Expression of c-MYC under the control of GATA-1 regulatory sequences causes erythroleukemia in transgenic mice (original) (raw)

Abstract

To study oncogenesis in the erythroid lineage, we have generated transgenic mice carrying the human c-MYC proto-oncogene under the control of mouse GATA-1 regulatory sequences. Six transgenic lines expressed the transgene and displayed a clear oncogenic phenotype. Of these, five developed an early onset, rapidly progressive erythroleukemia that resulted in death of the founder animals 30-50 d after birth. Transgenic progeny of the sixth founder, while also expressing the transgene, remained asymptomatic for more than 8 mo, whereupon members of this line began to develop late onset erythroleukemia. The primary leukemic cells were transplantable into nude mice and syngeneic hosts. Cell lines were established from five of the six leukemic animals and these lines, designated erythroleukemia/c- MYC (EMY), displayed proerythroblast morphology and expressed markers characteristic of the erythroid lineage, including the erythropoietin receptor and beta-globin. Moreover, they also manifested a limited potential to differentiate in response to erythropoietin. Studies in the surviving transgenic line indicated that, contrary to our expectations, the transgene was not expressed in the mast cell lineage. That, coupled with the exclusive occurrence of erythroleukemia in all the transgenic lines, suggests that the GATA-1 promoter construct we have used includes regulatory sequences necessary for in vivo erythroid expression only. Additional sequences would appear to be required for expression in mast cells. Further, our results show that c-MYC can efficiently transform erythroid precursors if expressed at a vulnerable stage of their development.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (4.1 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adams J. M., Harris A. W., Pinkert C. A., Corcoran L. M., Alexander W. S., Cory S., Palmiter R. D., Brinster R. L. The c-myc oncogene driven by immunoglobulin enhancers induces lymphoid malignancy in transgenic mice. Nature. 1985 Dec 12;318(6046):533–538. doi: 10.1038/318533a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amati B., Brooks M. W., Levy N., Littlewood T. D., Evan G. I., Land H. Oncogenic activity of the c-Myc protein requires dimerization with Max. Cell. 1993 Jan 29;72(2):233–245. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90663-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Battey J., Moulding C., Taub R., Murphy W., Stewart T., Potter H., Lenoir G., Leder P. The human c-myc oncogene: structural consequences of translocation into the IgH locus in Burkitt lymphoma. Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):779–787. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90534-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baumbach W. R., Stanley E. R., Cole M. D. Induction of clonal monocyte-macrophage tumors in vivo by a mouse c-myc retrovirus: rearrangement of the CSF-1 gene as a secondary transforming event. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):664–671. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.664. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ben-David Y., Giddens E. B., Letwin K., Bernstein A. Erythroleukemia induction by Friend murine leukemia virus: insertional activation of a new member of the ets gene family, Fli-1, closely linked to c-ets-1. Genes Dev. 1991 Jun;5(6):908–918. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.6.908. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Beug H., Graf T. Co-operation between viral oncogenes in avian erythroid and myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Clin Invest. 1989 Dec;19(6):491–502. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00265.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Blackwood E. M., Eisenman R. N. Max: a helix-loop-helix zipper protein that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Myc. Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1211–1217. doi: 10.1126/science.2006410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Burstein S. A., Friese P., Downs T., Mei R. L. Characteristics of a novel rat anti-mouse platelet monoclonal antibody: application to studies of megakaryocytes. Exp Hematol. 1992 Nov;20(10):1170–1177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cairns L. A., Crotta S., Minuzzo M., Moroni E., Granucci F., Nicolis S., Schiró R., Pozzi L., Giglioni B., Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. Immortalization of multipotent growth-factor dependent hemopoietic progenitors from mice transgenic for GATA-1 driven SV40 tsA58 gene. EMBO J. 1994 Oct 3;13(19):4577–4586. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06779.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chiba T., Nagata Y., Kishi A., Sakamaki K., Miyajima A., Yamamoto M., Engel J. D., Todokoro K. Induction of erythroid-specific gene expression in lymphoid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 15;90(24):11593–11597. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11593. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Coppola J. A., Cole M. D. Constitutive c-myc oncogene expression blocks mouse erythroleukaemia cell differentiation but not commitment. Nature. 1986 Apr 24;320(6064):760–763. doi: 10.1038/320760a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cory S., Maekawa T., McNeall J., Metcalf D. Murine erythroid cell lines derived with c-myc retroviruses respond to leukemia-inhibitory factor, erythropoietin, and interleukin 3. Cell Growth Differ. 1991 Mar;2(3):165–172. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. D'Andrea A. D., Lodish H. F., Wong G. G. Expression cloning of the murine erythropoietin receptor. Cell. 1989 Apr 21;57(2):277–285. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90965-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. DePinho R. A., Schreiber-Agus N., Alt F. W. myc family oncogenes in the development of normal and neoplastic cells. Adv Cancer Res. 1991;57:1–46. doi: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60994-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Dmitrovsky E., Kuehl W. M., Hollis G. F., Kirsch I. R., Bender T. P., Segal S. Expression of a transfected human c-myc oncogene inhibits differentiation of a mouse erythroleukaemia cell line. Nature. 1986 Aug 21;322(6081):748–750. doi: 10.1038/322748a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dudov K. P., Perry R. P. The gene family encoding the mouse ribosomal protein L32 contains a uniquely expressed intron-containing gene and an unmutated processed gene. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):457–468. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90376-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Enerbäck L. Mast cells in rat gastrointestinal mucosa. 2. Dye-binding and metachromatic properties. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1966;66(3):303–312. doi: 10.1111/apm.1966.66.3.303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Graf T., Beug H. Avian leukemia viruses: interaction with their target cells in vivo and in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Nov 17;516(3):269–299. doi: 10.1016/0304-419x(78)90011-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Guy C. T., Webster M. A., Schaller M., Parsons T. J., Cardiff R. D., Muller W. J. Expression of the neu protooncogene in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice induces metastatic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10578–10582. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.22.10578. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Iscove N. N., Shaw A. R., Keller G. Net increase of pluripotential hematopoietic precursors in suspension culture in response to IL-1 and IL-3. J Immunol. 1989 Apr 1;142(7):2332–2337. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ito E., Toki T., Ishihara H., Ohtani H., Gu L., Yokoyama M., Engel J. D., Yamamoto M. Erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 is abundantly transcribed in mouse testis. Nature. 1993 Apr 1;362(6419):466–468. doi: 10.1038/362466a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Jackson C. W. Cholinesterase as a possible marker for early cells of the megakaryocytic series. Blood. 1973 Sep;42(3):413–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Klemsz M. J., McKercher S. R., Celada A., Van Beveren C., Maki R. A. The macrophage and B cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 is related to the ets oncogene. Cell. 1990 Apr 6;61(1):113–124. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90219-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Klinken S. P., Nicola N. A., Johnson G. R. In vitro-derived leukemic erythroid cell lines induced by a raf- and myc-containing retrovirus differentiate in response to erythropoietin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(22):8506–8510. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.22.8506. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Krieg P. A., Melton D. A. In vitro RNA synthesis with SP6 RNA polymerase. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:397–415. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)55027-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Leder A., Kuo A., Shen M. M., Leder P. In situ hybridization reveals co-expression of embryonic and adult alpha globin genes in the earliest murine erythrocyte progenitors. Development. 1992 Dec;116(4):1041–1049. doi: 10.1242/dev.116.4.1041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Li J. P., D'Andrea A. D., Lodish H. F., Baltimore D. Activation of cell growth by binding of Friend spleen focus-forming virus gp55 glycoprotein to the erythropoietin receptor. Nature. 1990 Feb 22;343(6260):762–764. doi: 10.1038/343762a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Liboi E., Carroll M., D'Andrea A. D., Mathey-Prevot B. Erythropoietin receptor signals both proliferation and erythroid-specific differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 1;90(23):11351–11355. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.23.11351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Long M. W., Williams N. Immature Megakaryocytes in the Mouse: Morphology and quantitation by acetylcholinesterase staining. Blood. 1981 Nov;58(5):1032–1039. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ma A., Smith R. K., Tesfaye A., Achacoso P., Dildrop R., Rosenberg N., Alt F. W. Mechanism of endogenous myc gene down-regulation in E mu-N-myc tumors. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;11(1):440–444. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.1.440. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Martin D. I., Zon L. I., Mutter G., Orkin S. H. Expression of an erythroid transcription factor in megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages. Nature. 1990 Mar 29;344(6265):444–447. doi: 10.1038/344444a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Moreau-Gachelin F., Tavitian A., Tambourin P. Spi-1 is a putative oncogene in virally induced murine erythroleukaemias. Nature. 1988 Jan 21;331(6153):277–280. doi: 10.1038/331277a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Orkin S. H. GATA-binding transcription factors in hematopoietic cells. Blood. 1992 Aug 1;80(3):575–581. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Pavlakis G. N., Lockard R. E., Vamvakopoulos N., Rieser L., RajBhandary U. L., Vournakis J. N. Secondary structure of mouse and rabbit alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs: differential accessibility of alpha and beta initiator AUG codons towards nucleases. Cell. 1980 Jan;19(1):91–102. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90391-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Penn L. J., Brooks M. W., Laufer E. M., Land H. Negative autoregulation of c-myc transcription. EMBO J. 1990 Apr;9(4):1113–1121. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08217.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Pevny L., Simon M. C., Robertson E., Klein W. H., Tsai S. F., D'Agati V., Orkin S. H., Costantini F. Erythroid differentiation in chimaeric mice blocked by a targeted mutation in the gene for transcription factor GATA-1. Nature. 1991 Jan 17;349(6306):257–260. doi: 10.1038/349257a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Prochownik E. V., Kukowska J. Deregulated expression of c-myc by murine erythroleukaemia cells prevents differentiation. 1986 Aug 28-Sep 3Nature. 322(6082):848–850. doi: 10.1038/322848a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Romeo P. H., Prandini M. H., Joulin V., Mignotte V., Prenant M., Vainchenker W., Marguerie G., Uzan G. Megakaryocytic and erythrocytic lineages share specific transcription factors. Nature. 1990 Mar 29;344(6265):447–449. doi: 10.1038/344447a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Ruscetti S., Wolff L. Spleen focus-forming virus: relationship of an altered envelope gene to the development of a rapid erythroleukemia. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1984;112:21–44. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69677-0_2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Ruta M., Clarke S., Boswell B., Kabat D. Heterogeneous metabolism and subcellular localization of a potentially leukemogenic membrane glycoprotein encoded by Friend erythroleukemia virus. Isolation of viral and cellular processing mutants. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jan 10;257(1):126–134. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Schmidt E. V., Pattengale P. K., Weir L., Leder P. Transgenic mice bearing the human c-myc gene activated by an immunoglobulin enhancer: a pre-B-cell lymphoma model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):6047–6051. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.16.6047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Shen M. M., Leder P. Leukemia inhibitory factor is expressed by the preimplantation uterus and selectively blocks primitive ectoderm formation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8240–8244. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8240. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Simon M. C., Pevny L., Wiles M. V., Keller G., Costantini F., Orkin S. H. Rescue of erythroid development in gene targeted GATA-1- mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Genet. 1992 May;1(2):92–98. doi: 10.1038/ng0592-92. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Tsai S. F., Martin D. I., Zon L. I., D'Andrea A. D., Wong G. G., Orkin S. H. Cloning of cDNA for the major DNA-binding protein of the erythroid lineage through expression in mammalian cells. Nature. 1989 Jun 8;339(6224):446–451. doi: 10.1038/339446a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Tsai S. F., Strauss E., Orkin S. H. Functional analysis and in vivo footprinting implicate the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 as a positive regulator of its own promoter. Genes Dev. 1991 Jun;5(6):919–931. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.6.919. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Weiss M. J., Keller G., Orkin S. H. Novel insights into erythroid development revealed through in vitro differentiation of GATA-1 embryonic stem cells. Genes Dev. 1994 May 15;8(10):1184–1197. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.10.1184. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Whitelaw E., Tsai S. F., Hogben P., Orkin S. H. Regulated expression of globin chains and the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 during erythropoiesis in the developing mouse. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6596–6606. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.12.6596. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Zon L. I., Gurish M. F., Stevens R. L., Mather C., Reynolds D. S., Austen K. F., Orkin S. H. GATA-binding transcription factors in mast cells regulate the promoter of the mast cell carboxypeptidase A gene. J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 5;266(34):22948–22953. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Zon L. I., Yamaguchi Y., Yee K., Albee E. A., Kimura A., Bennett J. C., Orkin S. H., Ackerman S. J. Expression of mRNA for the GATA-binding proteins in human eosinophils and basophils: potential role in gene transcription. Blood. 1993 Jun 15;81(12):3234–3241. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]