Prolonged platelet activation in individuals with elevated blood pressure in response to a moderate exercise challenge - PubMed (original) (raw)

Prolonged platelet activation in individuals with elevated blood pressure in response to a moderate exercise challenge

Suzi Hong et al. Psychophysiology. 2009 Mar.

Abstract

We examined the magnitude of 20-min moderate exercise-induced platelet activation in 50 volunteers with normal (n=31) or elevated blood pressure (EBP; n=19). Blood was drawn before, immediately after, and 25 min after exercise. Antibody-staining for platelet activation markers, P-selectin, and fibrinogen receptors was done with and without adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulation in whole blood for flow cytometric analyses. Exercise led to increases in percent aggregated platelets and percent platelets expressing P-selectin or PAC-1 binding (ps< or =.001). This increase in percent platelets expressing P-selectin continued even after a 25-min rest only in the EBP group (p< or =.01) accompanied by an increase in percent of aggregated platelets (p< or =.05). Although ADP stimulation led to increased platelet activation at rest, it was attenuated following exercise, even among EBP individuals. A moderate exercise challenge induced prolonged platelet activation in individuals with EBP but attenuation in activation to further stimulation by an agonist. Findings suggest that a recovery period after physical stress appears critical in individuals with high BP regarding platelet activation and aggregation, which can lead to an acute coronary syndrome in vulnerable individuals.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Flow cytometric histogram and scatter plots to identify platelets (CD61+) and single vs. aggregated platelets that were unstimulated and ADP stimulated. Single and aggregated platelets were identified and separately gated based on the size discrimination using Forward Scatter (FS) and Side Scatter (SS) on a log scale. Gating of single and aggregate platelets were further verified by using sorting and miscroscopic examination. An increase in aggregate platelets is shown in the ADP stimulated sample.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Percent single (top) and % aggregate (bottom) platelets before, immediately after, and 25-min after exercise (unstimulated in thin lines; left vs. ADP stimulated in thick lines; right) in normal (NBP in dotted lines) vs. elevated BP (EBP) individuals (mean ± SEM). Values are % of total (CD61+) platelets. * denotes p ≤ 0.05 for Time-by-Group interaction. For main effects for Time see the text in Results.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Percent PAC-1 (left) and % P-selectin (right) expressing

single

platelets before, immediately after, and 25-min after exercise (unstimulated in thin lines vs. ADP stimulated in thick lines) in normal (NBP in dotted lines) vs. elevated BP (EBP) individuals (mean ± SEM). * and *** denote p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.001 for Time-by-Group interaction. For main effects for Time see the text in Results.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Percent P-selectin expressing aggregate platelets before, immediately after, and 25-min after exercise (unstimulated in thin loines vs. ADP stimulated in thick lines) in normal (NBP in dotted lines) vs. elevated BP (EBP) individuals (mean ± SEM). ** denotes p ≤ 0.01 for Time-by-Group interaction. For main effects for Time see the text in Results.

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