The Association of Food Security With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A National Health Interview Survey Analysis - PubMed (original) (raw)

The Association of Food Security With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A National Health Interview Survey Analysis

Brittany N Burton et al. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Food security is one of the most researched social determinants of health (SDoH), however, there is a lack of literature on the impact of food security on cardiovascular disease in pregnancy. The primary objective was to examine the association between food security with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2019-2022 data from the National Health Interview Survey. The study population included women of childbearing age who were either pregnant or recently pregnant. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between food security and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Of the 1635 women included in the analysis, the rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 11.1% and the rate of low and very low food security was 5.3% and 4.0%, respectively. The prevalence was 5.8% for hyperlipemia, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 10.5% for diabetes mellitus. The odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were statistically significantly increased among women with low food security compared to women with high food security (odds ratio [OR] 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-4.81) after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, insurance status, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and interventions to address including the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and food pantries, as it may be more feasible to address issues of food security among pregnant women.

Keywords: food security; hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; social determinants of health.

© 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Clinical Hypertension published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1

FIGURE 1

Conceptual framework. Food security was modeled as the exposure. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was modeled as the primary outcome. Demographic variables, socioeconomic status, and medical history were modeled as confounders.

FIGURE 2

FIGURE 2

Flow diagram of unweighted sample of women included in the study.

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