Anserine and glucosamine supplementation attenuates the levels of inflammatory markers in rats with rheumatoid arthritis - PubMed (original) (raw)

Anserine and glucosamine supplementation attenuates the levels of inflammatory markers in rats with rheumatoid arthritis

Jiang Minghao Zhao et al. AMB Express. 2020.

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the joint synovium. Anserine is a functional dipeptide containing methylhistidine and β-alanine, and is present in the brain and skeletal muscle of birds and mammals. Glucosamine is an amino sugar used in the synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. We evaluated the effects of anserine and glucosamine on RA. Rats were assigned into the control group, RA group, anserine group (1 mg/kg), glucosamine group (200 mg/kg), or anserine plus glucosamine group (anserine, 1 mg/kg + glucosamine, 200 mg/kg). Treatment was continued for 45 consecutive days and was administered orally. The serum levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, uric acid, nitric oxide, ceruloplasmin, zinc, copper, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were assayed. The mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in synovial tissue were also determined. Anserine plus glucosamine significantly increased the catalase, SOD, Gpx, GSH, and zinc levels compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Also, anserine plus glucosamine significantly reduced the PGE2, MMP-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Furthermore, anserine plus glucosamine significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB and iNOS compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Therefore, supplementation of anserine plus glucosamine shows therapeutic potential for RA.

Keywords: Anserine; Antioxidant; Glucosamine; Rats; Rheumatoid arthritis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Anserine plus glucosamine supplementation reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB and iNOS in synovial tissue. a mRNA levels of NF-κB and iNOS. b Western blots of NF-κB and iNOS. c Densitometric analysis of the data in b

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Anserine plus glucosamine supplementation reduced the protein levels of NF-κB and iNOS in synovial tissue. a Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-κB and iNOS. b Analysis of the protein levels in a. Scale bar is 100 µm

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