Divergent molecular pathways of productive and latent infection with a virulent strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. (original) (raw)
- Journal List
- J Virol
- v.65(8); 1991 Aug
- PMC248830
J Virol. 1991 Aug; 65(8): 4001–4005.
Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia.
Abstract
Mutants of herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been used to show that a variety of key genes associated with initiation of lytic infection or replication of viral DNA are not essential for establishment of latency. These observations are extended in the present study, in which a virulent strain of HSV type 1 that is not compromised in its ability to productively infect neurons under favorable conditions was used to demonstrate early divergence of molecular pathways leading to productive and latent infection. Our experimental strategy made unique use of the segmental innervation of the vertebrate trunk to study the spread of virus throughout the peripheral nervous system after inoculation of mouse flanks. Evidence of viral gene expression, including that of immediate-early genes, was transient, confined to ganglia directly innervating the inoculated skin (8th through 12th thoracic segments), and seen only at sites from which infectious virus could be recovered. In contrast, neurons containing latency-associated transcripts and reactivatable virus were more widely distributed (sixth thoracic through first lumbar segments), from which we conclude that replication-competent HSV type 1 can establish latency without initiating productive infection.
Full text
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1.2M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.
Images in this article
Click on the image to see a larger version.
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Cabrera CV, Wohlenberg C, Openshaw H, Rey-Mendez M, Puga A, Notkins AL. Herpes simplex virus DNA sequences in the CNS of latently infected mice. Nature. 1980 Nov 20;288(5788):288–290. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Conley AJ, Knipe DM, Jones PC, Roizman B. Molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus. VII. Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant produced by in vitro mutagenesis and defective in DNA synthesis and accumulation of gamma polypeptides. J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):191–206. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cook ML, Stevens JG. Pathogenesis of herpetic neuritis and ganglionitis in mice: evidence for intra-axonal transport of infection. Infect Immun. 1973 Feb;7(2):272–288. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Efstathiou S, Minson AC, Field HJ, Anderson JR, Wildy P. Detection of herpes simplex virus-specific DNA sequences in latently infected mice and in humans. J Virol. 1986 Feb;57(2):446–455. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall PA, Stearn PM, Butler MG, D'Ardenne AJ. Acetone/periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixation and improved morphology of cryostat sections for immunohistochemistry. Histopathology. 1987 Jan;11(1):93–101. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harbour DA, Hill TJ, Blyth WA. Acute and recurrent herpes simplex in several strains of mice. J Gen Virol. 1981 Jul;55(Pt 1):31–40. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hill TJ, Field HJ, Blyth WA. Acute and recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse: a model for studying latency and recurrent disease. J Gen Virol. 1975 Sep;28(3):341–353. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KAPLAN AS. A study of the herpes simplex virus-rabbit kidney cell system by the plaque technique. Virology. 1957 Dec;4(3):435–457. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katz JP, Bodin ET, Coen DM. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of herpes simplex virus DNA in ganglia of mice infected with replication-incompetent mutants. J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4288–4295. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leib DA, Coen DM, Bogard CL, Hicks KA, Yager DR, Knipe DM, Tyler KL, Schaffer PA. Immediate-early regulatory gene mutants define different stages in the establishment and reactivation of herpes simplex virus latency. J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):759–768. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rock DL, Fraser NW. Detection of HSV-1 genome in central nervous system of latently infected mice. Nature. 1983 Apr 7;302(5908):523–525. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Showalter SD, Zweig M, Hampar B. Monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 proteins, including the immediate-early protein ICP 4. Infect Immun. 1981 Dec;34(3):684–692. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmons A, Nash AA. Zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus as a model of recrudescence and its use to investigate the role of immune cells in prevention of recurrent disease. J Virol. 1984 Dec;52(3):816–821. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmons A, Nash AA. Effect of B cell suppression on primary infection and reinfection of mice with herpes simplex virus. J Infect Dis. 1987 Apr;155(4):649–654. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmons A, La Vista AB. Neural infection in mice after cutaneous inoculation with HSV-1 is under complex host genetic control. Virus Res. 1989 Jul;13(3):263–270. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stevens JG, Cook ML. Latent herpes simplex virus in spinal ganglia of mice. Science. 1971 Aug 27;173(3999):843–845. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stevens JG, Wagner EK, Devi-Rao GB, Cook ML, Feldman LT. RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons. Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1056–1059. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ugolini G, Kuypers HG, Simmons A. Retrograde transneuronal transfer of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) from motoneurones. Brain Res. 1987 Oct 6;422(2):242–256. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ugolini G, Kuypers HG, Strick PL. Transneuronal transfer of herpes virus from peripheral nerves to cortex and brainstem. Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):89–91. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)