Does long-term use of antidiabetic drugs changes cancer risk? - PubMed (original) (raw)

Observational Study

. 2019 Oct;98(40):e17461.

doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017461.

Phung-Anh Nguyen 2, Ayesha Humayun 3, Shuo-Chen Chien 2 4, Hsuan-Chia Yang 2 4, Rahma Novita Asdary 5, Shabbir Syed-Abdul 2 4, Min-Huei Hsu 6 7, Max Moldovan 8, Yun Yen 2 9 10, Yu-Chuan Jack Li 2 4 7 11, Wen-Shan Jian 12 13, Usman Iqbal 3 4 14

Affiliations

Observational Study

Does long-term use of antidiabetic drugs changes cancer risk?

Yi-Chun Liu et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Oct.

Abstract

Antidiabetic medications are commonly used around the world, but their safety is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether long-term use of insulin and oral antidiabetic medications is associated with cancer risk.We conducted a well-designed case-control study using 12 years of data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and investigated the association between antidiabetic medication use and cancer risk over 20 years. We identified 42,500 patients diagnosed with cancer and calculated each patient's exposure to antidiabetic drugs during the study period. We matched cancer and noncancer subjects matched 1:6 by age, gender, and index date, and used Cox proportional hazard regression and conditional logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding factors, that is, medications and comorbid diseases that could influence cancer risk during study period.Pioglitazone (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.38); and insulin and its analogs for injection, intermediate or long acting combined with fast acting (AOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.43) were significantly associated with a higher cancer risk. However, metformin (AOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.07), glibenclamide (AOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92-1.05), acarbose (AOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.96-1.16), and others do not show evidence of association with cancer risk. Moreover, the risk for specific cancers among antidiabetic users as compared with nonantidiabetic medication users was significantly increased for pancreas cancer (by 45%), liver cancer (by 32%), and lung cancer (by 18%).Antidiabetic drugs do not seem to be associated with an increased cancer risk incidence except for pioglitazone, insulin and its analogs for injection, intermediate or long acting combined with fast acting.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Overall antidiabetic drugs and their association with specific cancer risk.

References

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