Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats: An Update - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats: An Update

Jonathan D Dear. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2020 Mar.

Abstract

Bacterial pneumonia is a common clinical diagnosis in dogs but seems to occur less often in cats. Underlying causes include viral infection, aspiration injury, foreign body inhalation, and defects in clearance of respiratory secretions. Identification of the specific organisms involved in disease, appropriate use of antibiotics and adjunct therapy, and control of risk factors for pneumonia improve management.

Keywords: Bacterial pneumonia; Canine; Feline; Lower airway disease; Lower respiratory tract infection.

Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The author has nothing to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Dorsoventral (A) and right lateral (B) thoracic radiographs from a dog with an alveolar pattern in the cranioventral lung lobes, suggestive of aspiration. Note that in many cases the right middle lung lobe is most affected, which is best seen on a left lateral orthogonal view.

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Dorsoventral (A) and right lateral (B) thoracic radiographs of a dog with a focal, patchy interstitial to alveolar pattern in the left cranial lung lobe. This dog was diagnosed with a foxtail foreign body, which was removed thoracoscopically via lung lobectomy.

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

A foxtail foreign body retrieved bronchoscopically from the left principle bronchus of a dog with chronic respiratory signs. Foxtails are endemic to the Western and Midwestern United States as well as some parts of Europe and are associated with mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections. Fungal infections seem to occur rarely as a consequence of bronchopulmonary foreign bodies.

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

CT image of a dog with severe, diffuse pneumonia resulting from a chronic foxtail foreign body (see Fig. 3). The foreign body was not visible on thoracic radiographs, but is clearly evident in the left principal bronchus on this image.

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

Dorsoventral (A) and right lateral (B) thoracic radiographs revealing bronchiectasis and a diffuse prominent bronchointerstitial pattern, most prominent in the caudal thorax (case study 1).

Fig. 6

Fig. 6

Dorsoventral (A) and right lateral (B) thoracic radiographs revealing a focal opacity in the left caudal lung lobe and a diffuse bronchial pattern (case study 2).

References

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