Human host-derived cytokines associated with Plasmodium vivax transmission from acute malaria patients to Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes in the Peruvian Amazon - PubMed (original) (raw)

Human host-derived cytokines associated with Plasmodium vivax transmission from acute malaria patients to Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes in the Peruvian Amazon

Shira R Abeles et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Jun.

Abstract

Infection of mosquitoes by humans is not always successful in the setting of patent gametocytemia. This study tested the hypothesis that pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines are associated with transmission of Plasmodium vivax to Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes in experimental infection. Blood from adults with acute, non-severe P. vivax malaria was fed to laboratory-reared F1 An. darlingi mosquitoes. A panel of cytokines at the time of mosquito infection was assessed in patient sera and levels compared among subjects who did and did not infect mosquitoes. Overall, blood from 43 of 99 (43%) subjects led to mosquito infection as shown by oocyst counts. Levels of IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in vivax infection and normalized 3 weeks later. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly higher in nontransmitters compared with top transmitters but was not in TNF-α and IFN-γ. The IL-10 elevation during acute malaria was associated with P. vivax transmission blocking.

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Figures

Figure 1.

Infection by parasitemia grouping. When parasitemia is grouped, it is evident that for parasitemia < 1,000 in this group of symptomatic subjects, the likelihood of transmission is low.

Figure 2.

IL-10 and IL-6 levels at enrollment and at 3 weeks after treatment (A) IL-10 and (B) IL-6.

Figure 3.

IFN-γ and TNF-α at time 0 (infection with Plasmodium vivax) and at 3 weeks after treatment initiation. (A) IFN-γ and (B) TNF-α.

Figure 4.

Cytokine elevations in acute vivax infection compared between nontransmitters and top transmitters. (A) IL-10 is elevated significantly more in nontransmitters than transmitters (P = 0.036). (B) IL-6 is more elevated in nontransmitters than transmitters, but does not reach statistical significance (P = 0.064). (C, D, and E) IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-8 elevations in vivax infection are similar between transmitters and nontransmitters (P = 0.205, P = 0.762, and P = 0.277, respectively).

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Human host-derived cytokines associated with Plasmodium vivax transmission from acute malaria patients to Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes in the Peruvian Amazon - PubMed (original) (raw)