The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil

Paola Ditano-Vázquez et al. Nutrients. 2019.

Abstract

A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; diabetes; mediterranean diet; olive oil; polyphenols; wine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Classification and structure of the main polyphenol classes. Adapted from Pandey KB et al. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2009, 2, 270–8.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Chemical structures of sub-classes of flavonoids. Adapted from Guasch-Ferré M 2017 [1].

Figure 3

Figure 3

Components of table wine. Estimates of typical gross composition (percentage weight). Phenols constitute the major compositional difference between red and white table wines. Water and ethanol content is similar for both types of wine (87% and 10%, respectively) [26].

Figure 4

Figure 4

Impact of polyphenol content in moderate consumption of wine and olive oil on cardiovascular disease prevention and management.

References

    1. Guasch-Ferre M., Merino J., Sun Q., Fito M., Salas-Salvado J. Dietary Polyphenols, Mediterranean Diet, Prediabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2017;2017:6723931. doi: 10.1155/2017/6723931. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Keys A., Menotti A., Karvonen M.J., Aravanis C., Blackburn H., Buzina R., Djordjevic B.S., Dontas A.S., Fidanza F., Keys M.H., et al. The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1986;124:903–915. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114480. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Schwingshackl L., Morze J., Hoffmann G. Mediterranean diet and health status: Active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms. Br. J. Pharm. 2019 doi: 10.1111/bph.14778. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lopez-Miranda J., Perez-Jimenez F., Ros E., De Caterina R., Badimon L., Covas M.I., Escrich E., Ordovas J.M., Soriguer F., Abia R., et al. Olive oil and health: Summary of the II international conference on olive oil and health consensus report, Jaen and Cordoba (Spain) 2008. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2010;20:284–294. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.12.007. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Abete I., Goyenechea E., Zulet M.A., Martínez J.A. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Potential benefit from specific nutritional components. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2011;21:B1–B15. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.05.001. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources