Deciphering the Potentials of Cardamom in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: From Kitchen to Clinic - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Deciphering the Potentials of Cardamom in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: From Kitchen to Clinic

Shabana Bano et al. Biomolecules. 2024.

Abstract

Cardamom (cardamum) is a spice produced from the seeds of several Elettaria and Amomum plants of the Zingiberaceae family. Cardamom has been demonstrated to offer numerous benefits, including its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and other metabolic (anti-diabetic) properties, and its potential to reduce cancer risk. Recently, researchers have extracted and tested multiple phytochemicals from cardamom to assess their potential effectiveness against various types of human malignancy. These studies have indicated that cardamom can help overcome drug resistance to standard chemotherapy and protect against chemotherapy-induced toxicity due to its scavenging properties. Furthermore, chemical compounds in cardamom, including limonene, cymene, pinene, linalool, borneol, cardamonin, indole-3-carbinol, and diindolylmethane, primarily target the programmed cell death lignin-1 gene, which is more prevalent in cancer cells than in healthy cells. This review provides the medicinal properties and pharmacological uses of cardamom, its cellular effects, and potential therapeutic uses in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as its use in reducing drug resistance and improving the overall health of cancer patients. Based on previous preclinical studies, cardamom shows significant potential as an anti-cancer agent, but further exploration for clinical use is warranted due to its diverse mechanisms of action.

Keywords: Elettaria cardamomum; anti-microbial; antioxidants; ayurveda; cancer prevention; cancer therapy; chemoprevention; chemoprotectant; diet; epigenetics; flavonoids; inflammation; natural medicine; pharmacological use; phytochemicals; traditional Indian medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Versatile effects of cardamom in health and disease.

Figure 2

Molecular targets of cardamom extracts and its cellular effects. Abbreviations: AIF (apoptosis inducing factor), BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein), HIF1A (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1), IL-1 (interleukin-1), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells transcription factor), NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase), pGSK (phospho-Glycogen synthase kinase), ROS (reactive oxygen species), STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha).

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Deciphering the Potentials of Cardamom in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: From Kitchen to Clinic - PubMed (original) (raw)