NTPase; P-loop containing Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases
  3. NM_005343.4 → NP_005334.1 GTPase HRas isoform 1
    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005334.1
    Status: REVIEWED
    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1). Both variants 1 and 3 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    [AC137894, BC006499, BM801600, BM808879](/nuccore/AC137894, BC006499, BM801600, BM808879)
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7698.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B5BUA0, P01112, Q14080, Q6FHV9, Q9BR65, Q9UCE2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    X5D945
    Related
    ENSP00000309845.7, ENST00000311189.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd04138
    Location:3 → 164
    H_N_K_Ras_like; Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B
  4. NM_176795.5 → NP_789765.1 GTPase HRas isoform 2
    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_789765.1
    Status: REVIEWED
    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes an alternate exon resulting in a frameshift and an early stop codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    [AC137894, BM808879, BQ574535, BQ674260](/nuccore/AC137894, BM808879, BQ574535, BQ674260)
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7699.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A804HJ06
    Related
    ENSP00000388246.1, ENST00000417302.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd04138
    Location:3 → 150
    H_N_K_Ras_like; Ras GTPase family containing H-Ras,N-Ras and K-Ras4A/4B

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

This section includes genomic Reference Sequences (RefSeqs) from all assemblies on which this gene is annotated, such as RefSeqs for chromosomes and scaffolds (contigs) from both reference and alternate assemblies. Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly
    Range
    532242..535576 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

Genomic

  1. NT_187586.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1
    Range
    61883..65217 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0
    Range
    579238..582554 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054368610.1 → XP_054224585.1 GTPase HRas isoform X1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B5BUA0, P01112, Q14080, Q6FHV9, Q9BR65, Q9UCE2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    X5D945