A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2021 Feb 16;2(2):100203.

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100203.

John R Speakman 1 2 3 4, Hiroyuki Sagayama 7, Elena S F Berman 8, Philip N Ainslie 9, Lene F Andersen 10, Liam J Anderson 9 11, Lenore Arab 12, Issaad Baddou 13, Kweku Bedu-Addo 14, Ellen E Blaak 15, Stephane Blanc 16 17, Alberto G Bonomi 18, Carlijn V C Bouten 19, Pascal Bovet 20, Maciej S Buchowski 21, Nancy F Butte 22, Stefan G J A Camps 15, Graeme L Close 9, Jamie A Cooper 16, Seth A Creasy 23, Sai Krupa Das 24, Richard Cooper 25, Lara R Dugas 25, Cara B Ebbeling 26, Ulf Ekelund 27, Sonja Entringer 28 29, Terrence Forrester 30, Barry W Fudge 31, Annelies H Goris 15, Michael Gurven 32, Catherine Hambly 2, Asmaa El Hamdouchi 13, Marije B Hoos 15, Sumei Hu 3, Noorjehan Joonas 33, Annemiek M Joosen 15, Peter Katzmarzyk 34, Kitty P Kempen 15, Misaka Kimura 6, William E Kraus 35, Robert F Kushner 36, Estelle V Lambert 37, William R Leonard 38, Nader Lessan 39, David S Ludwig 26, Corby K Martin 34, Anine C Medin 10 40, Erwin P Meijer 15, James C Morehen 9 41, James P Morton 9, Marian L Neuhouser 42, Theresa A Nicklas 22, Robert M Ojiambo 43 44, Kirsi H Pietiläinen 45, Yannis P Pitsiladis 46, Jacob Plange-Rhule 14, Guy Plasqui 47, Ross L Prentice 42, Roberto A Rabinovich 48, Susan B Racette 24, David A Raichlen 49, Eric Ravussin 34, Rebecca M Reynolds 50, Susan B Roberts 24, Albertine J Schuit 51, Anders M Sjödin 52, Eric Stice 53, Samuel S Urlacher 54, Giulio Valenti 15, Ludo M Van Etten 15, Edgar A Van Mil 55, Jonathan C K Wells 56, George Wilson 9, Brian M Wood 57 58, Jack Yanovski 59, Tsukasa Yoshida 5, Xueying Zhang 1 2, Alexia J Murphy-Alford 60, Cornelia U Loechl 60, Edward L Melanson 23 61 62, Amy H Luke 63, Herman Pontzer 64 65, Jennifer Rood 34, Dale A Schoeller 66, Klaas R Westerterp 67, William W Wong 22; IAEA DLW database group

Affiliations

A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies

John R Speakman et al. Cell Rep Med. 2021.

Abstract

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (<10 kg). Using data for 1,021 babies and infants, we show that the DSR varies non-linearly with body mass between 0 and 10 kg. Using this relationship to predict DSR from weight provides an equation for rCO2 over this size range that agrees well with indirect calorimetry (average difference 0.64%; SD = 12.2%). We propose adoption of these equations in future studies.

Keywords: doubly labeled water; free-living; total energy expenditure; validation.

© 2021 The Authors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

None

Graphical abstract

Figure 1

Figure 1

Comparison of published CO2 production by doubly labeled water to that by standard method (A) Relationship between CO2 production (L/d) for 5,756 individuals extracted from the original studies and the recalculated estimates using Equation 1. (B–D) Bland-Altman plots comparing the published rCO2 for studies using (B) the Coward and Prentice equation, (C) the Schoeller et al. A6 equation, and (D) the Racette et al. compared with the standard Equation 1 derived from Sagayama et al. In all plots, dotted line is average difference, and solid blue lines are plus and minus 2 SDs. The red lines define the boundary for plus and minus 10% difference between methods. Data refer to 5,756 adult individuals uploaded into the IAEA DLW database (v3.1).

Figure 2

Figure 2

Comparison of published energy expenditure by DLW to that calculated by standard method (A) Relationship between the TEE (MJ/d) for 4,571 individual adults extracted from the original studies and the recalculated TEE using the Weir equation. (B) Bland-Altman plot comparing the published TEE with those generated using the recommended equation. Dotted line is average difference. Data refer to data for 4,571 adult individuals uploaded into the IAEA DLW database (v3.1). The sample size is lower than in Figure 1, because for some individuals, estimates of RQ or FQ were not available.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Dilution space ratio as a function of body mass and performance of new equation against indirect calorimetry (A) Dilution space ratios (the hydrogen dilution space Nd divided by the oxygen dilution space No) of 332 babies weighing <10 kg from the IAEA DLW database v 3.1 (open circles) combined with data from validation studies in preterm and full-term babies (gray circles). For the sample from the database, there was a linear relationship (blue dotted line that marginally failed to reach significance p = 0.08). We fitted an asymptotic exponential to the combined dataset (red line; r2 = 6.4%; p < 0.03). (B) The results of validation studies of the DLW method in babies comparing the DLW estimates of CO2 production (rCO2) derived from a combination of Equations 9 and 10 presented here and rCO2 measured by indirect calorimetry. There was a strong linear relationship fitted by least-squares regression—dotted blue line, with r2 = 0.90.

References

    1. Lifson N., Gordon G.B., McCLINTOCK R. Measurement of total carbon dioxide production by means of D2O18. J. Appl. Physiol. 1955;7:704–710. -PubMed
    1. Lifson N. Theory of use of the turnover rates of body water for measuring energy and material balance. J. Theor. Biol. 1966;12:46–74. -PubMed
    1. Speakman J.R. Chapman and Hall; 1997. Doubly Labelled Water: Theory and Practice.
    1. Nagy K.A. Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California; 1983. The Doubly Labeled Water (3HH18O) Method: A Guide to Its Use.
    1. Schoeller D.A., van Santen E. Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by doubly labeled water method. J. Appl. Physiol. 1982;53:955–959. -PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources