Are deficits of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids responsible for the neural and vascular complications of preterm babies? - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
. 1997 Oct;66(4 Suppl):1032S-1041S.
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/66.4.1032S.
Affiliations
- PMID: 9322584
- DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/66.4.1032S
Review
Are deficits of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids responsible for the neural and vascular complications of preterm babies?
M A Crawford et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct.
Abstract
We review evidence suggesting that pre- or postnatal deficits of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) together with underdeveloped antioxidant protection contribute to neurovisual developmental disorders and other complications of premature birth. These two synergistic deficits occur at a time when 70% of energy is focused on brain development and when the brain and blood vessels are growing at high speed. The types of essential fatty acids fed to preterm babies bear no relation to what the infant would have received had it remained a fetus. This failure to meet essential fatty acid requirements exacerbates the AA and DHA deficits seen at birth; furthermore, the immature superoxide defenses remain depressed until the expected date of delivery. Deficits of these systems, which are required for cell membranes, the endothelium, and neural tissue, could provide the biochemical prerequisite for the membrane disorders to which these babies are at high risk: intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leucomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although poor vascular development during fetal and neonatal life may be repaired, the structural and antioxidant deficits identified in preterm babies may impair blood vessel development with long-term consequences. The conclusion drawn from this review is that present parenteral and enteral lipid nutrition for preterm babies is flawed and could be pathogenic. Full-term milk composition is the basis for the design of preterm infant foods, but full-term milk is different from the placental product that is rich in AA and DHA. Preterm lipid nutrition should be revised to be more in line with placental lipid transfer to the fetus.
Similar articles
- The potential role for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in protection against some central nervous system injuries in preterm infants.
Crawford MA, Golfetto I, Ghebremeskel K, Min Y, Moodley T, Poston L, Phylactos A, Cunnane S, Schmidt W. Crawford MA, et al. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):303-15. doi: 10.1007/s11745-003-1065-1. Lipids. 2003. PMID: 12848275 Review. - Placental delivery of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids: implications for the lipid nutrition of preterm infants.
Crawford M. Crawford M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):275S-84S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.275S. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000. PMID: 10617983 - Enteral and parenteral lipid requirements of preterm infants.
Lapillonne A. Lapillonne A. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014;110:82-98. doi: 10.1159/000358460. Epub 2014 Apr 11. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014. PMID: 24751623 Review. - The inadequacy of the essential fatty acid content of present preterm feeds.
Crawford MA, Costeloe K, Ghebremeskel K, Phylactos A. Crawford MA, et al. Eur J Pediatr. 1998 Jan;157 Suppl 1:S23-7. doi: 10.1007/pl00014287. Eur J Pediatr. 1998. PMID: 9462903 Review. - Postnatal RBC arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids deficiencies are associated with higher risk of neonatal morbidities and mortality in preterm infants.
Fares S, Sethom MM, Hammami MB, Cheour M, Feki M, Hadj-Taieb S, Kacem S. Fares S, et al. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2017 Nov;126:112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.015. Epub 2017 Sep 22. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2017. PMID: 29031388
Cited by
- Docosahexaenoic acid and visual functioning in preterm infants: a review.
Molloy C, Doyle LW, Makrides M, Anderson PJ. Molloy C, et al. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012 Dec;22(4):425-37. doi: 10.1007/s11065-012-9216-z. Epub 2012 Oct 12. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012. PMID: 23065239 Review. - Docosahexaenoic acid significantly stimulates immediate early response genes and neurite outgrowth.
Dagai L, Peri-Naor R, Birk RZ. Dagai L, et al. Neurochem Res. 2009 May;34(5):867-75. doi: 10.1007/s11064-008-9845-z. Epub 2008 Sep 10. Neurochem Res. 2009. PMID: 18781386 - Novel lysophospholipid acyltransferase PLAT1 of Aurantiochytrium limacinum F26-b responsible for generation of palmitate-docosahexaenoate-phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
Abe E, Ikeda K, Nutahara E, Hayashi M, Yamashita A, Taguchi R, Doi K, Honda D, Okino N, Ito M. Abe E, et al. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 4;9(8):e102377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102377. eCollection 2014. PLoS One. 2014. PMID: 25090090 Free PMC article. - Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: a question of n-6 essentiality and the balance between n-6 and n-3.
Harbige LS. Harbige LS. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):323-41. doi: 10.1007/s11745-003-1067-z. Lipids. 2003. PMID: 12848277 Review. - Maternal and Neonatal Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Premature Infants.
Heath RJ, Klevebro S, Wood TR. Heath RJ, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 9;23(2):700. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020700. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. PMID: 35054885 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical