Working memory in cigarette smokers: comparison to non-smokers and effects of abstinence - PubMed (original) (raw)

Working memory in cigarette smokers: comparison to non-smokers and effects of abstinence

Adrianna Mendrek et al. Addict Behav. 2006 May.

Abstract

The present study was designed to examine the effect of cigarette smoking and withdrawal on working memory. Participants included 15 smokers and 22 matched non-smokers. For both groups the N-Back Task (of working memory) was administered in two test blocks on each of two days. On one day, smokers were tested after >or=13 h abstinence; on the other day, testing began <or=1 h after smoking. Smokers inhaled one cigarette between the blocks on each test day. Results indicated that performance of smokers after >or=13 h but not <or=1 h abstinence was significantly less accurate than that of non-smokers. A within-subject comparison revealed that in the abstinence session, smokers had significantly longer response latencies (in the 2-back condition) and made more overall errors compared to the satiety session. Smoking between test blocks in the abstinence session did not significantly affect performance although it significantly reduced craving. These findings provide further evidence for a deficit in working memory associated with acute abstinence from smoking, which may contribute to the difficulty of smoking cessation.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

_N_-Back performance of smokers (in the abstinence session) and non-smokers. Lines indicate mean RT's and bars indicate mean errors, both ± 1 SE, and both at each _N_-Back level. RT's of smokers in the abstinence session tended to be larger than those of non-smokers in the 2-Back; smokers in this session made more errors overall than non-smokers (p = 0.013).

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

_N_-Back performance of smokers in abstinence and satiety sessions. Lines indicate mean RT's and bars indicate mean errors, both ± 1 SE, and both at each _N_-Back level. In the abstinence session, smokers responded more slowly, especially in the 2-back condition, and tended to make more errors compared with the satiety session ( p's < 0.04).

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